Gede Pangrango Research Articles

Dynamic Patterns of Primate Responses to Human Actions on Ecotourism Activities in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia

Dynamic Patterns of Primate Responses to Human Actions on Ecotourism Activities in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia

The Sustainable Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Ecotourism Policy Scheme

The environmental damage of Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) is triggered by visitors or the local community, it can threaten the sustainability of the ecotourism area and disrupt the stability of the ecological are functions. The solving of existing problems is the forming of sustainable ecotourism development policy, that it can preserve and preserve the ecotourism area of TNGGP. This study method was descriptive. The research was analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process. AHP is one of the tools to formulate the priorities policies among many intangible factors. The needed ecotourism policy ware TNGGP area conservation, increasing the role of the local community around TNGGP and the enhancing unique ecological experiences for visitors policy. The ecotourism policies must apply based on priority of TNGGP ecosystem protection and preservation, protection of vulnerable ecosystems, activities to improve community welfare around TNGGP, protection of unique and endangered species, providing environmental education to visitors and local community around the TNGPP, management's efforts towards TNGGP entry rates, fostering TNGGP staff to improve services for visitors, and unique ecotourism experience activities and environmental awareness raising for all stakeholders in TNGGP.

COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION OF DIFFERENT RAINFOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- High demand for environmental services makes the park vulnerable to human activities.- Both ecosystems are well regenerated; seedling > sapling > pole > tree (inverted J)- Both ecosystems show normal diversity conditions and stable species distribution.- Growth of Maesopsis eminii needs monitoring to preserve forest purity.- Montane forests have greater biomass, carbon stocks, less anthropogenic disturbanceABSTRACTThe Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) area is one of the vital ecosystems that support the environment in West Java Province, Indonesia. It is a unique area that has multiple forest ecosystems, including lowland rainforest and montane rainforest ecosystems. Despite the GGPNP’s status as a conservation area, the high demand for the GGPNP’s environmental services makes the region vulnerable to disturbances from human activities. Several studies have been conducted in the GGPNP area (lowland and montane forest ecosystems), however, the results of this study are still necessary to explain the forest dynamics and forest carbon sequestration in this location. The objective of this research was to analyze the structure, composition, and carbon sequestration of stands in the lowland and montane rainforest ecosystems in the GGPNP area. Data processing and analyses were conducted using diversity indices, biomass-carbon stock estimation, and carbon dioxide sequestration estimation. The results showed that the GGPNP lowland and montane rainforest ecosystems were well regenerated. The number of seedlings > saplings > poles > trees and the graph showed a reverse “J” pattern. The GGPNP lowland rainforest ecosystem was dominated by Neonauclea lanceolata and had relatively higher species diversity. The GGPNP montane rainforest ecosystem was dominated by Castanopsis acuminatissima with a higher individual density, denser canopy, and more complex canopy strata. The lack of regeneration in several species of trees heightens the threat to these species’ existence in the future. Biomass, carbon stocks, and carbon sequestration in the GGPNP montane rainforest were greater than those in the GGPNP lowland rainforest. The GGPNP montane rainforest ecosystem had older forest stands, a larger average tree diameter, and lower potential for anthropogenic disturbances.

Range-wide camera traps reveal potential prey species for Javan leopards

Prey depletion poses a threat to large carnivores worldwide. The Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas), the last remaining apex predator on the Indonesian island of Java, is facing numerous threats from human activities including poaching, habitat loss and prey depletion. Despite the fact that the Javan leopard is an adaptable and opportunistic predator capable of surviving in various environments, our understanding of its prey and predator-prey interactions is still limited, which is crucial for their conservation. Using camera trap data collected from four national parks (i.e., Ujung Kulon, Gunung Gede Pangrango, Meru Betiri, Alas Purwo) that represent four distinct terrestrial ecoregions across the island of Java, we investigated the species richness, relative abundance, and spatial-temporal overlap in activity patterns between the Javan leopard and other animals that coexist in the same location. Our analysis of 7461 independent photos, covering 12,983 camera trap days, revealed that areas with the presence of Javan leopards exhibited higher species richness and abundance compared to those without the presence of Javan leopards. In addition, we found that the activities of banteng (Bos javanicus), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Javan deer (Rusa timorensis), Javan mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), junglefowl (Gallus spp.), spangled ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus), Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus), long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and dhole (Cuon alpinus) were highly overlapping with those of Javan leopards in space and time, suggesting that these species are potential candidate prey for Javan leopards. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive investigation of potential prey for the Javan leopard that utilizes camera traps from all four types of terrestrial ecoregions on Java Island. The findings of this study may serve as essential information for the conservation of this critically endangered species.

Population of The Javan Surili Langur (Presbytis Comata) in The Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor Forest Area

Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor is a buffer zone for the Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango conservation forest area and is one of the habitats for the Javan surili langurs, but there is no research data on wild Javan surili langur populations. The object of research is to find out how many populations of Javan surili langurs are in the TSI Bogor forest area. The research method used the line transect method by collecting data on the number of individuals, the number of groups, the sex ratio, and the age structure. The research was conducted in four observation areas with varying lengths, observations were made at (06.00 - 17.00 WIB), and four repetitions were carried out on each observation path, the results showed that there were 16 Javan surili langurs individuals divided into one group, and the estimated population density was 0.06 individual/ha. The sex diversity of male and female surili langurs in the TSI Bogor forest area is 1:6 where the female Javan surili langurs are more than the male Javan surili langurs and for the age structure the largest Javan surili langurs are in the adult age class with a percentage of 43.75%, juvenile 31.25%, and the percentage of infant is 25%.

The abundance of soil mesofauna and macrofauna at different altitudes in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park

Soil fauna is important in the breakdown of organic matter for soil fertility. Various environmental factors, including edaphic, climatic factors, and overlying vegetation, influence the abundance of soil fauna. This study aims to analyze the abundance of soil fauna at different altitudes and the influence of the environment on it. The research was conducted at three different altitudes, namely 1,550 m asl, 1,650 m asl, 1,750 m asl, and in open land (1,200 m asl). The LSD test results showed that the abundance of soil fauna significantly differed between the altitude of 1,650 m asl and open land. In comparison, the abundance of soil fauna at the 1,550 m asl and 1,750 m asl was not significantly different at the 95% confidence interval. The results of the correlation analysis show that the climatic factors of light intensity and air temperature are negatively correlated. In contrast, air humidity positively correlates with the abundance of soil fauna. Factors strongly correlated with abundance are litter wet weight and soil pH.

Structure and distribution of palm tree species in Altingia excelsa planted forest in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Sadili A, Salamah A, Mirmanto E, Kartawinata K. 2024. Structure and distribution of palm tree species in Altingia excelsa planted forest in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 249-256. Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) is a conservation area consisted of natural forest and planted forest, including Altingia excelsa Noronha stands which were planted in 1925. As a result of secondary succession, various plants grow under Altingia excelsa stands, including palm tree species (Arecaceae). This research was conducted to determine the structure, population, and distribution patterns of palm trees in Altingia excelsa planted forest in Bodogol Resort, GGPNP. The data were collected by establishing a one-hectare plot divided into 100 subplots of 10 m × 10 m. Palm tree species with a Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) ?3 cm were measured, and the tree heights were estimated. Data analysis included Relative Dominance (RDo), Relative Density (RDen), Relative Frequency (RF), Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (H'), Evenness Index (E), Index of Dispersion (ID), analysis of variance values (S2) and Chi-square analysis (Q). The study results recorded four species from three genera of Arecaceae which consisted of 171 trees with a total Basal Area (BA) of 0.63 m2/ha. Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume was the most dominant palm tree species with IVI of 156.89%), followed by Pinanga sp. (IVI=72.04%), Caryota rumphiana Mart. (IVI=55.77%), and Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. (IVI=15.38%). In term of diameter class distribution, Pinanga coronata and Pinanga sp. were regenerating well. Spatial distribution patterns of Arenga pinnata, Caryota rumphiana, and Pinanga sp. were regular, while Pinanga coronata was clustered. Periodical studies in the future to determine the mortality and natality of the palm trees are recommended to understand the dynamics of vegetation succession.

PERAN PEMERINTAH DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN UMKM MASYARAKAT DESA GEDE PANGRANGO KECAMATAN KADUDAMPIT KABUPATEN SUKABUMI

This study aims to analyze and describe the role played by the local government in the development of Micro, small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the area of Gede Pangrango Village, Kadudampit Disrict,Sukabumi Regency. MSMEs have an important role in the local and national economiy, as well as in creating jobs and increasing people’s income. Local governments have a significant role in providing support, regulation and facilitation for MSMEs growth. This research will analyze various policies, programs and initiatives taken by the regional government of Gede Pangrango village to support MSME development.

Inventarization Macroscopic Fungi at Tegallega Resort Taman Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

This study aims to inventory macroscopic fungi at Resort Tegallega, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park conducted at three tracking locations. The research method used is descriptive qualitative and with the cruise data collection method (cruise method) by tracing the research location points. The results obtained based on the research that has been done, it was found that most of the fungi belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and only one type of fungus belongs to the phylum Ascomycota. The environmental conditions where mushrooms grow are not that much different, because the three tracking points are still in the same area.

A Case Study on the Growth and Restoration of Native Plant Species in Formerly Utilized Areas: The Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

A Case Study on the Growth and Restoration of Native Plant Species in Formerly Utilized Areas: The Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

Analysis of the utilization of groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) by the community around the Cibodas Resort Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

Groundcherry (Physalis angulata) is a medicinal plant originating from the Cibodas Resort forest, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. This study aimed to identify the actual potential of cecal plants and analyzeperceptions, motivations, and perceptions of the impact of their utilization by the community around Cibodas Resort MGPNP. Research was carried out from September to November 2021, in Cibodas Resort MGPNP and Cimacan Village. The total number of groundcherrys found at an altitude of 1,000–1,600 masl is 148. Results of the Hawaii Pacific Weed Risk Assessment (HPWRA) for groundcherry are 20, which means they are high risk of becoming invasive in the area. The dominant characteristic of the Cimacan Village community is married to the last high school education level who works as an entrepreneur. The highest intensity utilization of thegroundcherry is as an ingredient for food or drink consumption. Motivation of the community using groundcherry plants is same for religion, education, ecology, culture, recreation and society. Perceptions of impact of using groundcherry plants are uncertain to economic, social and cultural impacts. Perceptions of the ecological impact are considered disagreed by the surrounding community. Utilization by a community using a cultivation approach can be a solution to the high risk of invasiveness of groundcherry plants.

Local community perception towards invasive alien plant species utilization in Bodogol – Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

The spread of invasive alien species in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park is considered causes disturbance and damage threats to ecosystems, habitats, and native plant species. There are three invasive alien plant species spread in Bodogol area, a part of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, namely Maesopsis eminii, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Austroeupatorium inulifolium. Two out of these three species, i.e Maesopsis eminii and Calliandra calothyrsus are well known as useful plants and have a high Index Cultural Significance (ICS). In 2019 a study was conducted to quantify the perception of the community in Bodogol towards Maesopsis eminii and Calliandra calothyrsus utilization. Data were collected through interview and filling out questionnaire by 42 respondents using tri-stimulus amar framework. The results of the study obtained total value of quantifying the perception is 2.24 out of 4.00 in Likert’s scale. The value shown that community in Bodogol had positive perception towards these invasive alien plant species. The factors that affected community perceptions are the level of knowledge about invasive species and the benefits of the species. Therefore, this study is important as input for decisions in determining appropriate management of invasive species in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park area.

Notes on The Current Distribution and Abundance of The Frog Genus <i>Leptophryne</i> spp. (Anura: Bufonidae) in Gede Pangrango National Park

We reported the current distribution of Leptophryne spp. in Gede Pangrango National Park. Leptophryne cruentata was recorded in Cibodas (Cikundul waterfall and Goa Lalay), Selabintana (Cibeureum Waterfall), and Goalpara (Rasta Waterfall), whereas Leptophryne borbonica was only reported from a creek at lowland forest of Bodogol. Goa Lalay and Rasta waterfall were explicitly reported as new distribution locations of Leptophryne cruentata. It was strictly found at a higher elevation usually within reach of waterfalls that generate substantial background noise, except in Cibodas in which Leptophryne cruentata can also be found in two noisy creeks located at a fairly great distance from waterfalls (100 – 170 meters).

DINAMIKA PERTUMBUHAN POHON DI HUTAN RESTORASI BODOGOL TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO, JAWA BARAT

The Restored Forest (RF) in Bodogol, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) is located in the degraded lowland forest area. The Bodogol RF constituted the area of the ecosystem restoration program, where the initial tree planting was carried out by Mrs. Megawati Soekarnoputri the 5th President of the Republic of Indonesia. In that restored forest area, a study was conducted by establishing one hektare plots. We recorded 26 tree species and 16 families, including 14 tree species that were used in the restoration, four cultivated species, and eight species that naturally enter the site as new arrival (recruitment). The total basal area was 7.47 m2/Ha and tree density was 256 trees/Ha. The mean diameter growth was 1.78 cm/year, and the highest diameter growth was Hibiscus tilliaceus (2.42 cm/year). The mean total height growth was 0.52 m/year, and the highest was Paraserianthes falcataria (0.85 m/year). The density of Toona sureni was very high (61 trees/Ha) and in the future it ay dominate the forest will, therefore other tree species native to Mt. Gede-Pangrango should be planted to enrich the present restored forest so as to encourage the development of mixed lowland or montane forests similar to the original climax forests with high species diversity. Structurally, about 50 % of the RF has been achieved, but species composition still needs further enrichment either by active intervention of planting native TNGGP species if deemed necessary or by allowing succession to take place naturally, although it will take a very long time.

Cianjur Earthquake- Roles of Social Media and the Distribution of Sciences

A magnitude 5.2 earthquake hit Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia on November 21, 2022, killing more than 300 people, leaving many more missing, and damaging more than 60,000 houses which caused thousands of people to be displaced from their homes. Significant seismic activity was recognized in 1699, 1834, 1879, and 1900 near Cianjur in West Java. The news quickly hit social media, with some responding in group chats, feeds, reels, and literature reviews shared via other social media claiming that the Cimandiri Fault had caused the event. Moreover, discussions were featured in webinars and on national television. However, this information was based solely on limited information and prior knowledge of the area without further analysis of the actual data.New satellite data was uploaded via social media a few days later. This update soon reduced online discussion about the Cimandiri Fault. There was further evidence of a previously buried fault between the Cimandiri Fault and the Gede Pangrango Range, 12 km north of the estimated location of the Cimandiri Fault. Our field observations indicate that this fault caused most of the rupture in this region.Socially, the earthquake event also caused immediate problems in the local community. There have been incidents of earthquake survivors, donors, and people taking advantage of the situation. Blockades were everywhere, and those claiming to be survivors demanded that oncoming donation fleets be stopped, and all donations abandoned. These incidents have hampered efforts to distribute aid to the most remote areas. As a result, survivors who had taken refuge far from major logistical lines were left stranded. Heartless selfies and video content created in the face of grieving communities are everywhere and create a rift between survivors and donors.The recent Cianjur earthquake has taught us how important it is to understand the geological phenomena behind our homes and the effect of information and misinformation via social media. While social media serves as a valuable tool for rapid information dissemination during disasters, verifying information from reliable sources and encouraging responsible usage of social media platforms is essential. Effective filtering of information becomes pivotal to combat misinformation in developing more resilient communities, safeguarding lives, and minimising the impact of the disaster.

Diversity of Long-tailed Macaque Food Trees (Macaca fascicularis) at The Tapos National Park Management Resort Area, Mount Gede Pangrango National Park

: Long-tailed macaque (LTM) are arboreal primates which have an ecological function as seed dispersers and as controllers of insect populations in their habitat. LTM populations were found in the Tapos National Park Management Resort forest area, MGPNP. The existence of food trees greatly influences the existence and activity of LTM, so knowledge about the diversity of LTM food trees in the Tapos National Park Management Resort area is very important to do. This research aims to determine the level of species dominance in the plant community and diversity of LTM food trees in the Pasir Koja and Pasir Beunyeng Forest Blocks, Tapos Management Resort Area. Data collection on LTM food trees was carried out using the grid line method of vegetation analysis. Data processing was carried out by calculating the importance value index (IVI) of food tree vegetation and calculating the diversity index (H') of food tree species. The results showed that the highest IVI value in the Pasir Koja forest block was Bamboo (Bambusa sp.) with a value of 106.76%, while Ki acret (Spathodea campanulata) had the lowest IVI value of 10.65%. Meanwhile, the highest IVI value in the Pasir Beunyeng forest block was Kaliandra (Calliandra surinamensis) with an IVI of 166.60%, while reed bamboo (Gigantochloa atter) had the lowest IVI value of 17.62%. The food tree species diversity index in the Pasir Koja and Pasir Beunyeng forest blocks is categorized as low.

VARIATION IN THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF NATURAL LOWLAND FORESTS AT BODOGOL, GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

An analysis of the composition and structure of lowland natural forests was carried out in Bodogol, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP). The two study plots (P1CS and P2CS) were located on Cisuren and one plot (P3CP) on Cipadaranten hill. We recorded 107 species and 48 families with an average basal area of 19.73 m2/ha, and an average density of 348 trees/ha. The species richness was poorer than those of the typical lowland rainforests of Kalimantan and Sumatra but comparable to those of the montane forests of Java. The IUCN-Red Listed species were Castanopsis argentea and Castanopsis tungurrut (critical) and Saurauia bracteosa (vulnerable). Based on the two dominant species, the forests can be designated as the Maesopsis eminii-Syzygium acuminatissimum association and Syzygium acuminatissimum-Lithocarpus korthalsii association. Maesopsis eminii was dominant in P1CS (IV= 56.46%) and P3CP (IV=55.94%), while Syzygium acuminatissimum in P2CS (IV= 43.67%). Maesopsis eminii was a strongly aggressive and invasive species, that endangered the purity of the natural forest GGPNP, therefore, it must be eradicated. Vertically, P2CS and P3CP consisted of four strata, while P1CS had three strata. This one-hectare study can be considered as a minimal area to reflect the floristic representation of lowland forest and submontane forest.

Naturalized Alien Plant as Traditional Medicine Resources: A Study from Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, West Java

Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, with Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park as the core zone area, has an enormous number of naturalized alien species spread within it. There are 88 alien plant species, and more than 50% are utilized for many purposes. This research documented the utilization of these naturalized alien plant species, particularly for traditional medicine. Data were obtained by interviewing 90 respondents in three locations around Cibodas Biosphere Reserve using questionnaire sheets. The questionnaire used the Index Cultural Significance framework to quantify the value of every species for traditional medicine. The results showed that the community used 41 naturalized alien plant species from 15 families. Asteraceae is the family with the most widely used species and has various medicinal benefits. The most frequently treated health problems are anti-inflammatory, dental and oral health, and fever. ICS value showed that the utilization rate is low, yet these plants have promising properties as sources of natural medicine. Moreover, the utilization of these alien plants can be an option in controlling these species to prevent the invasion of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Keywords: alien plant species, Cibodas Biosphere Reserve, Index Cultural Significance, invasion risk, medicinal plant

Photographic evidence of dholes in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia.

For many years the dhole was believed to have been undetected in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP). Yet in 2012 and 2013, we were able to photograph this elusive creature. We report the photographic evidence of the endangered dhole (Cuon alpunus) using camera trap di GGPNP.

Correlation of Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papillionoidea) With Flowering Plant In The Bodogol Nature Conservation Education Center, Mount Gede Pangrango

Correlation of Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papillionoidea) With Flowering Plant In The Bodogol Nature Conservation Education Center, Mount Gede Pangrango