Gateway Module Research Articles

A predictive model of Lunar Gateway molecular outgassing and plume-induced contamination

The Gateway space station will operate both as a lunar outpost and a hub for space exploration missions in support of a long-term human presence on the Moon, and is under development by NASA in collaboration with ESA, CSA, JAXA, and international commercial partners. Gateway will experience induced molecular contamination from sources including materials outgassing, venting, and the nominal operation of its chemical and electric propulsion systems. The degradation effects of molecular contamination on spacecraft are well-documented and understood, and predictive modeling tools have been developed to aid in the mitigation of such contamination effects in the mission design phase. Therefore, the Gateway Induced Environments and Thermal teams have worked with JPL Contamination Control to develop modular simulation tools for the prediction of molecular contaminant depositions across the mission life, and for use in requirements derivation and sensitivity assessments. Free-molecular transport and deposition of outgassing products onto sensitive Gateway receiver surfaces is calculated using a viewfactor matrix approach, while International Space Station (ISS)-heritage bipropellant plume models are used to evaluate contaminant fluxes generated by the operation of thrusters on Gateway modules and the Orion spacecraft. The alteration of optical properties, e.g. the solar absorptance, of contaminated surfaces is likewise calculated using an ISS-heritage semi-empirical model premised on flight and laboratory testing data. This framework is intended to support early identification of potential integration issues and establish a baseline for incorporating improved analysis and test data as the Gateway design matures.

The Safety Monitoring System of University Laboratory Based on Cloud Platform

The unified laboratory fire monitoring system aims to centrally monitor laboratory environmental data across the province or even the country, perceive real-time changes in the laboratory's internal environment, accurately assess fire risks, and take timely disaster relief measures. In addition, once a fire occurs in the laboratory, an alarm message can be issued in a timely manner, which can better extinguish the fire in a timely manner to reduce losses or automatically take fire extinguishing measures to avoid the occurrence of a fire. For this purpose, this article designs a cloud platform university laboratory security monitoring system based on ZigBee. This system can monitor the temperature, humidity, and smoke concentration in laboratory rooms of different colleges and universities, and conduct safety monitoring of the rooms. When the monitoring values exceed the safety range, real-time alarms will be given. This system consists of four parts: terminal data acquisition module, ZigBee coordinator, ESP8266 wireless gateway communication module, OneNET cloud platform, and third-party web application. The system collects monitoring data in the laboratory through various sensors and wirelessly transmits the data to the cloud through ZigBee networking. The cloud then transmits the data to the web, thereby achieving real-time monitoring and alerting of the security situation in each laboratory. This article provides a human-machine interaction page on the local web end and a cloud platform monitoring interface. The effectiveness of the system is verified by the measured data validation.

Guest editorial: Application of cloud energy storage systems in power systems

Guest editorial: Application of cloud energy storage systems in power systems

Chain-Net: An Internet-inspired Framework for Interoperable Blockchains

Blockchain has introduced new opportunities with the potential to enhance systems and services across diverse application domains. Fundamental characteristics of blockchains such as immutability, decentralisation, transparency and traceability have a profound role in this. However, integration with contemporary systems and among disparate blockchain-based applications is a non-trivial challenge primarily due to differences with respect to platforms, consensus mechanism, and governance. Although this challenge has received some attention from the research community, it requires careful analysis to analyse existing work and ascertain gaps to achieve effective and efficient solution to this challenge. This article presents a thorough systematic review of existing research within blockchain interoperability highlighting significant contributions. Leveraging this analysis, the article presents an internet-inspired framework (Chain-Net) to facilitate interoperability within blockchain-based systems whereby two systems within independent Blockchain networks can securely exchange data with each other. This is achieved by using gateway module at each network. This module is a lightweight node registered by the Blockchain network, equipped with discovery service to lookup a target blockchain, and is responsible for forwarding cross-chain transactions to gateway module at the target blockchain. Gateway module plays a vital role in the Chain-Net model, as it holds a cross-chain transaction in a pending state until a confirmation is received from the target blockchain, thus maintaining the record integrity between the two chains. The article presents our efforts to evaluate the proposed blockchain interoperability framework against success criteria based on our analysis of the blockchain interoperability challenge.

Machine Learning Approach for Smart Distribution Transformers Load Monitoring and Management System

Distribution transformers are an integral part of the power distribution system network and emerging smart grids. With the increasing dynamic service requirements of consumers, there is a higher likelihood of transformer failures due to overloading, feeder line faults, and ineffective cooling. As a consequence, their general longevity has been diminished, and the maintenance efforts of utility providers prove inadequate in efficiently monitoring and detecting transformer conditions. Existing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) metering points are sparsely allocated in the network, making fault detection in feeder lines limited. To address these issues, this work proposes an IoT system for real-time distribution transformer load monitoring and anomaly detection. The monitoring system consists of a low-cost IoT gateway and sensor module which collects a three-phase load current profile, and oil levels/temperature from a distributed transformer network, specifically at the feeder side. The data are communicated through the publish/subscribe paradigm to a cloud IoT pipeline and stored in a cloud database after processing. An anomaly detection algorithm in the form of Isolation Forest is implemented to intelligently detect likely faults within a time window of 24 h prior. A mobile application was implemented to interact with the cloud database, visualize the real-time conditions of the transformers, and track them geographically. The proposed work can therefore reduce transformer maintenance costs with real-time monitoring and facilitate predictive fault analysis.

Development of a Laser Scanning Machining System Supporting On-the-Fly Machining and Laser Power Follow-Up Adjustment.

In this study, a laser scanning machining system supporting on-the-fly machining and laser power follow-up adjustment was developed to address the increasing demands for high-speed, wide-area, and high-quality laser scanning machining. The developed laser scanning machining system is based on the two-master and multi-slave architecture with synchronization mechanism, and realizes the integrated and synchronous collaborative control of the motion stage or robot, the galvanometer scanner, and the laser over standard industrial ethernet networks. The galvanometer scanner can be connected to the industrial ethernet topology as a node, via the self-developed galvanometer scanner control gateway module, and a “one-transmission and multiple-conversion” approach is proposed to ensure real-time ability and synchronization. The proposal of a laser power follow-up adjustment approach could realize real-time synchronous modulation of the laser power, along with the motion of the galvanometer scanner, which is conducive to ensuring the machining quality. In addition, machining software was developed to realize timesaving and high-quality laser scanning machining. The feasibility and practicability of this laser scanning machining system were verified using specific cases. Results showed that the proposed system overcame the limitation of working field size and isolation between the galvanometer scanner controller with the stage motion controller, and achieved high-speed and efficient laser scanning machining for both large-area consecutively and discontinuously arrayed patterns. Moreover, the integration of laser power follow-up adjustment into the system was conducive to ensuring welding quality and inhibiting welding defects. The proposed system paves the way for high-speed, wide-area, and high-quality laser scanning machining and provides technical convenience and cost advantages for customized laser-processing applications, exhibiting great research value and application potential in the field of material processing engineering.

Adaptive control and management of multiple nano‐grids in an islanded dc microgrid system

AbstractThis paper presents an adaptive control framework for the flexible and effective management and control of clustered DC nano‐grids (NGs) in an islanded DC microgrid system. It is assumed that each NG contains a photovoltaic (PV) system, a battery energy storage system (BESS), local loads, and a gateway (GW) module. Each NG has a hierarchical control system consisting of a decision‐making module and low‐level controllers. The decision‐making module ensures various desirable features including plug‐and‐play operation of NGs, maximum utilization of PV power generations, and avoiding state of charge (SoC) violation of batteries. Moreover, an adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) strategy is proposed to regulate the voltage of the NG local DC buses in the presence of non‐linear loads. This approach improves the performance of the NG voltage control system and reduces the current ripples of BESSs, thereby enhancing the lifetime of the batteries. In addition, a smart switching consensus‐based control strategy is designed that provides flexible power sharing among the NGs to balance the SoC of BESSs in which the BESSs altogether imitate the behaviour of a single cloud energy storage system (ESS). Finally, the performance of the proposed control system is verified by simulating the DC microgrid in MATLAB/Simulink.

Modeling of Legal Protection of Network Broadcasting Right of Sports Events Based on Data Technology

In order to avoid the influence of uncertain factors on the network broadcasting of sports events, a legal protection model of network broadcasting right of sports events based on data technology is proposed. Based on the network broadcasting right of sports events itself, this paper analyzes the subject and object of the network broadcasting right of sports events, and establishes a “three-step” trial thinking model. Deploy the legal protection risk monitoring micro base station and integrate the data technology gateway module through data technology to complete the data collection of legal protection risk. After data standardization, establish the legal protection risk evaluation index system, obtain the comprehensive score of each risk index of sports events by using the principal component analysis method, and input data technology to realize the legal protection modeling of broadcasting rights. The experimental results show that this method has good risk prediction performance of legal protection of network broadcasting rights of sports events, the predicted value is almost consistent with the actual value, and has good protection effect.

IoT for Residential Monitoring Using ESP8266 and ESP-NOW Protocol

This research aims to create a cluster housing monitoring system. This system combines IoT with the ESP-NOW protocol. In this system, the head of security and homeowners can unify the state of the house through a web application and an android application. The system will send notifications via the web and the LINE messaging application if there is an intrusion or gas leak or no fire is detected. The contribution of this research is to shorten the path and time of data transmission and make it easier for homeowners and heads of security to monitor and take action as soon as possible when something goes wrong in the residential area. The method used in this research is experimental. There are 4 main parts to this system, namely ESP-NOW sender, ESP-NOW receiver, gateway module, and server. All microcontrollers in this system use the NodeMCU ESP8266 because the NodeMCU, apart from being a controller, also functions as a WiFi module. By using the ESP-NOW protocol, it is possible for every microcontroller, both the sender and the receiver, to communicate without using WiFi WAP. In this study, the ESP-NOW sender collected 10 installed in each house to unify the conditions of the house. The ESP-NOW receiver worked to receive data from all senders. Any data received by the receiver will be sent to the gateway serially. The gateway module functions to send all messages to the server online. Application on the server-side built using PHP and MySQL. The display of the system can be opened through the android application or web application. The results of this test indicate that the system is running well with a 100% success proportion where every message from the sender is stored on the server-side, and the application can provide notifications according to the scenario of the system.

Design of Large Monitoring System Based on Heterogeneous Network

In order to ensure the quality of tobacco products, it is necessary to strictly control the environment of tobacco during storage. In order to save manpower and material resources and realize accurate monitoring of the storage environment, a large-scale tobacco storage monitoring system based on heterogeneous network was designed. Combining the cross-regional characteristics of NB-IoT and low-frequency characteristics of LoRa, NB-IoT was used as a wide area network and LoRa as a subordinate local area network to form a two-layer network structure. Its structure includes sensor node and gateway node, and the gateway node is composed of LoRa gateway and NB-IoT module. This paper introduces the composition and working mode of each part in detail.

Design of Human-Computer Interaction Product Interface of Intelligent Service System based on User Experience

The current intelligent service platform for human-computer interaction products and services on the user experience is not comprehensive enough, resulting in user satisfaction cannot reach the ideal level. Therefore, a new human-computer interface of intelligent service system based on user experience is designed. Build a user experience based intelligent service system hardware platform, the introduction of the full name of hypertext markup language, so that more personalized design to be met. Design user experience PC terminal and Bluetooth/RS-485 gateway module to achieve two-way signal conversion between Bluetooth and RS-485. Based on ARM processor, the speech recognition of human-computer interaction is completed, the features of collected data are extracted, and the hand gesture recognition is completed. In order to optimize the human-computer interaction effect, Kinect is used to track and identify moving objects, and the 3D interactive image is simulated by fused texture. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher probability of receiving data, and the recognition rate of gesture features and recognition accuracy can reach more than 90%.

Flood Detection Control System Design Based on SMS Gateway

Flood concern everybody in every flood area. It makes the researchers interest to take the research about flood detection system, especially in rivers by using mobile phone facilities. The procedure of this tool is if the flood rise due to overflow of the river, then the river guard will receive SMS to tell the people to anticipate the flood by sounding the alarm until the entire riverbank area. This SMS delivery is via connection to telecommunications network using SMS gateway module. This tool can be used as a flood emergency which is installed at river location points where sensors and control devices are permanently installed. This research has been successful and has been well tested in its implementation.

A Hybrid Approach for Seamless and Interoperable Communication in the Internet of Things

Reliable and resource-aware communication is a challenging task in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In these networks, seamless and interoperable communication among member devices is a challenging task that becomes more complex with the simultaneous communication of two or more devices with a centralized controller, that is, a cluster head or a gateway module. While addressing this challenge, existing approaches suffer from excessive packet collision, bandwidth consumption, packet loss, laten-cy, and unnecessary waiting for the TDMA slots. In this article, a hybrid communication approach is proposed to resolve most of the aforementioned challenges. Initially, a dynamic TDMA approach is presented to permit simultaneous and interoperable communication among multiple devices and their controller modules. The proposed approach allocates a variable number of time-slots to the IoT devices. For the time-slot allocation, an enhanced RTS/CTS mechanism is devised to allow seamless communication with a minimum possible latency, waiting time and bandwidth consumption. A case study of the proposed approach in a real-world IoT scenario is also presented. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

An IoT-Based Water Level Detection System Enabling Fuzzy Logic Control and Optical Fiber Sensor

The usage of wireless sensors has become widespread for the collection of data for various Internet of Things (IoT) products. Specific wireless sensors use optical fiber technology as transmission media and lightwave signals as carriers, showing the advantages of antielectromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, and strong reliability. Hence, their application in IoT systems becomes a research hotspot. In this article, multiple optical fiber sensors are constructed as an IoT detection system, and a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) communication stack is used for the sensor module. Furthermore, design of gateway module, data server, and monitoring module is established in order to run the data server in the Windows system and communicate across the network segments. Furthermore, the optical fiber sensor is connected to the development board with WiFi, meanwhile considering the optical fiber wireless network’s congestion problem. The fuzzy logic concept is introduced from the perspective of cache occupancy, and a fiber sensor’s network congestion control algorithm is proposed. In the experiment, the IoT detection system with multiple optical fiber sensors is used for water level detection, and the sensor’s real-time data detected by the User Interface (UI) are consistent with the feedback results. The proposed method is also compared with the SenTCP algorithm and the CODA algorithm, and it was observed that the proposed network congestion control algorithm based on the fuzzy logic can improve network throughput and reduce the network data packet loss.

Optimization and Simulation of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor

With the acceleration of urbanization, the problems in urban construction are becoming increasingly prominent, especially in air pollution. In order to deal with a series of problems brought by urbanization, the state has formulated the strategic layout of smart city construction. As an important measure and practice for the development of smart city, atmospheric environment monitoring is the premise of controlling atmospheric environment problems and plays a great role in environmental protection. The traditional automatic atmospheric environment monitoring station has complex structure, expensive price, and harsh working conditions, which is difficult to be popularized throughout the country. Aiming at the problems of poor expansibility and low intelligence of atmospheric environment monitoring system, an atmospheric environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is proposed. The system designs sensor module, networking module, gateway module, and monitoring interface, studies the accuracy of data collected by the system and the coverage of wireless sensor network, filters the environmental data collected by the sensor module, optimizes the layout of networking module by using improved virtual force algorithm, and finally tests the system. The experimental results show that the system realizes the remote monitoring of temperature, humidity, air pressure, and PM2.5 data, and the monitoring data is real and reliable. The improved virtual force algorithm improves the coverage of wireless sensor networks. Comparing the data collected by the system with the monitoring data of the cause control station, the average relative errors of PM2.5 and other particle parameters and NOx and other gas parameters monitored by the system are 3.81% and 3.48%, respectively; the system can be widely used in various environmental monitoring fields.

Implementing a digital infrastructure for the lab using a central laboratory server and the SiLA2 communication standard.

In this report, a fully integrated solution for laboratory digitization is presented. The approach presents a flexible and complete integration method for the digitally assisted workflow. The worker in the laboratory performs procedures in direct interaction with the digitized infrastructure that guides through the process and aids while performing tasks. The digital transformation of the laboratory starts with standardized integration of both new and “smart” lab devices, as well as legacy devices through a hardware gateway module. The open source Standardization in Lab Automation 2 standard is used for device communication. A central lab server channels all device communication and keeps a database record of every measurement, task and result generated or used in the lab. It acts as a central entry point for process management. This backbone enables a process control system to guide the worker through the lab process and provide additional assistance, like results of automated calculations or safety information. The description of the infrastructure and architecture is followed by a practical example on how to implement a digitized workflow. This approach is highly useful for – but not limited to – the biotechnological laboratory and has the potential to increase productivity in both industry and research for example by enabling automated documentation.

Design and Application of Special Sensors and Internet of Things (IoT)-based Wireless System for Agricultural Information Monitor

Efficient and accurate monitoring of agricultural information is the basis of implementing precision agriculture and improving agricultural productivity. In order to monitor agricultural production information comprehensively, accurately and in real time, an agricultural information monitoring system based on Internet of things (IoT) was developed, which could realize online collection and intelligent management of agricultural information. The system is composed of three layers: perception layer, network layer and application layer. The perception layer consists of various agricultural special sensors, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag module, ultrahigh frequency RFID read/write device and other measurement modules. The network layer is composed of several ZigBee wireless communication nodes, gateway modules, coordinator modules and remote servers. The application layer includes information application system and user terminal. Sensors were developed and connected by wireless networking technology, and the sensor data was gathered and transmitted to the server terminal in real-time. Mobile terminal system was developed synchronously. The system could be applied to various agricultural scenes, such as field crops, animal husbandry, and has the characteristics of high scalability, intelligence, easy to management and use.

Bringing IoT to the Lab: SiLA2 and Open-Source-Powered Gateway Module for Integrating Legacy Devices into the Digital Laboratory

In this article a gateway module to integrate legacy laboratory devices into the network of the digital laboratory in the 21st century is introduced. The device is based on ready to buy consumer hardware that is easy to get and inexpensive. Depending on the specific requirements of the desired application (bare embedded computer, RS232 serial port connector, IP65 certified casing and connectors) the needed investment ranges from about 95 € up to 200 €. The embedded computer runs an open source Linux operating system and can in principle be used to run any kind of software needed for communicating with the laboratory device. Here the open source SiLA2 standard is used for presenting the device’s functions in the network. As an example the digital integration of a magnetic stirrer is shown and can be used as a template for other applications. A method for easy remote integration of the device to ensure an easy and consistent workflow in development, testing and usage is also presented. This incorporates a method for remote installation of SiLA2 servers on the box as well as a web frontend for administration, debugging and management of those.

Resilient Model Predictive Control (RMPC) Technique Based Induction Motor Monitoring and Control using Labview

Nowadays induction motor is the most popular type of motor for industrial applications. The main advantage of the induction motor is its straightforward rotor construction leading to low cost, hard work, and low maintenance requirements. This work presents a remote control and monitoring the electrical and mechanical faults of an induction motor based on Labview for safe and economic data communication in industrial fields. In this work, the utilization of the Resilient Model Predictive Control (RMPC) to tackle the electrical and mechanical issue in an induction motor is proposed. This strategy allows for synchronization and active fault detection for the important and exclusion of a particular setting. Different importance levels of different control models of performance are evaluated. We continuously monitor technical motor parameters such as the sensor's peak timing, increment duration, peak overflow, and the load current and voltage relaxation error in an induction motor. The measured values are then sent to the processing unit, which displays the processing and displaying parameters that the Gateway module communicates with the Gateway module to send information to the remote monitoring cloud. The system also presents automatic and manual control methods to stop or start the induction motor using Lab view to avoid system failure. The applicability of the proposed framework is to use MATLAB in the creation of simulation results and experiments to approve MATLAB2017a programming and its execution evaluation results show that under actual operating conditions.

Intelligent Internet of Things gateway supporting heterogeneous energy data management and processing

AbstractThe requisition for electrical energy, smart grid, and renewable energy paradigm extend a new space for Electrical Energy Data Management and Processing Systems (EEDMS), in such a way that can mitigate the consumption of electrical energy. Similarly, the implementation and maintenance of the EEDMS is a challenging task. Moreover, the heterogeneous energy data generated from residential and commercial sector are the leading challenges for standard Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. This contributes enormous energy data preprocessing and analyzing solutions to IoT landscape. To overcome these challenges, we present a scalable multitasking Internet of Things Gateway (IoTGW) for the modern era of IoT by placing reliance on a new entity called Data Loading and Storing Module (DLSM). The provided DLSM module combine with the Gateway module services like orchestrator, flexibility of bridging front end grid, back end grid and fast formatted data trade between sensing domain and application domain enables a high dynamic distributed framework. Specifically, we add Adaboost‐Multilayer Perceptron hybrid data classifier module to the proposed work to enhance service provision of IoT gateway toward various IoT application services and protocols to facilitate IoT demands such as multitasking, interoperability, classification, and fast data delivery between different modules. IoTGW is implemented and tested using a real‐time IoT data streaming network. The experimental results confirms the superiority of proposed work in terms of scalability to serve novel applications and facilitate broad scope of IoT.