Gastrointestinal Tract Parasites Research Articles

Helminths and Coccidia of Markhor (Capra falconeri) in Kazinag National Park, Jammu and Kashmir, India

A coprological analysis was carried out from October 2016 to September 2019 to determine the prevalence and associated determinants of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites in Markhor Capra falconeri of Kazinag National Park, India. Fecal floatation and sedimentation technique revealed 150 pellet samples out of 248 pellet samples were positive for one or more parasites. Out of 248 pellet samples 147 (9.27%) were found positive for helminth and three (1.20%) were positive for protozoan. In this study six helminth species were detected, including five nematodes, one cestode and a protozoan: Haemonchus spp. (27.30%), Ostertagia spp. (11.15%), Trichuris spp. (5%), Chabertia spp.(4.23%), Cooperia spp. (3.07%), Moniezia spp. (1.15%), and Eimeria spp. (1.15%). The egg per gram (epg) of pellets was recorded highest for Haemonchus spp. (1500-2000 ± 210) followed by Ostertagia spp. (820-930 ± 55), Trichuris spp. (660-850 ± 80) Chabertia spp. (600-750 ± 86), Cooperia spp. (800-1200 ± 158) and Moniezia spp. (320-450 ± 42). Mixed infections were recorded in15samples. The cyst per gram for Eimeria spp. was found to be (320-562 ± 97). Highest prevalence of parasite egg/cystin pellets was recorded during summer season (70.42%) followed by autumn (58.73%) and least prevalence was recorded in winter (51.47%), with significant variation in prevalence. It is the pioneering study on this wild goat in the study area and the findings can assist to devise the appropriate control measures and prophylactic strategies against the GIT parasites of Markhor (Capra falconeri).

The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites from Beef Cattle on Sumedang Regency, Indonesia

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are common parasitic agents of cattle across the world, causing both clinical and subclinical parasitism that causes massive financial losses. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites in cattle in Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Between October and November 2022, 105 cattle had been chosen at random. The sex, breed, age, frequent deworming, cleaning frequency, and management system of each beef cattle were recorded. Fecal samples were obtained through rectum from the selected animals and submitted to flotation and sedimentation procedures. Overall, the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites was 47.62% (95% CI = 0.3791−0.5733). Strongyle-type eggs (STE), Strongyloides spp., Trichuris sp., Moniezia spp., Fasciola sp., and Paramphistomum sp. ova were found. 38.09% of the total samples were positive for Strongyle eggs infection and commonly seen in single infections, followed by Eimeria spp. infection. Mixed infections were found in 25 cattle, with double to multiple parasite infections. As a result, it was determined that beef cattle in Sumedang Regency in Indonesia were infected with a variety of gastrointestinal helminth parasites. Thus, frequent anthelmintic treatment, excellent management techniques, and public education about helminth parasites are critical.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Tract Parasites in Small Ruminants in and around Jaja Town, Melka Belo Woreda Of East Haraghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

INTRODUCTION: Parasitic diseases are global problem and effects are more pronounced, in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular due to the availability of a wide range of agro-ecological factors suitable for diversified hosts and parasite species. Common abdominal parasites of livestock are coccidia species of phylum protozoa. Trematodes belong to flukes, nematodes commonly called roundworms, cestodes famous on tapeworms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from May, 2023 to August, 2023 to determine the prevalence and to identify gastrointestinal tract parasites from fecal samples collected from goats and sheep in and around Jaja town and to identify the parasitic fauna circulating in the study area. RESULTS: In the present study a total 384 small ruminants (322 goats and 62 sheep) were examined for prevalence of gastrointestinal tract parasites coprological examination there was an overall prevalence of 81.51% (313/384). The gastrointestinal tract parasites infection was more prevailing in female (83.41%) than male (78.71%) in case of sex, in adult (83%) than young (78.83%) in case of age, in sheep (85.5%) than goats (80.75%) in case of species, Statistically significant difference were recorded (OR=1.85231, CI=1.204293-2.849005, P=0.005) between body conditions and the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract parasite infection and Dhagaya Belo (97.5%) followed by Makanisa (88.75%), Jaja Town (79.9), Ifabas (77.5%) and Tokuma Jalala (70%) in case of Address. CONCLUSIONS: In the study area indicates gastrointestinal tract parasites the most impairments of small ruminants. Statistically there were no significance difference between address, species, sex, age and the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract parasite infection. The majority of small ruminants were infected with one, two or three genera of the same or different gastrointestinal tract parasites.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Tract Parasites in Dairy Cattle in Tehsil Gagra District Buner Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites pose a significant threat to dairy cattle health, affecting both animal welfare and agricultural productivity. In regions like Tehsil Gagra, District Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, where dairy farming is a crucial part of the economy, understanding the prevalence and types of these parasites is essential. The potential zoonotic impact of these parasites also raises concerns for human healthcare, emphasizing the importance of a One Health approach. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cattle in Tehsil Gagra, District Buner, and to understand their implications for animal health, agricultural practices, and potential zoonotic risks to human health. Methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted from July 2021 to July 2022. A total of 150 fecal samples from dairy cattle were collected and examined at the Veterinary Research and Disease Investigation Center, District Swat, and the Department of Zoology, University of Buner. The samples were tested using direct smear, sedimentation, and sugar flotation methods. The study also considered environmental factors and seasonal variations in its analysis. Results: Of the 150 samples examined, 99 (66%) were positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Nematodes were the most prevalent (51.33%), followed by Protozoa (12%), Trematodes (2%), and Cestodes (0.67%). The most common parasitic species identified were Trichostrongylus (24.67%), Ostertagia ostertagi (22.67%), and Eimeria bovis (8%). Area-wise, Rega showed the highest prevalence at 80%, while Gagra recorded 46.67%. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of GI parasites in dairy cattle in Tehsil Gagra, District Buner, emphasizing the need for improved veterinary care and farm management practices. The results highlight the importance of regular parasite control measures and suggest potential zoonotic risks, underscoring the necessity for integrated animal and human health approaches.

Diversity, prevalence and risk factors associated to gastrointestinal tract parasites in wild and domestic animals from Pakistan.

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals contains various helminth parasites, responsible for subclinical and clinical parasitism. The health situation of animals is seriously affected by these parasites and leads massive financial losses for the livestock trade. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of GIT parasites in small and large ruminants of Mardan district and zoo animals of Golden Life Safari Park Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 419 fecal samples were collected including 117 from goats, 110 from cattle, 80 from sheep, 66 from buffaloes, 40 from birds, four from deer, and two from leopards. The fecal samples were subjected to sedimentation and floatation to identify parasite eggs. Of a total of 419 fecal samples, 215 (51.31%) were found positive for GIT parasites eggs. The prevalence of GIT parasites was high in sheep (65%), followed by goats (62.39%), cattle (42.70%), and buffaloes (37.87%). In birds, GIT parasite eggs were identified in 11 (45.83%) and 7 (43.75%) fecal samples of Pheasant and Peacock, respectively. However, an absence of infection was noted in fecal samples from deer and leopards. Eggs of GIT Parasites belonging to one superfamily and four different genera were recognized in fecal samples of domestic animals and buffaloes, which were Trichostrongyloidea (19.81%), Strongyloides (9.31%), Trichuris (7.77%), Monezia (6.44%), and Fasciola (4.53%). For bird, the coccidia group comprises the highest representation of parasites (2.63%), followed by the Trichuris genus (1.67%). Settlement, management system, anthelminthic medications and body condition score were significantly associated with the occurrence of GIT parasites in feces (P < 0.05). Animals from rural settlements, rearing under poor management systems, with thin (poor) body condition and under warmed were more affected by GIT parasites. The diversity and the high prevalence of GIT parasites reported in this study highlights the urgent need for intervention through treatment and modification of management practices in the investigated areas of Pakistan.

219 Identification of Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Responsible for Alternative Splicing Affecting Gastrointestinal Nematodes Resistance in Grazing Sheep

Abstract Sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) can show weight loss, anemia, diarrhea, decrease appetite, and hypoproteinemia, which can sometimes lead to death. These signs of infection decrease productivity and cause economic losses. Economic losses can also be associated with treatment without efficacy due to GIN resistance to most anthelmintic classes. Combined approaches need to be used to reduce the reliance on anthelmintic as the only control method to GIN. The aim of this study is the identification of potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for alternate splicing in Rideau X Dorset crossbred sheep with different immune profiles using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). Animals were exposed to GIN while grazing, after that those with the greatest and least gastrointestinal tract parasite burdens were selected for liver RNA extracting. These animals can be separated into groups of high (H; n = 5) and medium (M; n = 6) innate immune responses. In addition, liver RNA was extracted for GIN-unexposed control lambs (U; n = 4). RNA-Seq analysis was performed using the CLC genomics workbench software, version 20.0.4 (CLC Bio, Aarhus, Denmark). Quality control analyses, including guanine-cytosine (GC) content, ambiguous base content, Phred score, base coverage, nucleotide contributions, and over-represented sequences parameters, were performed on fastq files. Sequence reads were aligned to the annotated Oar_rambouillet_v.1 (release 109) ovine reference genome. After filtering steps, mRNA isoforms with multiple (³ 2) expressed mRNA isoforms with at least one mRNA isoform differently expressed (DE) between H- and M-innate immune response and GIN-unexposed control groups (FDR &amp;lt; 0.05 and |FC| &amp;gt; 2) were keep. A total of 1, 75, and 58 DE mRNA isoforms were identified for M versus H, U versus M, and U versus H comparisons, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analysis including the biological process, molecular function, and cellular component GO categories and metabolic pathways analysis were performed using STRING-db software. Enriched biological processes and metabolic pathways related to the immune system, as well as cholesterol and other sterol metabolism (e.g., sterol biosynthesis, steroid metabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, drug metabolism, and terpenoid biosynthesis) were identified (FDR &amp;lt; 0.05). Next, the list of DE mRNA isoforms identified will be deeply studied by performing SNP discovery analysis to validate if specific functional SNPs are responsible for the alternative splicing affecting GIN resistance in grazing sheep. The complete results will help to better understand the biological mechanisms that may be regulating the immune response to GIN. Candidate functional SNPs have the potential to be included in a commercial SNP panel for selection of more resistant animals to improve GIN resistance in sheep flocks.

General knowledge and practice of household dog owners regarding gastrointestinal parasites in Cebu, Philippines.

Canine gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites are of public health and veterinary concern and are harmful to both humans and animals. The risk of transmitting GIT parasites can be minimized depending on dog owners' knowledge and management practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dog owners' general knowledge and practices regarding GIT parasites. A structured questionnaire containing 10-point Likert statements was administered to 130 respondents in Cebu, Philippines, to obtain information about their profile (age, sex, civil status, and educational attainment) and data regarding their home environment, number of dogs and other pets owned, and their knowledge and practices regarding canine GIT parasites. These respondents had previously provided canine stool samples for fecalysis. Most respondents were female (65.4%), 18-24 years old (55.4%), single (71.5%), and educated to college level (49.2%). Housing styles were mostly gated (76.9%), and >50% had a garden. The majority owned 1-3 dogs (56.9%) and did not own any other pets (73.8%). All knew about canine GIT parasites. There was a significant association between GIT parasite positivity in dogs and the owner's sex (p = 0.005). Gastrointestinal parasite positivity was also associated with the owner's knowledge about the transmission of parasites from the mother's milk to her puppies (p = 0.001), canine intestinal parasites potentially causing weight loss, diarrhea, and vomiting (p = 0.001), and dogs potentially becoming infected with parasites from licking or sniffing the soil or grass where other animals have been (p = 0.005). Moreover, there was a significant association between GIT parasite positivity and the owner's practice of daily cleaning of the areas where the dog defecated (p = 0.001), deworming every 6-12 months (p = 0.001), and unfailingly following the vaccination and deworming schedule (p = 0.006). Finally, the summative knowledge and practice level of the owners were significantly associated with GIT parasite positivity (p = 0.001). This study highlights the need for continuous education of dog owners to maintain good knowledge and practices to prevent GIT parasite infection. Frequent deworming (once a month) of adult dogs is recommended.

Infeksi Parasit Gastrointestinal pada Kambing (Capra aegagrus hircus) di Desa Rajabasa Lama Kabupaten Lampung Timur

In developing countries such as Indonesia, the health of small ruminants such as goats is not given much attention because the medical costs are very high, it causing a farmer to prefer to sell their livestock, even though at relatively low prices if there are signs of infection, one of which is due to parasitic diseases. This research was carried out in the village of Rajabasa Lama. The study was conducted using a descriptive method by collecting feces from the goat pens in that area using native methode and sugar floatation method Furthermore, the examination was carried out using a native test and fecal floating examination using a fluid sugar medium. The results of the examination of gastrointestinal tract parasites that were found included parasites from the protozoan Entamoeba sp. and Eimeria sp. and also parasites from the Trematoda family, the eggs of the worm Fasciola sp.. Eimeria sp. is a parasite that quite often infects ruminants, including goats. This study showed that goats in Rajabasa Lama Village had gastrointestinal parasite infections including Eimeria sp., Entamoeba sp., Fasciola sp. worm eggs, and Trichuris sp. eggs.

Ovine gastrointestinal parasite burden and the impact of strategic anthelmintic treatment in community-based breeding sites in Ethiopia.

In Ethiopia, small ruminants contribute significantly to livelihoods and food security but productivity is low with high disease burden and essential endoparasite control not widely practiced. The current study assessed worm burden and its control in three districts in Ethiopia. All sheep older than 3 months in nine villages were treated en-masse with albendazole and triclabendazole twice a year from 2018 to 2021. Treatments were administered under field conditions by animal health workers. Pre- and post-treatment data were assessed looking at fecal egg presence/absence and fecal egg per gram (EPG) count. A total of 1,928 and 735 sheep were examined before and after deworming, respectively. Before treatment worms were detected in 54.4% (95% CI: 52.2-56.6) of sheep. Strongylid (30.4%) and Fasciola (18.2%) were the most frequently identified parasites. Animals living in wet mid-highland environments were more than 23 times more likely to have strongylid eggs in their feces and 5 times more likely to have eggs from any gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites detected, as compared to animals living in moist highland agro-ecology. Over the course of the 2018-2021 community intervention there was total elimination of animals with a high worm burden (EPG > 1,500), and elimination of a third of those with moderate infections. Mild infections remained, largely accounted for by strongylid, which remains at low levels in healthy sheep. However, there were signs of emerging drug resistance. Generally, sheep in smallholder systems in Ethiopia experience a needlessly large economic burden from GIT worms. Routine therapy reduces this burden but smart strategies are needed to limit the onset of drug resistance.

Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle in and Around Hosanna Town, Southern Ethiopia.

Gastrointestinal parasites are ubiquitous parasitic agents of cattle all over the world, and cause both clinical and subclinical parasitism that results in significant financial losses. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and the risk variables related to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites in cattle in Hossana town and the nearby area. On a total of 400 faecal samples, a cross-sectional investigation with a random sampling technique was carried out utilizing a coprologic parasitological examination. Two hundred and sixty-nine (67.2%) of the 400 faecal samples analyzed had one or more gastrointestinal parasites. Of this, 163 (40.75%) cattle had two or more parasites while a single infection was recorded in 106 (26.5%) cattle. Mixed infection of Strongyle+Fasciola (14%) was found a higher prevalence followed by Strongyle+Paramphistomum (7.75%) as compared to other GIT parasite combination. Major classes of parasites recorded include Trematodes, Nematodes, Cestodes, and Protozoa. The major parasites observed were Strongyle type (18.25%), Paramphistomum (9.5%), Fasciola (8.25%), Toxocara (3.25%) and Eimeria (2.75%). Strongyle type eggs were the most predominant type of eggs identified while Trichuris (2.25%) and Moniezia (1.5%) were observed to have relatively lowprevalence. There was a high relationship between risk factors such as age, body condition, and management system with the prevalence of GIT parasites. The high frequency of GIT parasite infection in cattle in the research area necessitates the strategic deworming and effective management practices necessary for gastrointestinal parasite eradication.

"Gastrointestinal Tract Parasites of Camel in and Around Dire Dawa"

"Gastrointestinal Tract Parasites of Camel in and Around Dire Dawa"

Major Causes of Calf Morbidity and Mortality in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Shashemene Town, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality in smallholder dairy farms and associated potential risk factors in Shashemene. A total of 187 calves from 46 farms were included in the present study. The overall crude morbidity and crude mortality rates were 27.8% and 6.4%, respectively. The most frequent disease syndrome was diarrhea with incidence rate of 28(15%) followed by pneumonia 8(4.3%), Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder 8(4.3%) and septicemia 5(2.7%). In addition skin lesion, navel ill and unidentified cases were encountered. The main causes of death were diarrhea 6(3.2%), Septicemia 2(1.1%), GIT disorder 2(1.1%), pneumonia 1(0.5%) and others 1(0.5%). The most important risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality were housing hygiene, floor condition and calf size in farm. Out of 187 calves examined for GIT parasites; 63(33.3%) were positive for nematode eggs. Prevalence of helminthes parasite increased with increasing age, showing higher prevalence (P&lt;0.05) in calves above 2 months than in calves below 2 months of age. Besides, majority of the calves, 48(25.7%) were found positive for coccidian oocyst. In general; diarrhea, pneumonia and septicemia were the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Interms of risk factors housing hygiene, floor condition, calf size in the farms, age and breed were identified major role players. Therefore, identifying major causes and improving management practices and breed should be given to emphasis by advisory of smallholder dairy farms.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal and Urinary Tract Parasites Among Students of Isaac Jasper Boro College of Education Sagbama, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The prevalence of gastrointestinal and urinary tract parasites among students of Isaac Jasper Boro College of Education (IJBCOE), Bayelsa State was investiagted. Faecal and urine samples were collected from 273 presumably healthy students of the college. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory using sedimentation method for urine and formol-ether concentration method for the stool samples. A self-structured questionnaire was used to obtain some risk factors associated with the transmission of the parasites. Out of the 273 students investigated, 60 (22.0%), 31(11.4%) and 12(4.4%) were positive for gastrointestinal parasites, urinary tract parasites and coinfection of gastrointestinal and urinary tract parasites respectively. Entamoeba histolytica recorded the highest prevalence among the gastrointestinal parasites identified (62%), followed by Entamoeba coli (18.3%), Giardia lamblia (11.7%), Blastccytis homonis (5%), and Enterobius vermicularis (3.3%). Among the two urinary tract parasites identified, Trichomonas vaginalis was more prevalent (90.3%) while Schistosoma haematobium had 9.7%. More Female students (37.8%) were infected than males (25.7%) by gastrointestinal parasites. The age range prevalence for gastrointestinal parasites recorded 45%, 37.3%, 28.3% and 25% for 26 – 30 years, 16 – 20 years, 21 – 25 years, and 31 – 35 years respectively. Lack of awareness, consumption of faecal matter-contaminated food and water, poor sanitation, defaecation into drinking water sources were identified as risk factors for gastrointestinal parasites while engagement in unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners were recorded as risk factors for the transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis. Increased personal hygiene and sanitation, provision of toilet facilities and health education will mitigate the prevalence of the parasites in the study area.

Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Camels in the Tianshan Mountains Pastoral Area in China.

IntroductionGastrointestinal parasites are some of the most common pathogens which are seriously harmful to the camel’s health. The infection status of gastrointestinal parasites in camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the species and infection intensity of gastrointestinal tract parasites in local camels.Material and MethodsA total of 362 fresh faecal samples were collected and examined for parasite eggs using the saturated saline floating and natural sedimentation method. The parasite eggs were subjected to morphological and molecular examination and identification, and the infection rate and mean intensity of the parasites were analysed.ResultsA total of 15 gastrointestinal tract parasite species’ eggs were identified, with a detection rate of 100%. Ostertagia spp. (100%) and Trichostrongylus spp. (98.1%) were dominant. Camels were often coinfected by 5–14 species. The average number of eggs per gram of faeces was higher for Ostertagia spp. (298), Haemonchus contortus (176) and Nematodirus spp. (138). The number of species of parasites infecting young camels was significantly lower than that of adult camels, but the infection intensity in young camels was significantly higher.ConclusionGastrointestinal parasites were highly prevalent in camels from the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China. This finding provides important epidemiological data for the prevention and control of associated infections in camels.

Gastrointestinal parasites of domesticated duck (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758) in Chandragiri municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal

Intestinal parasitosis is one of the chief causes of health problems associated with domesticated and free-range ducks particularly in developing countries. Among the various health problems amoebiasis and helminthic infection are still significant among ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758) in Nepal. We report the status of intestinal parasitosis, particularly the prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal parasites of ducks reared in three different locations (Bishnu-Devi, Kanchan-Basti and Balambu) of Chandragiri Municipality from November 2016 to February 2017 using opportunistic random method. A total of 120 faecal samples collected in clean, dry and screw-capped plastic containers from six different locations were examined for the presence of parasites using formol-ether concentration method and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique, sodium chloride floatation and zinc sulphate sedimentation methods. Overall parasite positive rate was 81.67% (98/120). Positive rate of nematodes was highest (74.49%; 73/98) followed by cestodes (52.04%; 51/9) and protozoans (41.84%; 41/98) (P&lt;0.05). A total of 78 (65.00%) samples showed single infections and 20 (16.67%) samples showed mixed infection (χ2 = 5.55; P&lt;0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that locations were insignificantly associated with the infection by gastrointestinal tract parasites in the study areas. A total of eight (8) genera of parasites were identified which include two genera of protozoa, five genera of nematodes and one genera of cestodes. Of these, Ascaridia galli (21.67%) was found to have the highest prevalence and Isospora sp. (6.67%) to be the lowest. Gastrointestinal tract parasites were the major biological constraints contributing tothe low productivity of ducks and hampered the economic benefits obtained from the sector. Improvement of biosecurity measures for household duck farms through educating and motivating household farmers could help mitigate the effects of parasitic infection on production.&#x0D; Keywords: Duck, Nematode, Cestode, Kathmandu, Chandragiri

With An Investigation Of Gastrointestinal Tract Parasites In Some Turkey Farms Treatment Trials

One hundred faecal samples and buccal swabs were collected from 80 diseased and 20 healthy turkey birds in private farms (25 from each, 20 diseased and 5 heathy). Parasitological examination revealed that the infection rate among the diseased birds was 40% (32 out of 80), and 55% (11 out of 20) among the healthy birds. Single and mixed infections were 68.75%, 31.25%, 45.45% and 54.55% in diseased and health birds respectively. Ascaridia galli, Eimeria meleagrimitis and Tritrichomonas eberthi were the internal parasites identified in the study. Infected turkeys showed a significant decrease in RBCs, Hb, serum iron, calcium, sodium and potassium levels coupled with leucocytosis, lymphocytosis, heterophilia, eosinophilia, basophilia, and monocytosis compared with healthy turkeys group. Many pathological lesions in gastro-intestinal tracts were detected as well. Flubendazole, Toltrazuril and Metronidazole were the drugs which have 100% efficiency against the mentioned parasites and consequently lead to the improvement of the hematological and mineral picture as well as the pathological lesions.

Prevalence of parasites of wildlife in Yankari game reserve and Sumu wildlife park in Bauchi State, Nigeria

The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of parasites in Yankari Game Reserve and Sumu Wildlife Park in Bauchi State, Nigeria was investigated by analysis of blood, faeces and ticks collected from 106 wildlife including 4 elephants (Loxodonta africana), 11 waterbucks (Kobus ellipsiprymus), 1 hartbeest (Alcelaphus baselaphus caama), 24 elands (Taurotragus oryx), 53 zebras (Equus quagga crawshayi), 1 kudu (Tragelaphus streptsiceros) and 12 wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). Blood samples were examined for haemoparasites by classical parasitological techniques i.e Geimsa's stained thin, thick and buffy coat blood smear. Whereas faecal samples were examined for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites using floatation and sedimentation techniques while ticks were identified morphologically. Overall prevalence of haemoparasites was fifty six percent (56%). The identified haemoparasites were Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, Trypanosoma spp and Ehrlichia ruminantium. Haemoparasites identified alone or in combination with others had a significant (P &lt;0.05) effect on mean PCV of infected animals. Sixty percent (60%) of the wildlife species were infected with GIT parasites. Types of GIT parasites identified were two protozoans (Balantidium coli and Eimeria spp) and helminths from eighteen genera including ten nematodes (Strongyle type-egg, Dictyocaulus, Cooperia, Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Trichuris, Trichonema, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, and Ancylostoma), four Trematodes (Fasciola, Schistosoma, Paramphistomum and Gastrodiscus) and three Cestodes (Anoplocephala, Taenia and Moniezia. Four genera of ticks, Amblyomma, Boophilus, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus were identified on the wildlife species. Our findings indicated the presence of infective parasites in wildlife and potential risks of transmitting these parasites to in contact domestic animals and humans in the study area. Control measures should be focused on reducing parasitic infections by proper management of wildlife in the Game Reserves in Bauchi State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasites, Haemoparasites, Prevalence, Ticks, Wildlife

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasite on Cats in Shelter East Surabaya

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointesatinal parasites in cats at Surabaya shelter. Eighty two samples of cat feces used in this study were taken from Griya satwa shelter and Kiro cat shelter. Feces samples were examined using the native, sedimentation and floating methods. Feces samples gastrointestinal parasite were identified by using a microscope with 400x and 1000x magnifications. Faces samples that are diagnosed positively if there is at least one of the three methods. Feces samples has observed, obtained prevalence rate of 43.9% or 36 positive samples from eighty two samples. The results of chi square analysis showed that p &gt; 0.05, which showed that the parasites taken in the two shelters had clear differences in the prevalence of the gastrointestinal tract parasites. The parasites observed were Isospora sp., Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara cati and Toxocara leonina.

Prevalence of Major Gastrointestinal Tract Parasite of Cattle at Municipal Abattoir of Jimma Town, Oromia, South Western Ethiopia

Prevalence of Major Gastrointestinal Tract Parasite of Cattle at Municipal Abattoir of Jimma Town, Oromia, South Western Ethiopia

The detection of gastrointestinal parasites in owned and shelter dogs in Cebu, Philippines.

Background:Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites affect the health of dogs and may also be zoonotic. The prevalence of these parasites has been well studied in several countries, but reports in the Philippines have been limited.Aim:This study generally aimed to detect the presence of common GIT parasites in owned and shelter dogs in Cebu, Philippines.Materials and Methods:A total of 200 fecal samples (130 from owned dogs and 70 from shelter dogs) were collected. Profiles of owned dogs and their owners were obtained. Fecalysis was performed using three methods: Direct smear, sedimentation, and flotation techniques.Results:Majority of the sampled dogs were 5 years old and below that (79.2%), male (64.6%) and of pure breed (53.1%). Among the most common parasites detected were Ancylostoma, Trichuris and Toxocara spp. Statistical analyses revealed a significant association between the presence of parasites and the body score of the dogs (p=0.000), the deworming status (p=0.000), and the rearing practice (contact with other dogs, p=0.000, where it spends its time (p=0.000), plays in the grass (p=0.050), where it defecates (p=0.014), contact with other animals (p=0.000).Conclusion:GIT parasites were detected in owned and shelter dogs in Cebu, Philippines. The results of this study can serve as baseline information about the canine parasitic fauna in the Philippines.