Muscle Of Gastrointestinal Tract Research Articles

Effects of natural products on functional constipation: analysis of active ingredient and mechanism.

Constipation is a prevalent clinical ailment of the gastrointestinal system, yet its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities, they are insufficient in resolving the issue for patients. This work conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature pertaining to the utilization of natural products for the treatment of constipation, with a focus on the efficacy of natural products in treating constipation, and to provide a comprehensive summary of their underlying mechanisms of action. Upon conducting a thorough review of the extant literature, we found that natural products can effectively treat constipation as modern synthetic drugs and compounded drugs with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effects, rich in fiber and mucus, and the effects of increasing the tension of the ileum and gastrointestinal tract muscle, mediating signaling pathways, cytokine, excitability of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, and regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora. However, there is a wide variety of natural products, and there are still relatively few studies; the composition of natural products is complex, and the mechanism of action of natural products cannot be clarified. In the future, we need to further improve the detailed mechanism of natural products for the treatment of constipation.

Effect of Ceftriaxone on Isolated Smooth, Cardiac Muscles and Neuromuscular Junctions

The pharmacodynamic effect of ceftriaxone on smooth muscles was investigated in isolated organs. Maximum stimulation of isolated guinea pig\\\'s ileum, rabbit\\\'s duodenum and rat\\\'s fundic strip was achieved by addition of 1024 µg of ceftriaxone/ml bath. While in isolated rat\\\'s colon, it was achieved by 512 µg of ceftriaxone/ml bath. The effect of graded increased concentrations of ceftriaxone on isolated rat\\\'s uterine muscles was examined during various stages of sex cycle. Ceftriaxone in the tested concentrations produced a dose-dependant negative inotropic effect on isolated rabbit\\\'s heart and guinea pig\\\'s auricles. Ceftriaxone in all tested concentrations did not induce any effects on the resting tonus of isolated guinea pig\\\'s tracheal chain and rabbit\\\'s aortic strip. Neuromuscular blockade effect was investigated on isolated frog\\\'s gastrocnemius muscle and frog\\\'s rectus abdominis muscle preparation. It was concluded that, ceftriaxone directly stimulates the smooth muscles of gastrointestinal tract and depresses those of uterus as well as cardiac muscles. These findings indicated that ceftriaxone had scarcely any pharmacological properties which might be leading to severe adverse reactions in clinical use.

알기론 정(브롬화 시메트로피움 50 mg)에 대한 알피트 정의 생물학적 동등성

Cimetropium bromide, a quaternary ammonium compound which is chemically related to scopolamine, exhibits its antispasmodic activity by competing with acetylcholine for the muscarinic receptors of the smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract. The drug has been used for the treatment of various disorders involving spasms of the musculature of the gastrointestinal, biliary and genitourinary tracts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cimetropium bromide tablets, (Boehringer Ingelheim Korea Ltd.) and (Hana Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the prior and revised guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The cimetropium bromide release from the two cimetropium bromide tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty normal male volunteers, years in age and kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized cross-over study was employed. After three tablets containing 50 mg of cimetropium bromide per tablet were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cimetropium bromide in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two cimetropium bromide tablets were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using non-transformed and logarithmically transformed . The results showed that the differences in between two tablets based on the were 2.19%, -5.97% and 3.49%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences were less than 20% (e.g., 13.71 %, 19.05% and 15.11% for , respectively). The powers , were 97.79%, 83.22% and 95.60%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within (e.g., , respectively). There were no sequence effect between two tablets in logarithmically transformed . The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., , respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of prior and revised KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that tablet is bioequivalent to tablet.

Possible neuromadulatory of serotonin in the smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract

Possible neuromadulatory of serotonin in the smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract

Effect of narcotic analgesics on transmission of excitation in the spinal cord

Dopamine and phenylephrine decreased the tone of the smooth muscles of the isolated rat stomach strips in concentractions of 10(-6) M and higher. The curves of the concentration-effect have the same slope. Dopamine effects are unchanged in the presence of propranolole (5.10(-6) g/ml). Phentholamine (as well as dihydroergotamine and tropaphen) shows an equal degree of antagonism towards both phenylephrine and dopamine. It is suggested that dopamine and phenylephrine relax the stomach muscles by influencing the alpha-adrenoreceptors. The latter differe from alpha-adrenoreceptors of the ejaculatory duct of rats by a high sensitivity to the blocking influence of some neuroleptics--haloperidol, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, pA2 for which (8.11--8.64) is of the same range as pA2 for alpha-adrenolytic drugs (7.76--8.46). The features of resemblance and difference between alpha-adrenoreceptors of the gastrointestinal tract muscles and the inhibitory dopamine receptors of the nerve cells are being discussed.