Gastric Acid Research Articles

Biotechnological and microbiological aspects of development of capsule form for fecal microbiota transplantation

Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of freeze-drying the substance of monkey gut microbiota and the use of serial acid-tolerant capsules for the preparation of a finished form for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Materials and Methods: To prepare a liquid substance for fecal microbiota transplantation, monkey feces were homogenised in physiological solution, then centrifuged to obtain the supernatant, which was stabilised by adding 5% sucrose. The obtained suspension was poured into vials and frozen at -80 °C. After that, the substance was dried in Labconco's FreeZone 6 freeze-drying unit, crushed and filled into capsules using a PRESSORE 100 capsule machine. To protect the capsules from the acidic environment of the stomach, tests were carried out using barium sulphate. The capsules were examined radiologically by introducing them into the mouths of the animals and taking radiographs of the gastrointestinal tract in two projections. Molecular genetic studies were carried out according to the methodological instructions for working with nucleic acids. Intestinal suspensions of microbiota were prepared using sterile phosphate buffer. Nucleic acid extraction and PCR were performed using DNA-Sorb-B reagents and the COLONOFLOR-16 kit, with detection on a CFX-96 device. Results: The preparation of capsules for fecal microbiota transplantation requires a dry active substance of the microbiota. The lyophilisation process was carried out at -37°C for 32 hours. DR capsTM ACID-RESISTANT CAPSULES have been used to protect the active microbiota from gastric juice, but initial studies have shown poor protection. To improve protection, a new acid enzyme resistant capsule was developed that preserved the microbiota well in acidic medium and dissolved in alkaline medium. The study of the microbial composition by PCR with fluorescence detection confirmed that the number and composition of microorganisms remained unchanged after freeze-drying, indicating that their activity was preserved. Conclusion: Our own studies have shown that it is possible to freeze-dry the substance of the monkey gut microbiota and produce capsules with enterosolubilised shells suitable for targeted delivery in fecal microbiota transplantation.

Preparation of functional supplement powder using nanoliposome‐containing marine bioactive compounds

AbstractThe demand for marine bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents in supplements or functional foods has increased. However, their instability, bitter taste, and potential degradation during digestion have hindered their widespread use. To overcome these problems, a functional supplement powder was produced using the encapsulation technique of nanoliposomes containing shrimp lipid extract, fish oil (FO), and fish protein hydrolysate. Chitosan and whey protein concentrate (WPC) were used to coat the nanoliposomes in mono/bilayer and composite forms, followed by freeze‐drying for 72 h. The physicochemical characteristics, nutritional, in vitro release, and sensory evaluation were investigated. The WPC‐monolayer treatment exhibited the highest solubility (28.83 mg/100 g), encapsulation efficiency (97.67%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Although the mono/bilayer treatments of whey protein showed lower docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid than FO, they presented a favorable amino acid profile. Compared to acidic stomach conditions, the release in the intestine was higher. Incorporating 1.5 g of the supplement powder per 100 g of milk can meet an individual's daily nutritional needs for essential amino acids and PUFAs. Therefore, encapsulating marine bioactive compounds in liposomal carriers could be a beneficial approach to their direct use as a nutritious powder.

Foregut tuberculosis: Too close but miles apart

The worldwide burden of tuberculosis (TB) has increased and it can involve virtually any organ of the body. Intestinal TB accounts for about 2% of the cases of TB worldwide. The ileocecal region is the most commonly affected site, and the foregut is rarely involved. The reported incidence is approximately 0.5%. Esophageal TB presents with dysphagia, weight loss, and hematemesis in rare cases. Gastroduodenal TB usually manifests with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and sometimes with gastric outlet obstruction. Gastroscopy may reveal shallow ulcers in stomach and duodenal deformity when underlying TB is suspected, therefore histopathology plays pivotal role. On computed tomography, duodenal TB typically manifests as duodenal strictures predominantly, accompanied by extrinsic compression, and occasionally as intraluminal mass. But their diagnosis can easily be missed if proper biopsies are not taken and samples are not sent for GeneXpert testing, TB polymerase chain reaction investigation and histopathological analysis. Despite being in close proximity to the lungs, the esophagus and stomach are rare sites of TB. The reasons could be low gastric pH and acidity which does not let mycobacterium grow. But there are various case reports of TB involving the foregut. We have summarized the rare cases of foregut TB in different sections and highlighted the importance of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, histopathology and advanced techniques like endoscopic ultrasound in establishing the diagnosis.

The regulatory effects of bioactive polysaccharides on intestinal function and bile acids: chemical structures, bioactivities, and mechanisms

Polysaccharides are one of the important components of the human diet, offering a wide range of biological activities, especially in improving inflammation in the digestive system and addressing metabolic diseases. Among all the reported bioactivities of polysaccharides, their regulation effects on intestinal function and bile acids (BAs) are gradually attracting the attention of more researchers. Bile acids, the main components of intestinal lipid digestive fluid, are also key signal factors for metabolic homeostasis and impact overall health. Polysaccharides usually interact directly or indirectly with the gut and gut microbiota to participate in the regulation process of reabsorption, metabolism, and excretion of bile acids in humans, thereby exerting their role in the intervention of human diseases. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the effects of bioactive polysaccharides on the regulation of intestinal function and bile acids. The chemical structures, bioactivities, and potential mechanisms for their activities were also reviewed. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive reference for future research on the activities and mechanisms of polysaccharides, as well as to offer important strategies and insights for the development of bioactive polysaccharides to prevent inflammatory and metabolic diseases.

Antibiotic-Augmented Chemodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Dynamic Stomach Environment.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main causes of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The overuse of antibiotics leads to bacterial drug resistance and disruption to the gut microbiome. Herein, a nanoparticle (TA-FeHMSN@Amox) was developed, comprising amoxicillin (Amox)-loaded iron-engineered hollow mesoporous silica as the core and a metal-polyphenol shell formed by tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+. In acidic stomach conditions, TA-FeHMSN@Amox generates bactericidal ·OH through Fenton/Fenton-like reactions of the degraded product Fe2+ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at the infection site, achieving chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, released amoxicillin enhances therapeutic efficacy by impeding the self-repair of the bacterial cell wall damaged by CDT, overcoming the limitations of ineffective CDT under conditions lacking sufficient acidity and H2O2. The acidity-responsive CDT combined with reduced antibiotic usage ensures superior in vivo therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility with intestinal flora, providing a highly potent strategy for treating H. pylori infections in the dynamic stomach environment.

Real-Time Assessment of H. pylori Infection to Guide Molecular Antibiotic Resistance Testing: A Combined Endoscopy-Gastric Juice Analysis Approach.

Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance is the most relevant cause of treatment failure. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) allows for selecting the appropriate eradication regimen. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of gastric aspirate-based genotypic AST (G-AST) for detecting clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance compared with conventional phenotypic AST (P-AST). We recruited 461 consecutive patients scheduled for endoscopy. H. pylori was detected intraprocedurally using Endofaster, a novel method combining endoscopy with gastric juice analysis. For H. pylori-positive patients, we collected gastric aspirates and biopsies. G-AST was performed using DNA extracted from aspirates, with Sanger sequencing to detect polymorphisms in the 23S rRNA and gyrA genes associated, respectively, with resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. P-AST was performed on H. pylori isolated from biopsies using ETEST. One hundred and seventy-eight (40.4%) patients tested positive for H. pylori during endoscopy. Paired gastric biopsies and aspirates were available from 152 H. pylori-positive patients. By P-AST, resistance rates were 15.1% (23/152) for clarithromycin and 18.4% (28/152) for levofloxacin. G-AST showed a high level of agreement with P-AST for clarithromycin (kappa 0.86) and levofloxacin (kappa 0.81) resistance and diagnostic accuracy of 97% and 95%, respectively. The novel method combining endoscopy with immediate intraprocedural gastric juice analysis for the detection of H. pylori, followed by AST in case of a positive finding, is valid and practical for tailoring eradication regimens for H. pylori infection. Genotypic AST from gastric aspirates is highly accurate for detecting clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistances.

In Vitro Cholesterol Uptake by the Microflora of Selected Kefir Starter Cultures

Kefir, a fermented milk beverage, is recognized for its potential health benefits, including its cholesterol-lowering properties. This study demonstrated that selected kefir starter cultures, including Lactococcus strains and yeasts, significantly reduce cholesterol-binding capacity under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, underscoring the challenges of probiotic delivery. We compared the performance of these cultures under laboratory conditions (growth broths) and simulated digestive juice models. Lactococcus strains showed significant differences in cholesterol binding between the two environments, highlighting the limitations of relying solely on laboratory testing. Yeast cultures also exhibited greater cholesterol binding in their native broths, but their survival was limited in digestive models. Our findings suggest that effective probiotic formulations should prioritize strains with high cholesterol-binding capacity and robust survival rates throughout the digestive tract. This study provides valuable insights for future research on the mechanisms behind these functionalities and the potential of kefir yeast strains for use in human digestive models. Our results can be used to inform the development of improved probiotic formulations for cholesterol management.

E'jiao and Cubilose Formula Induced Antioxidant Activity and Improved Collagen Expression of Human Skin Fibroblasts During Oxidation Damage.

As traditional Chinese medicinal materials, E'jiao and cubilose are rich in various bioactive substances with good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulating effects. To obtain the optimal ratio of synergistic effect between E'jiao and cubilose. The antioxidant capacity of E'jiao and cubilose digestive fluid was evaluated invitro, as well as the intracellular oxidation balance between HSF cells and 3D whole-skin model induced by H2O2. E'jiao, cubilose, and their different ratios of composites had better scavenging ability against free radicals such as DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Using HSF cells induced by H2O2 as an oxidative damage model, it was found that the combination of E'jiao and cubilose in a ratio of 2:3 significantly enhanced the activities of SOD, GSH-PX, and CAT enzymes compared to the separate treatments of E'jiao and cubilose, as well as other combination ratios. It effectively reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species caused by H2O2 in HSF (Human Skin Fibroblast)cells and protected the integrity of the cells. Further analysis using flow cytometry and a 3D full-thickness skin model revealed that the combination ratio of 2:3 increased the proportion of H2O2-treated cells in the S%+G2% phase from 19.1% + 7.4%-22.1% + 28.8%, helping oxidatively damaged cells partially recover their proliferative capacity. It also promoted the expression of collagen I and collagen IV in the 3D full-thickness skin model, with improvement rates reaching 168.00% and 123.68%, respectively. These findings indicate that the combination of E'jiao and cubilose in a ratio of 2:3 exhibits good synergistic effects, enhancing the ability of cells to resist oxidative damage, promoting cellular renewal and metabolism, and improving skin antiwrinkle capacity.

Characteristics and Management of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in The Elderly : A Case Report

Laryngopharyngeal reflux is a condition resulting from the retrograde flow of stomach acid through the distal esophagus into the laryngopharyngeal area. The prevalence of laryngo-pharyngeal reflux in the elderly population remains uncertain. Therefore, the symptoms, findings, and therapy for laryngopharyngeal reflux in the elderly require further investigation. To analyze the characteristics and management of laryngopharyngeal reflux in the elderly. A case of laryngopharyngeal reflux in a 70-year-old woman who frequently experiences sudden choking sensations is presented in this report. Other symptoms include hoarseness, a sensation of throat obstruction, and chest burning. We explored literature on laryngopharyngeal reflux in the elderly through PubMed, PMC, and Google Scholar databases to discuss the case. Laryngopharyngeal reflux in the elderly has a lower reflux symptoms index but a higher reflux finding score. Mental health factors significantly influence laryngopharyngeal reflux incidence in the elderly. Therefore, besides pharmaco-logical therapy, additional non-pharmacological therapies need to be considered to ensure effective laryngopharyngeal reflux treatment. Elderly patients diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux have different presentations and management of the disease compared with younger patients.

Obesity and iron deficiency: what is the connection and how to treat?

The article presents a review of the literature and our own data on the etiology and pathogenesis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in patients with obesity. Obesity is considered as a subclinical systemic chronic inflammation, which is associated with an increase in the level of hepcidin, which is a key mediator of anemia during inflammation. Patients with obesity should undergo periodic screening of iron status and ferrokinetic parameters. Today, new oral iron preparations with increased tolerability and improved absorption are used in clinical practice. These include sucrosomial iron preparations. Sucrosomial iron (SI) is an innovative oral iron-containing carrier in which iron pyrophosphate is enclosed in a phospholipid matrix coated with sucrester, which protects sucrosomial iron from the effects of gastric juice, excluding contact with the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Resistance to the action of gastric juice allows intact sucrosomes to reach the mucous membrane of the small intestine, where they are absorbed through special M cells, followed by the release of iron in liver cells. This allows prescribing SI to patients with iron deficiency and inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, cancer and patients with obesity. Sucrosomial iron should be considered as an alternative treatment for iron deficiency in obese women. SI is innovative, allowing to bypass the “hepcidin barrier”, convenient for administration, effective for treatment, well tolerated than traditional oral iron salts.

Mirror-Image Random Nonstandard Peptides Integrated Discovery (MI-RaPID) Technology Yields Highly Stable and Selective Macrocyclic Peptide Inhibitors for Matrix Metallopeptidase 7.

Matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7) plays a crucial role in cancer metastasis and progression, making it an attractive target for therapeutic development. However, the development of selective MMP7 inhibitors is challenging due to the conservation of active sites across various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here, we have developed mirror-image random nonstandard peptides integrated discovery (MI-RaPID) technology to discover innate protease-resistant macrocyclic peptides that specifically bind to and inhibit human MMP7. One identified macrocyclic peptide against D-MMP7, termed D20, was synthesized in its mirror-image form, D'20, consisting of 12 D-amino acids, one cyclic β-amino acid, and a thioether bond. Notably, it potently inhibited MMP7 with an IC50 value of 90 nM, and showed excellent selectivity over other MMPs with similar substrate specificity. Moreover, D'20 inhibited the migration of pancreatic cell line CFPAC-1, but had no effect on the cell proliferation and viability. D'20 exhibited excellent stability in human serum, as well as in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. This study highlights that MI-RaPID technology can serve as a powerful tool to develop in vivo stable macrocyclic peptides for therapeutic applications.

Mirror‐Image Random Nonstandard Peptides Integrated Discovery (MI‐RaPID) Technology Yields Highly Stable and Selective Macrocyclic Peptide Inhibitors for Matrix Metallopeptidase 7

AbstractMatrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7) plays a crucial role in cancer metastasis and progression, making it an attractive target for therapeutic development. However, the development of selective MMP7 inhibitors is challenging due to the conservation of active sites across various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here, we have developed mirror‐image random nonstandard peptides integrated discovery (MI‐RaPID) technology to discover innate protease‐resistant macrocyclic peptides that specifically bind to and inhibit human MMP7. One identified macrocyclic peptide against D‐MMP7, termed D20, was synthesized in its mirror‐image form, D’20, consisting of 12 D‐amino acids, one cyclic β‐amino acid, and a thioether bond. Notably, it potently inhibited MMP7 with an IC50 value of 90 nM, and showed excellent selectivity over other MMPs with similar substrate specificity. Moreover, D’20 inhibited the migration of pancreatic cell line CFPAC‐1, but had no effect on the cell proliferation and viability. D’20 exhibited excellent stability in human serum, as well as in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. This study highlights that MI‐RaPID technology can serve as a powerful tool to develop in vivo stable macrocyclic peptides for therapeutic applications.

STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN OLAH TUMBUHAN BERKHASIAT OBAT DI KELURAHAN PASAR TELUKDALAM KECAMATAN TELUKDALAM

Based on the research focus, it aims to study the diversity of plants with medicinal properties in Pasar Telukdalam Village, Telukdalam District. This research aims to find out what types of medicinal plants are used by the community in Pasar Telukdalam Pasar Telukdalam Village as well as their benefits and what diseases can be cured. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. This research data was analyzed using data reduction, verification and drawing conclusions. The results of this research are that the types of medicinal plants used by the community in Pasar Telukdalam Village are ginger, turmeric, bitter gourd and galangal. Diseases that can be cured by medicinal plants that are used by people in Telukdalam Market Village are the ability to soothe a dry throat, overcome flatulence, overcome high stomach acid and are very good for helping to overcome coughs, shortness of breath, due to asthma, helping to relieve breathing, helps overcome nasal congestion and relieves the effects of a throbbing head due to flu. Suggestions for the community, it is hoped that this research can provide information to the community in using medicinal plants in Pasar Telukdalam Village, Telukdalam District and for Nias Raya University, it is hoped that the results of this research can enrich and add sources of information for Nias Raya University students, especially in plant processing. medicinal properties.

UNDERSTANDING THE BENEFITS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI FOR DIABETES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic condition defined by long-term elevated blood glucose levels. This chronic hyperglycemia induces metabolic dysfunctions that cause structural and functional disruptions in the vasculature, leading to macrovascular and microvascular complications. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, commonly known as Stevia, is a perennial shrub that contains various bioactive constituents responsible for its sweetness and several other activities. Many studies on Stevia have shown that it possesses various beneficial effects on health, including being zero-calorie, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-tumor. Several studies have found that neither gastric juice nor digestive enzymes decompose stevioside. The presence of bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds supports Stevia's medicinal properties and its potential use in both the food/nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. A significant antioxidant capacity of Stevia has been identified recently. It can also help limit essential nutrient supply to tumor cells. Research on Stevia's effects on the human body has largely found no negative side effects. The growing body of evidence underscores Stevia's potential role in managing various health conditions, particularly for diabetic patients, due to its minimal impact on blood sugar levels. However, to fully harness its benefits and meet the increasing global demand, further scientific research is essential to optimize its cultivation, enhance its chemical constituents and ensure its safety. Overall, Stevia stands out as a promising natural sweetener with significant health benefits for diabetic patients. In this review article, we explore different aspects of Stevia and its beneficial effects on diabetic patients.

Single-helix inclusion formation of V-type starch-lutein: Investigation of structural, physicochemical, and in vitro release

Lutein is a natural plant pigment with a variety of biological functions. However, its low stability and bioavailability limits its use in the food industry. The ethanol-alkaline (EA) method was utilized to manufacture V-type starch to examine its impact on the stability and release properties of the V-type starch-lutein composite system. The EA treatment increased the amylose content of natural starch and transformed its structure from a typical B-type structure to a more open V-type structure. The results showed that lutein could be efficiently loaded into V-type starch, and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that hydrogen bonding interaction, in conjunction with helical cavities rather than surface adsorption, was responsible for the lutein loading by V-type starch. The designed loading system enhanced lutein's photothermal stability, showing a two-fold increase compared to free lutein. V-type starch-lutein systems exhibited protection in gastric fluid and demonstrated sustained release post intestinal digestion. The findings had useful ramifications for the development of efficient delivery strategies for the encapsulation of lipophilic actives.

Encapsulation of Antarctic krill peptide by polysaccharide-based nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, evaluation of stability and hypoglycemic activity

The aim of this study was to construct a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HTCC)/sodium alginate (SA) nanoparticle delivery system for the encapsulation of Antarctic krill peptide (AKP), with the goal of enhancing its stability and post-digestive hypoglycemic activity. Additionally, the effect of the content and encapsulation sequence of HTCC/SA on the structure and properties of AKP-loaded nanoparticles (AKP-loaded NPs) was investigated. As the content of the outermost wall material (HTCC) increased, the particle size of nanoparticles initially increased and then decreased. Concurrently, the zeta potential showed a trend of increase, ranging from -38.77 to 46.07 mV. When SA was used as the outermost wall material, the nanoparticles exhibited a smaller particle size (240.1 nm) and better dispersibility. Electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding were the major forces involved in the formation of AKP-loaded NPs. X-ray diffraction revealed that AKP was successfully encapsulated in an amorphous state. Scanning electron microscopy showed that AKP-loaded NPs had an elliptical or blocky appearance. Moreover, AKP-loaded NPs demonstrated good storage and temperature stability, while nanoparticles with HTCC in the outermost layer (HTCC:SA=2:1) showed good pH and ionic stability. During simulated digestion, AKP-loaded NPs inhibited the release of AKP in gastric fluid. Consequently, the hypoglycemic activity of digested AKP-loaded NPs was remarkably higher than unencapsulated AKP. Notably, the nanoparticles with HTCC in the outermost layer provided superior hypoglycemic activity. In summary, the polysaccharide-based delivery system exhibited great potential to improve the stability and post-digestive hypoglycemic activity of AKP, broadening its applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

The development of functionalized alginate-based hydrogels for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia and weight reduction

Polysaccharide-derived functional food ingredients are increasingly prevalent in the food industry for their health benefits and functional versatility. Among them, sodium alginate (SA), a natural polysaccharide, is widely valued for its sustainability, renewability, non-toxic nature, and broad applicability. However, its poor water solubility has limited its use as biomedical materials and food additives. Here, we enhanced SA through carboxymethylation to produce carboxymethylated SA (CMSA), aiming to develop functional food ingredients with improved physicochemical properties for health management. The synthesized CMSA was characterized for its physical properties and ability to form a hydrogel through cross-linking with Ca2+. We assessed its encapsulation efficiency for food particles in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and evaluated its physiological effects in a rat model. Our findings demonstrated that CMSA-based hydrogels effectively encapsulate ingredients in the stomach, reducing nutrient diffusion in the intestine, and helping to manage postprandial hypoglycemia. Additionally, the hydrogel expands in the stomach and small intestine, contributing to modest weight loss. These findings suggest that CMSA-based hydrogels offer significant potential as functional food ingredients for managing postprandial hypoglycemia and supporting weight management. The development of such gelling systems presents promising applications in both medical and nutritional sciences, offering innovative strategies for addressing diet-related health concerns.

Construction of an intelligent pH-sensitive hydrogel drug delivery system and its application in gastric ulcer treatment

The occurrence of gastric ulcer is mainly due to the damage of gastric mucosa which leads to inward flow of gastric acid to corrode the gastric cavity, thus producing gastric fever, vomiting, loss of appetite and other adverse reactions. Prevention and treatment of such injuries are crucial. In this study, a simple and non-toxic composite hydrogel (PLGA/CMCS) was prepared through Schiff base reaction between poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCS). Subsequently, compound 1 was loaded onto it to construct PLGA/CMCS@1. A series of structural characterization and performance experiments were conducted on these novel hydrogel polymers. Furthermore, we detected the gene expression level of Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway after treating the cells with different concentrations of PLGA/CMCS@1 through an ethanol-induced damaged gastric mucosal epithelial cell model. The results showed that the system was able to significantly regulate the expression of genes related to the apoptotic pathway. The system can regulate the Fas/FasL apoptosis pathway to treat gastric ulcer.

In-silico Studies, Synthesis, and Antacid Activities of Magnesium (II) Complexes.

Nowadays, acidity is a severe problem worldwide caused by excessive gastric acid secretion by the stomach and proximal intestine. Antacids are drugs capable of buffering stomach acid. Therefore, in our research work, we have reported the in-silico studies, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antacid activities of magnesium (II) complexes via the acid-base neutralization process. In this research, some magnesium complexes were synthesized and their antacid behavior was compared with marketed products. Also, in-silico studies were performed on H+/K+ ATPase (Proton pump). All synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and DSC techniques. Spectroscopic analysis results showed that the semicarbazone ligand shows keto-enol isomerism and forms a coordinated stable complex with magnesium ions in the crystalline phase. The FT-IR results confirmed the presence of Mg-O stretching, N-H bending, and C=N stretching vibrations in Mg (II) complexes. The antacid activities of Mg (II) complexes were excellent as compared to the semicarbazone ligand and comparable with that of marketed antacid drugs like ENO, and Pantop-D. Insilco studies also confirmed that semicarbazone ligand and its Mg (II) complexes were both found to be fitted into the active sites of molecular targets, and Mg (II) complexes showed better binding affinities towards macromolecular as compared to semicarbazone ligand.

Evaluating Various Lactose Types as Solid Carriers for Improving Curcumin Solubility in Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (S-SNEDDSs) for Oral Administration

Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from turmeric, possesses numerous pharmaceutical properties; however, its poor aqueous solubility and permeability result in low bioavailability. This study aims to develop a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) using different lactose types as solid carriers for the oral administration of curcumin to enhance its solubility. The system comprised curcumin, an oil phase, and a surfactant. Jasmine oil, as the oil phase, and Cremophor® RH40, as the surfactant, were selected due to their superior ability to solubilize curcumin. A microemulsion was then prepared using a ternary phase diagram. The liquid SNEDDSs were converted into S-SNEDDSs by employing three solid carriers: Tablettose® 80, FlowLac® 100, and GranuLac® 200. Dissolution studies conducted in simulated gastric fluid demonstrated a significant improvement in curcumin solubility in the S-SNEDDS formulations compared to curcumin powder. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the appearance of curcumin in the S-SNEDDS, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated compatibility between the excipients and curcumin. Additionally, an accelerated stability study conducted over four weeks at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity showed no significant changes in the physical appearance of the S-SNEDDS formulations. These findings suggest that the S-SNEDDS formulation effectively enhances curcumin’s solubility, potentially improving its bioavailability for oral administration.