Gas Composition Concentration Research Articles

MONITORING AND ALERTING OF HAZARDOUS GASES IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE USING MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE

Abstract-In recent times, the rate of urbanization is proliferating; thus, there is a need to find a sustainable way for an urban development plan. There is rapid growth in the concept of smart cities all around the globe. A smart city is always incomplete without a smart waste monitoring structure that can manage the waste collection of the entire city. This paper proposes a Forest Fire alerting system, which keeps track of the hazardous gases produced by dumped waste by integrating a network of gas sensors. Land fill sites collect tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) using an open dump mechanism, causing gases to emerge, which may cause disease and the greenhouse effect. Mainly, landfill environments are observed using a portable system that does not continuously monitor and measure emitted gas levels. It is also difficult to evaluate changes in landfill emissions over the long term unless they are monitored at regular intervals according to a detailed plan. This paper presents a new monitoring method to measure gas levels in landfill sites, which documents dynamic changes in gas composition concentrations over the long term. The system was placed in the middle area of the landfill and was charged using solar panels for convenience and greater efficiency during monitoring.

Gas monitoring station in hazardous environment with gases containing

Landfill sites collect tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) using an open dump mechanism, causing gases to emerge, which may cause disease and the greenhouse effect. Mainly, landfill environments are observed using a portable system that does not continuously monitor and measure emitted gas levels. It is also difficult to evaluate changes in landfill emissions over the long term unless they are monitored at regular intervals according to a detailed plan. This paper presents a new monitoring method to measure gas levels in landfill sites, which documents dynamic changes in gas composition concentrations over the long term. The system was placed in the middle area of the landfill and was charged using solar panels for convenience and greater efficiency during monitoring. While the instruments that are currently available are used for a specific parameter, this system can measure eight parameters, i.e., ambient concentration of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and voltage level. The system was evaluated regarding its ability to monitor gas parameters continuously.

Nitrogen oxide electrochemical reduction characteristics on patterned platinum electrode

Electrochemical reduction performances of NO and O2 on a patterned Pt electrode were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and current voltage measurements at different temperatures and gas composition concentrations. The patterned Pt electrode was deposited on single crystalline YSZ electrolyte by an evaporation coating technique. Porous Pt electrode was used for the other electrode. A symmetric porous Pt electrode experiment was performed to eliminate the influence of the porous Pt electrode. Results showed that the porous Pt electrode resistance can be neglected when compared with the patterned electrode. The polarization performances in NO/O2 were better than in pure O2 or NO at low temperatures from 500°C to 550°C. When the temperature increased to 550°C and 600°C, the NO/O2 electrochemical performance became worse than pure O2 gas with the voltage over 1V due to the limited N species diffusion process, N2 desorption process or the formation of platinum oxide poisoning catalyst by high voltage. The NO/O2 electrochemical performances increased as the NO concentrations increased from 300ppm to 900ppm according to the polarization results and EIS results. EIS results showed that the increase of temperature would give rise to the decrease of the impedances. The increase of O2 concentrations from 3% to 9% also increased the NO/O2 polarization performances and the improvement was more significant in the voltage range of 0.3V to 1.4V. The NO/O2 electrochemical reaction mechanisms related to the adsorption/desorption, surface diffusion processes on the Pt surface and charge transfer reactions were proposed according to the experiment results.