Garut Sheep Research Articles

Fermentability, digestibility, and gas production of Garut sheep fed maize straw silage-based rationsnbalanced with rice bran and rice husks (<i>in vitro</i>)

Fermentability, digestibility, and gas production of Garut sheep fed maize straw silage-based rationsnbalanced with rice bran and rice husks (<i>in vitro</i>)

The adaptability of Garut sheep grazing on oil palm and rubber plantations in tropical conditions of Indonesia.

The productivity of sheep in humid tropical plantation areas relies on their ability to adapt. Oil palm plantations serve as potential grazing lands for livestock. This study aimed to identify Garut sheep adaptations in oil palm and rubber plantations of the Garut district, West Java, Indonesia. The total number of sheep used was 103 as the object of this study. Each individual of sheep was used for several different observations, including: Physiological assessment using 24 sheep of various ages, molecular analysis of heat stress using 31 sheep, worm egg count using 59 sheep, and for morphological assessment using 98 sheep. A general linear model was employed to analyze rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, number of eggs in each gram of sample feces, body weight (BW), body condition score, and morphometric measurements according to age and sex. Forage was compared between oil palm and rubber plantations during the vegetation analysis. RT, HR, and panting frequency were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the age and sex of the sheep. The mutation was found in the coding region of the HSP70 gene, which is approximately 232 bp long. Fecal eggs were found in 99% of the fecal samples, consisting of 100% Strongyle eggs and 1.75% Moniezia eggs. BW, body condition score, shoulder height, body length, pelvic height, chest circumference, and number of eggs were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the age and sex of the sheep. The average fresh matter of vegetation under the plantation was 248.69 ± 120.94 g/m2 and 718.15 ± 249.93 g/m2 for oil palm and rubber plantations, respectively. Garut sheep were adapted to oil palm and rubber plantations in the humid tropical region. Plantations are potential sources of sheep grazing and roughage. Further research is needed regarding the consumption of forages in oil palm and rubber plantations.

Amino Acids Isolation from α-keratin of Javanese Goat (Capra hircus) Hair and Garut Sheep (Ovis aries) Hair Waste Using Acid Hydrolysis Method as BCAA Supplement

Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair contain α-keratin, a protein that can be broken by hydrolysis to produce simpler amino acids. Feather waste generates millions of tons of α-keratin biomass originating from animal slaughterhouses, thereby raising health concerns. The utilization of acid hydrolysis is considered to be more cost-effective compared to enzymatic hydrolysis, and it provides a broader range of amino acid cleavage sites compared to enzymes, which exhibit specific cleavage. This study aimed to isolate amino acids from Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair through acid hydrolysis. The methods included hair sample preparation, acid hydrolysis used 6 M HCL at 110°C, reflux isolation, amino acid separation based on isoelectric pH 4.9 –5.4, functional groups analysis using FTIR, and analysis of amino acid content by HPLC methods. The results showed that the yield produced after isolation on Javanese goat hair samples was 0.92% and Garut sheep hair 0.32%, respectively. The FTIR spectrum showed amino acid functional groups in both samples, including carboxyl (COOH), amine (C-N primer), (C-S disulfide), and amide I (-CONH2). Successful breakdown of α-keratin proteins into simpler amino acids was achieved for Javanese goat and Garut sheep hair. Amino acid analysis of Javanese goat hair isolates revealed the presence of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, and arginine amino acids, respectively. The highest content was isoleucine at 0.60% w/w. In conclusion, the isolated amino acids from Javanese goat hair can be used as a halal supplement that serves as nutrition in the body.

Supplementation Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Oil Calcium Soap on Physiological Responses and Hematology of Male Garut Sheep

Supplementation Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Oil Calcium Soap on Physiological Responses and Hematology of Male Garut Sheep

Analisis Finansial Efiseinsi Manajemen Pembibitan Domba Garut (Ovis ares)

This research was conducted to (1) determine the performance of garut sheep farming. (2) Knowing the level of efficiency of Garut Sheep breeding farming in the Cibungur area. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The data collection technique used in this research is purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results of the research show that Mr. Mamat, one of the activists in Garut sheep cultivation, keeps 15 sheep with 5 males and 10 females. In the sheep breeding business, the initial capital spent on 5 seeds and 1 male as well as medicines and then pens is IDR 57,869,528. The total revenue received from the sale of sheep potatoes was IDR. 47,500,000. The loss obtained by Mr. Mamat was Rp. -10,369,528. - The R/C Ratio result obtained was 0.82, with this value meaning that the Garut sheep breeding business carried out by Mr. Mamat was not suitable as a basic income, because from each one rupiah spent will result in a loss of 0.18 Rupiah.

Sebaran rumpun, pola warna bulu, dan jenis tanduk domba lokal betina di Kabupaten Bandung

The variety of environmental and cultural conditions in each region in Indonesia causes differences in sheep rearing patterns, resulting in a variety of breeds, coat color patterns and types of horns of sheep being cultivated. The Bandung Regency area has a climate and environment that is suitable for raising livestock, so raising sheep has become a part of the culture in the area. Choosing flocks, coat color patterns and types of sheep horns that suit consumer needs can increase the selling value of sheep. The aim of this research was to determine the distribution of clump types, coat color patterns and horn types of local ewes in several animal markets in Bandung Regency. The research was conducted in June 2023 in three animal markets, namely Majalaya, Pacet, and Banjaran Animal Markets. The research method used is descriptive analytic and data collection uses the census method. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the distribution of local ewes includes Garut sheep 86.78% and Priangan sheep 13.22%, while the distribution of local ewes's coat color patterns is dominated by white 63.64%, a combination of 25.62%, and black 10.74%, as well as muser horn types 54.55%, hornless 33.88%, and horned 11.57%. The total number of research objects was 121 animals, dominated by Garut sheep, the dominant white coat color pattern, and muser horn type

Phenotype and Genotype Expression with the GDF9 Gene in the Sapudi and Garut Sheeps

This study aims to determine the expression of phenotypes and genotypes in Sapudi and Garut sheep, as well as differences between GDF9 exon 1 gene expression and phenotypic traits in Sapudi and Garut sheep. The research method used is a quantitative descriptive method. The material used was 48 rams kept at UPT Breeding Cattle and Forages in Jember and Seribu Pulau Children's Farm, Kangploso Farm, Malang. As for the observation of GDF9 gene expression by qPCR analysis using GDF9 gene primers with a sample of 8 tails. Data analysis used unpaired t-test analysis and continued with the BNT test. Observation of phenotypic traits included body length (PB), chest circumference (LD), and body height (TB). The genotype observed was GDF9 gene expression. The results showed very significant differences in the phenotypic characteristics of the Sapudi and Garut sheep (P&lt;0.01). Based on the study, there were differences in the expression of the phenotypic traits of Sapudi and Garut sheep on body length (Sapudi 63.21a ± 3.39; Garut 77.71b ± 5.66) cm, chest circumference (Sapudi 76.15a ± 3.81; Garut 83, 00b ± 8.75) cm and height (Sapudi 64.96a ± 3.97; Garut 73.50b ± 5.60) cm. There was a very significant difference (P&lt;0.01) in genotypic traits from the qPCR results of the GDF9 gene between sheep breeds, namely Sapudi sheep 31.66 ± 5.61 and Garut sheep 23.70 ± 2.40.

Performance, body measurement, physiological adaptability and metabolic status of Garut sheep raised in a pen-intensive system in Indonesia

Small ruminant production systems that utilize pen-intensive systems have become more popular in Indonesia during the past few decades. It is well recognized that allowing sheep freedom to move freely outside can significantly improve their health and welfare. This study used a T test experimental design with ten replicates to compare the performance, body measurements, physiological adaptability, and metabolic status of Garut sheep raised in pen-intensive management with two different treatments (outdoor pen access vs. full indoor pen). A twenty-one-year-old sheep with an average body weight of 19.57±2.50 kg was employed in this experiment. The findings showed that neither treatment's dry matter intake (grams per head per day) nor average daily gain (grams per head per day) differed (P&gt;0.05), but the ewes exposed to outdoor pen access had significantly longer bodies (P≤0.05) than those in the full indoor pen. The physiological health of the ewes having access to the outdoor enclosure was similarly improved (P≤0.05), especially in the morning and afternoon. Apart from plasma glucose levels, the metabolic status of the ewes in both treatment groups was similar, with the exception that the ewes with access to an outdoor enclosure had lower blood glucose (P≤0.05). Furthermore, the adaptability coefficient value was lower (P≤0.05) in compared with those without access to outdoor pen, with no different (P&gt;0.05) in Heat Tolerance Coefficient value. In conclusion, a pen-intensive system with an outside enclosure not only increases the performance of garut ewes but also improves their physiological adaptability. This approach can be highly promoted to improve sheep farming management in Indonesia.

Characterization and Association of CFHR5 Gene Polymorphism with Fatty Acid Composition and Cholesterol in Sheep

The Complement Factor H Related 5 (CFHR5) gene is speculated to have an important role in regulating fatty acid composition in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the CFHR5 gene and its association with fatty acid composition and cholesterol of sheep in Indonesia. A total of 172 rams from 83 priangan sheep (PS), 20 sapudi sheep (SS), 19 Garut sheep (GS), 20 jonggol sheep (JS), 10 Garut composite sheep (GCS), 10 compass agrinac sheep (CAS), and 10 Barbados cross sheep (BCS) were used for this study. Identification of CFHR5 gene polymorphism were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using AciI restriction enzyme. The results showed that the CFHR5 gene in all sheep populations were polymorphic producing three genotypes, e.g. CC, CT and TT, respectively. The polymorphism had a significant effect (p&lt;0.05) on fatty acid composition (miristoleic [C14:1], ginkgolic [C17:1], tridecanoic [C13:0], and heptadecanoic [C17:0] acids) and cholesterol. The breed and polymorphism had a significant effect (p&lt;0.05) on fatty acid composition (JS with tridecanoic acid [C13:0] and BCS with miristoleic acid [C14:1]). The CC genotype is the preferred genotype and as it exhibits reduced levels of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. The BCS sheep is the preferred genotype and as it exhibits high PUFA/SFA ratio. The CFHR5 gene (SNP c.1011C&gt;T) has the potential to be used as a genetic marker for the selection of low saturated fatty acid composition and cholesterol in sheep

Program Pemberdayaan Desa Peradaban Zakat BAZNAS Kabupaten Sukabumi Melalui Pembinaan Mitra Domba Garut

This study aims at determining the level of success in the program of Zakat Civilization Village empowerments through fostering Garut sheep partners in Jampangtengah, Sukabumi. This program is one of the BAZNAS Sukabumi superior programs in empowering the dhuafa or mustahiq in Panumbangan Village in Jampangtengah. It was selected as the Pilot Village for the goal realizations of Zakat Civilization Village in Sukabumi which is the city of santri. This research uses a survey conducted by depth interviews, observation, and documentation through descriptive analysis methods with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the dhuafa who become partners with Garut goat farming is still in the coaching process to build a motivation to empower themselves. Eventhough there are the limitations of their economic and educational levels, but this condition is quite encouraging because of their awareness to donate regularly and take a part in religious studies carried out by companions facilitated by the BAZNAS of Sukabumi. It can be seen by the program participants who generally come from this region and always be the first position in collecting and managing the zakat fitrah throughout Sukabumi. An Effective synergy between BAZNAS and the assisted residents in the management of the main cage and the dhuafa’s cage will bring the empowerment of people in Panumbangan Village, Jampangtengah, both materially and spiritually.

Effects of Black Soldier Fly oil and calcium soap supplementation on rumen fermentability of Garut Sheep

Fat is a source of energy for livestock, with low heat metabolic, but dietary fat had negative impact for rumen fermentation. Calcium soap can protect fat for ruminant. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of rumen fermentation in Garut sheep fed with suplements of BSF (Hermetia illucens) oil and BSF Calcium soap. This research used fifteen male Garut sheep with an average body weight of 29.90 ± 3.71 kg. This research used randomized block design consisting of three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were diet without supplementation BSF oil or Calcium soap (P1), diet with BSF oil suplementation 4% (P2) and diet with BSF Calcium soap suplementation 4% (P3). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further test with Duncan test. The analysis showed that the rumen pH value, ammonia concentration, and protozoa population in the rumen were not affected by the treatments. Concentration of VFA and population of rumen bacteria were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. The total VFA concentration of P3 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than P1 and P2. Rumen bacteria population of P3 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than P1 and or P2. It can be concluded that supplementation of BSF Calcium soap improve rumen fermentation indicated by higher VFA concentration and bacteria population in the rumen.

Association of DGAT1 Gene Related to Flavor, Odor, Cholesterol, and Mineral in Indonesian Sheep

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a potential candidate gene for improving Indonesian lamb’s quality and nutrient value. The study aimed to identify the diversity of the DGAT1 gene with SNP g.8539 CT and its relation to Indonesian lamb's flavor and odor, cholesterol, and mineral. Total of 254 ten to twelve months old sheep consisted of 20 Javanese fat-tail sheep (JFTS), 107 Javanese thin-tail sheep (JTTS), 10 Garut composite sheep (GCS), 10 Compass agrinak sheep (CAS), 10 Barbados cross sheep (BCS), 20 Garut sheep (GS), 27 Jonggol sheep (JS), and 50 Jambi local sheep (JLS). One hundred sheep were used to analyze the association of the DGAT1 gene with flavor and odor content, cholesterol, and mineral. The diversity of DGAT1|AluI was analyzed with the PCR-RFLP method. The association of the DGAT1 gene with the nutritional value of meat was analyzed using the GLM (General Linear Model) method. The results showed that the DGAT gene was polymorphic in JTTS, GS, and JFTS and monomorphic in CAS, BCS, JLS, and GCS. CC and CT genotypes were found in JTTS, GS, and JFTS. SNP g.8539 CT of DGAT1 gene had a significant association (P0.05) with flavor and odor, 4-Ethyloctanoic Acid (EOA). However, the DGAT1 gene had no significant association (P0.05) with cholesterol and mineral. The DGAT1 gene might be marker-assisted selection for improving lamb flavor and odor in Indonesian sheep.

Association and Polymorphism of the APOA5 Gene Related to Carcass Characteristics and Lamb Quality in Sheep

The apolipoprotein A-V (APOA5) gene is a candidate gene that plays an important role in carcass characteristics and lamb quality. This study aimed to association and polymorphism of the APOA5 gene with carcass characteristics and lamb quality in sheep. The breed of sheep were used 100 sheep consisting of Thin Tailed Sheep (TTS) (n=55), Compass Agrinac Sheep (CAS) (n=10), Garut Sheep (GS) (n=18), Garut Composite Sheep (GCS) (n=8), and Barbados cross sheep (BCS) (n=9). Identification of APOA5 gene polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP method and association study was performed using GLM analysis. The results showed that the APOA5 (g.26929941 C&gt;T) gene polymorphism was polymorphic in TTS, CAS, GS, and GCS, while BCS was monomorphic. The APOA5 gene has three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT). Association showed that the APOA5 was a significantly (P&lt;0.05) associated with carcass percentage and carcass length. The polymorphism of the APOA5 (g.26929941 C&gt;T) was also significant (P&lt;0.05) associated with lamb quality of the pH dan tenderness. The TT genotype showed greater carcass length and pH than the CC and CT genotypes. The CT genotype showed a greater percentage of carcass and tenderness than the CC and TT genotypes. The APOA5 gene helps improve sheep carcass characteristics and lamb quality.

Genetic diversity and relationship among Indonesian local sheep breeds on Java Island based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences

BackgroundThe cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene is one of the most studied mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes to determine sheep’s genetic profile. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships of several Indonesian local sheep populations on Java Island, Indonesia, based on the mtDNA Cyt b gene sequences. Blood samples were collected from forty-one individual sheep in seven populations of Indonesia local sheep breeds on Java Island (Priangan = 6, Garut = 6, Batur = 7, Wonosobo = 5, Javanese Thin-Tailed/JTT = 7, Javanese Fat-Tailed/JFT = 5, and Sapudi = 5). DNA extraction was performed on blood samples, and the mtDNA Cyt b gene was amplified using specific primers (Alek-CBF: 5’-CAACCCCACCACTTACAA-3’ and Alek-CBR: 5’-CCTTGAGTCTTAGGGAGGTT-3’). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were then sequenced, and data were analyzed using the MEGA version 7.0, DNA SP version 6.0, and NTSYS-pc version 2.11 software. ResultsA total of 1140 bp complete mtDNA Cyt b gene sequences in this study obtained 1134 monomorphic sites (I), six polymorphic sites (V), one segregation site (S), and five parsimony informative sites (P) with a nucleotide diversity (Pi), the average number of nucleotide differences (K), and sequence conservation (SC) were 0.00119, 1.35610, and 0.9947, respectively. There were six haplotypes consisting of two unique haplotypes and four shared haplotypes with a haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.5415. The genetic distance within and between populations ranged from 0.0000 to 0.0016 and 0.0000 to 0.0020, respectively. Wonosobo, JFT, and Sapudi sheep have the closest relationship, and then these three breeds were close to JTT sheep, followed by Batur, Priangan, and Garut sheep. Two haplogroups have been found based on the Ovine haplogroup clustering. All Wonosobo, JTT, JFT, Sapudi sheep, and most Batur sheep were clustered into haplogroup B. In contrast, Garut sheep were mostly clustered into haplogroup A, while Priangan sheep were clustered into both haplogroups with the same percentage. ConclusionSeven Indonesian local sheep breeds on Java Island have a close relationship clustered into two haplogroups, namely haplogroups A and B. Most Indonesian local sheep breeds on Java Island in this study were clustered into haplogroup B, except for Garut and Priangan sheep.

GENETIC EVALUATION BIRTH WEIGHT AND WEANING WEIGHT OF GARUT SHEEP IN UPTD-BPPTD MARGAWATI GARUT

This research was conducted at Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah Balai Pengembangan Perbibitan Ternak Domba (UPTD BPPTD) Margawati Garut on February 2014. The aim of this research was to evaluate Garut sheep genetic trait with description genetic parameter is heritability and breeding value birth weight and weaning weight of Garut Sheep in UPTD-BPPTD Margawati Garut. Data collection technique is purposive sampling. Data collected were 4128 records from 1650 dams, 78 sires, and 2064 Garut sheep, during 2005 to 2013. Variety components and the heritability value were suspected by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method used Animal Model pattern of direct additive genetic effect, maternal genetic effect and permanent environmant and Breeding Value estimated byBest Linier Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). Fix effect were used sex and birth type. The result of this research was heritability value of birth weight and weaning weight with direct additve genetic effect was 0.33 and 0.32 included in large category, with maternal genetic effect was 0.26 and 0.28 included in medium category. the maternal genetic value with same trait 0.12 and 0.57.heritability birth weigt and weaning weight for permanent environment was 0.23 and 0.25 wit permanent environment value 0.32 and 0.35 included in medium category. Estimated Breeding value for the three best ID number 3680, 1496, and 1138

Effect of The Combination of Protected and Non-Protected Soybean Oil (Glycine max L.) Supplementation on Characteristics of Rumen Fermentation, Nutrient Digestibility, and Nitrogen Balance in Garut Sheep

Soybean oil is a high source of unsaturated fatty acids which if given to sheep have the potential to accumulate in the meat. However, in the rumen unsaturated fatty acids undergoes biohydrogenation by rumen microbes, and the addition of fat in the feed has the potential to reduce fiber fermentation in the rumen which can have an impact on animal performance. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of protected and non-protected soybean oil supplementation on the characteristics of rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance of Garut sheep. Twelve male Garut lambs aged 13 months and weighing 29±3.23 kg were kept in a metabolic cage and divided into three groups. The basal diet of 60% King grass and 40% pollard bran was supplemented with protected and non-protected soybean oil with the ratio of 3%:0%, 1.5%:1.5%, and 0%:3%, respectively, based on the dry matter of ration. The data obtained were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA, followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that supplementation had no effect on rumen fatty acids profile, microbial protein, ammonia concentration, total volatile fatty acids, acetat, propionate, butirat, and pH. The digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, and crude fat were not affected. Supplementation also had no effect on nitrogen balance. Hence supplementation of different levels of protected fats did not influence animal performance in Garut sheep.

Polymorphisms KIF12 GENE|BfaI and its Association on Carcass Characteristics and Lamb Meat Quality

One of gene which involves on mediation an antioxidant cascade in beta cells as an intracellular target of excess fat intake is Kinesin Family 12 (KIF12). This study aims to identify the diversity of SNP g. 9617965 C&gt;T KIF12 and association with carcass characteristic and meat quality. The total sample used were 102 ram DNA samples consisted of 10 barbados cross sheep (BCS), 52 javanese thin tail (JTT), 15 jonggol sheep (JS), 15 garut sheep (GS), and 10 compass agrinak sheep (CAS). Identification of the diversity of KIF12|BfaI was conducted using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The results showed that the amplification product was 696 bp. The diversity of the KIF12 gene was found three genotypes namely CC, CT, and TT. The allele frequency in all types of sheep was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A SNP of the KIF12 was associated (P&lt;0.05) with characteristic of carcass, including length of carcass. The association of KIF12 with meat quality was significant (P&lt;0.05) too associated with pH and water holding capasity (WHC). It could be concluded that KIF12 gene is a potential candidate gene for carcass characteristic and meat quality traits in sheep

Qualitative Morphological Characterization of Male Indonesian Local Sheep Breeds on Java Island, Indonesia

Background: Sheep is one of the small ruminant types widely distributed and popular in Indonesia, especially on Java Island. This study aimed to characterize male Indonesian local sheep breeds on Java Island based on their qualitative morphological traits. Methods: This study identified twenty-nine qualitative morphological characteristics in 627 head sheep consisting of Priangan, Garut, Batur, Wonosobo, Javanese Thin Tailed (JTT), Javanese Fat-Tailed (JFT) and Sapudi sheep. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Chi-square analysis (X2), multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and NTSYS-pc version 2.11. Result: All the qualitative morphological traits variables were significantly different (P less than 0.01) between the seven sheep breeds. Seven sheep breeds could be categorized into three groups: 1) JFT and Sapudi sheep; 2) JTT, Priangan and Garut sheep; and 3) Batur and Wonosobo sheep. The Garut and Batur sheep have the most distant relationship (26.781). The JFT and Sapudi sheep have the closest relationship (1.345), as well as between Batur and Wonosobo sheep (10.064) and between Priangan and JTT sheep (2.453). Garut sheep have the most distant relationship with other sheep breeds, except with Priangan (4.259) and JTT (8.157) sheep. It was concluded that male Indonesian local sheep breeds on Java Island could be characterized using qualitative morphological traits.

Physiological Responses, Performance, Behaviour, and Welfare of Garut Sheep Cared using Semi-Intensive System in Indonesia

Sheep farming in Indonesia still relies on the intensive system which is very labor-intensive, movement restrictions, and reduced quantity of sheep can be kept, developed countries, on the other hand, have evolved a semi-intensive system that may minimize the number of staff while still providing welfare to the sheep. This study aimed to compare the performance, physiological responses, behavior, and welfare of reared Garut sheep in semi-intensive management with outdoor pen and full indoor pen treatments, employing a T-test experimental design using ten replicates (n=10). This experiment used 20 ewes sheep (one-year-old) with an average body weight of 18.74±2.53 kg. This experiment found no difference in dry matter intake (gram/head/day) or average daily gain (gram/head/day) between both treatments (P0.05). When compared to ewes with full indoor pen, ewes with access to outdoor pen had better physiological status especially heart rate and respiratory rate, particularly in the morning and afternoon (P0.05). The ratio of blood N/L for ewes with an outdoor pen showed better results (P0.05), and the rearing environment also did not show any difference nor induce stress on livestock with access to outdoor pen (P0.05). Ewes' welfare increases and they become more active after being provided access to outdoor pen. In conclusion, a semi-intensive system with an outside enclosure enhances Garut ewes' performance while also improving their physiological health and welfare index fulfillment. This approach has to be promoted throughout Indonesia for better farming management.

Optimizing Reproductive Performances of Garut Sheep as Superior Local Genetic Resources by Modification of Dietary Grass and Concentrate Balances

High-quality Garut rams are important to be selected for Garut sheep development to include improving their semen qualities. The semen quality is highly affected by dietary nutrient intake. This research aimed to conclude the effect of different grass and concentrate balances on performance and semen qualities such as motility, abnormality, the integrity of plasma membrane, and acrosome cap sperms of Garut rams. This research was conducted from August 25th, 2020, to February 2nd, 2021, at Margawati Sheep Breeding Center. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used to compare 3 different grass and concentrate balance treatments (T1 = 80% grass: 20% concentrate; T2 = 60% grass: 40% concentrate; and T3 = 40% grass: 60% concentrate) on performance and semen qualities of Garut rams using 6 replicates (n = 6). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed there was no different among the treatments on average daily gain (ADG, g/head/day) and dry matter intake (DMI, g/head/day) but increasing level of dietary concentrate resulted in increased motility (P<0.01), reduced abnormality (P<0.05), increased integrity of plasma membrane (P<0.001) and increased acrosome cap (P<0.001) of sperms of Garut Rams. The T2 treatment resulted in an optimal grass (60%) and concentrate (40%) balance. In conclusion, increased dietary concentrate did not significantly increase the daily weight gain, but it improved the Garut ram’s semen quality.