Garment Simulation Research Articles

Reproducibility of the 3D-Models for Baby and Mother phantom using the platform 3D-Slicer

The evolution of segmentation over the years has offered unlimited potential, with extensive applications in the field of Anatomy. Female pelvis anatomy is reaping great benefits, especially in terms of surgical planning and guidance. Personalize mannequin design are the basic element in virtual garment simulation and visualization and mannequin construction from scanned point cloud and regenerates their shapes by inputting variant dimension., we will describe the segmentation of an existing mannequin and regenerating a new one through 3D Slicer platform, this work is the result of cooperative work between CIGT (Image Guided Therapy Center in the Faculty of Medicine in Nouakchott University-Mauritania) and the IUIBS (Institute for Biomedical and Healthcare Research- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canarias- Spain), involving the segmentation and generation of 3D models for both baby and mother using the 3D Slicer platform.

An Effective Method for Slicing Triangle Meshes Using a Freeform Curve

Slicing 3D polygonal meshes is a fundamental operation in various applications such as virtual surgery, garment simulation, and game development. Existing methods primarily slice meshes using either a single line or a set of line segments approximating a smooth curve. This paper introduces a novel approach to freely slice a triangle mesh using a freeform curve without discretizing it into line segments. The user draws a stroke on the screen, defining the desired cutting trajectory. Subsequently, a freeform curve approximating this stroke is generated and extended into a ruled surface in the user’s viewing direction. To efficiently compute intersections between the ruled surface and a triangle mesh, the Line–Surface Intersection (LSI) problem is broken down into two subproblems: Plane–Curve Intersection (PCI) followed by Line–Line Intersection (LLI). Intersection points are then connected to form polylines, effectively cutting the mesh into multiple submeshes. To ensure the solidity of the submeshes, cross-sections are generated by trimming the ruled surface along the polylines and merged with the corresponding submeshes. Our method empowers users to slice triangle meshes along arbitrary trajectories encompassing both straight and freely curved paths while preserving efficiency and accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through experimental results showing various examples of mesh slicing.

Estimating Cloth Simulation Parameters From Tag Information and Cusick Drape Test

AbstractIn recent years, the fashion apparel industry has been increasingly employing virtual simulations for the development of new products. The first step in virtual garment simulation involves identifying the optimal simulation parameters that accurately reproduce the drape properties of the actual fabric. Recent techniques advocate for a data‐driven approach, estimating parameters from outcomes of a Cusick drape test. Such methods deviate from standard Cusick drape tests, introducing high‐cost tools, which reduces practicality. Our research presents a more practical model, utilizing 2D silhouette images from the ISO‐standardized Cusick drape test. Notably, while past models have shown limitations in estimating stretching parameters, our novel approach leverages the fabric's tag information including fabric type and fiber composition. Our proposed model functions as a cascaded system: first, it estimates stretching parameters using tag information, then, in the subsequent step, it considers the estimated stretching parameters alongside the fabric sample's Cusick drape test results to determine bending parameters. We validated our model against existing methods and applied it in practical scenarios, showing promising outcomes. (see https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012)

Classification and analysis of fabric types for shirts: A comparison between virtual and real fabrics

The 3D virtual simulation technology is widely applied in the fashion industry tasks, including product planning such as 3D sample work, design development, marketing, and display, enabling styling of virtual models for differentiation. Achieving a digital representation of fabrics that closely resembles actual materials requires additional information obtained through experiments, beyond basic fabric characteristics like fiber content, weight, and thickness. However, research reflecting changes in fabric properties is relatively lacking. Therefore, this study aims to propose criteria for the physical characteristics of shirt fabrics and compare fit variations of virtual garments based on fabric properties to enhance the usability of virtual garment simulation. Thus, we compared and analyzed the characteristics and draping properties of shirt fabrics using two different fabric testing methods, KES-FB and CLO Fabric Kit, and investigated correlations based on each measurement device. Additionally, virtual clothing was performed based on various fabrics to compare clothing suitability. Consequently, we classified fabrics into three clusters for each measurement method and confirmed the characteristics of each cluster. Furthermore, by visually comparing the fit of shirts based on fabric properties, we observed changes in clothing pressure and deformation rate among clusters. Therefore, we believe that the results of this study can assist designers with low proficiency in 3D virtual garment production when applying virtual materials to designs. These findings are expected to be valuable for utilizing 3D virtual clothing simulations in the fashion industry for online sales and marketing, as well as in the gaming industry for avatar costume design.

Comparative Analysis of Slacks Pattern for Women with Slim Waists -focusing on 3D virtual garment simulation-

Comparative Analysis of Slacks Pattern for Women with Slim Waists -focusing on 3D virtual garment simulation-

Fabric mechanical parameters for 3D cloth simulation in apparel CAD: A systematic review

The primary objective of 3D virtual garment simulation within apparel CAD systems is to generate a highly realistic garment that accurately conform to the human body. However, due to the complexity of textile mechanics, variations in measurement technology, and the absence of standardized units of mechanical parameters, there exists considerable confusion surrounding the implementation of mechanical parameters in cloth simulation. Consequently, the accuracy of cloth simulation varies significantly among different apparel CAD systems. This research article aims to enhance the understanding of the fabric mechanical behaviors, measurement techniques, and parameters essential for cloth simulation. To achieve this objective, we first present a concise overview of current garment simulation in apparel CAD systems, focusing on the utilized mechanical parameters and methods for simulation accuracy evaluation. Subsequently, we delve into the fundamental principles of mechanical behavior, discussing measurement methodologies and proposing parameter unifications along with appropriate data ranges. Finally, we conduct a comprehensive review of cloth models and the requisite parameters, while also exploring simulation-based approaches for parameter estimation. This work provides crucial insights into fabric mechanical parameters essential for achieving accurate 3D virtual garment simulation. The findings and information presented herein can be effectively utilized to enhance the precision and fidelity of apparel CAD systems, thereby facilitating advancements in virtual garment design and production.

3D GARMENT SIMULATION AS A TOOL TO ACTUALIZE THE DESIGN IDEAS OF FASHION STUDENTS

This study explores how fashion design students perceive using 3D garment simulation to create their
 design ideas. As a part of an elective course taught in Fall 2022, twelve students were given a project to
 prepare virtual and physical garments of their design. The study had two parts: First was understanding
 students' expectations about 3D garment simulation before starting the project, and second was
 understanding students’ experience after completing the project and comparing their before and after
 project experiences. Accordingly, a structured questionnaire measured on a seven-point Likert scale was
 applied to the students before starting their project to see their self-confidence of using 3D garment
 simulation, and after the project to understand their self-evaluations of their performance and difficulties
 they encountered during the project. The first part of the study presented here shows that students had a
 high self-confidence (M=5.16) that they will successfully apply their project digitally and it will be
 similar to their physical garment (M=5.50). Still, they were not so confident if the digital garment would
 be visually satisfying (M=4.92). Students were highly convinced that using 3D garment simulation is
 very useful (M=6.42) to visualize their projects before starting to work on it and they had high intention
 (M= 6.00) to use it in the future. After project results showed that students self-evaluated their
 performance higher than before project expectations. Students' evaluations for the perceived usefulness
 of 3D garment simulation to visualize their project and intention to use it in the future dropped after the
 project (M= 6.17 and M=5.75, respectively). Finally, students had the most difficulty creating the
 patterns and achieving the correct digital fit.

Developing of slacks clothing pattern for the elderly men using a 3D virtual garment simulation system

Developing of slacks clothing pattern for the elderly men using a 3D virtual garment simulation system

Simulation of Weft Knitted Fabric Using Three-DimensionalYarn Loops and Grid and Spring Mass Models

The existing knitted fabric simulation methods cannot be effectively applied to three-dimensional (3D) modeling and simulation of weft knitted garments due to the lack of simple and convenient 3D dynamic simulation models for weft knitted fabrics. This paper presents a method of constructing a loop model by coupling the grid model with the spring mass model. The simulation of weft knitted fabric with real effects was achieved through the coupled model construction of the loop model combined with the yarn simulation generation algorithm and yarn collision response algorithm. The method presented in this paper can quickly and simply simulate the design of weft knitted clothing with loop structure. It provides a reference for the 3D simulation design of weft knitted fabric.

Investigating knitwear product development in small and medium enterprises: A report of practices related to environmental sustainability

There is rising interest into the inner workings of the fashion supply chain due to increasing concern surrounding environmental impact, social responsibility, and economic growth. Studies designed to understand the fashion industry often presume the knitwear sector to follow the linear product development process of the woven garment sector. However, knitwear practitioners are profoundly aware of many complex distinctions, one example being the ability to seamlessly create three dimensional garments with minimal finishing. In spite of these differences, there is little known research which specifically identifies the current knitwear design and manufacture system, or how often such seamless production methods are utilised. To bridge the gap in knowledge, a quantitative questionnaire was designed for a holistic overview of the key product development processes within knitwear small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The questionnaire had three focuses, design, manufacture, and retail, reflecting the sectors dynamism. 31 companies of varying sizes completed the survey, of these, 26 designed knitwear, 25 manufactured it, and 21 companies retailed directly to consumers. Results showed that the sampled SMEs have a keen interest in developing sustainable products, albeit at surface level, with most choosing to reduce impact through their material and fibre choices, with less importance placed on manufacturing processes. Other revelations included the low uptake of 3D garment simulation software, designed to reduce the need for multiple prototypes and the reliance on cut and sew processes. This study revealed several areas where environmental impact can be reduced and aims to inform future studies within the knitwear industry focused on material use, product life-cycle analysis, waste reduction and digital technology adoption.

Simulation techniques for smart textile predictive design

Smart textiles must combine both textile and electronic systems into one product. This presents challenges as each industry has their own design and evaluation standards that are not compatible with one another. As such, smart textile designers tend to rely heavily on the production and iteration of physical prototypes to create a product that meets the specified design criteria. One emerging tool in the apparel industry that has potential to shorten the prototyping cycle is 3D CAD for textiles, also known as 3D garment simulation. While typically used for apparel design and e-commerce, this work presents two case studies that demonstrate how 3D garment simulation can be used as a tool for predictive design of smart textile products. In particular, how strain-dependent properties such as resistance and contact pressure can be predicted and how designs can be optimized to achieve certain performance metrics.

3D Virtual Garment Simulation and Facial Expression Recognition Technologies, Beauty Filter-based Appealing Self-presentation and Generative Artificial Intelligence Virtual Try-on Tools, and Deep Learning-based Gesture Recognition and Augmented Reality Face Makeup Systems for Body-Image Affective Judgments and Dysfunctional Appearance Beliefs

3D Virtual Garment Simulation and Facial Expression Recognition Technologies, Beauty Filter-based Appealing Self-presentation and Generative Artificial Intelligence Virtual Try-on Tools, and Deep Learning-based Gesture Recognition and Augmented Reality Face Makeup Systems for Body-Image Affective Judgments and Dysfunctional Appearance Beliefs

Virtualization of Clothing Thermal Comfort in 3D Simulations

Virtual simulations have become a part of design and marketing from personal use to professional designs and provide virtual realism to a great extent. With rapidly developing technology, nowadays it has attracted much more attentions especially in textile processes. The 3D virtual garment simulation provides the textile producers and fashion designers with benefits in terms of product development, customization of garments and speed to market. While most of the software focuses just on visual design, some major software manufacturers (Lectra, Optitex, Gerber, etc.) try to develop programs to accurately simulate fabric behavior as well as visual modeling. When the literature studies are examined, it is seen that the simulations in which the fabric mechanical and physical properties are defined, provide virtual realism to a large extent. But this is just regarding to the ergonomic comfort of the garment and virtually no garment simulations exist for the realistic prediction of thermal comfort. The estimation of clothing thermal comfort is very helpful for designing garments, especially sports and works garments where thermal comfort plays an crucial role for the status of the wearer. To make a method to realistic solution to virtualize the thermal comfort of clothing: virtual body properties, garment design, clothing drapability, thermal characteristics of fabric and the thermoregulation of the human body according to different conditions should be considered all together.

A strain gradient strategy to quantifying longitudinal compression behavior in slender fibrous assembly structures

Slender fibrous assembled structures can easily buckle under longitudinal compressive load. The limitation in characterizing the longitudinal compression behavior poses a significant challenge to the mechanics optimization of such structures. To address this challenge, we use one-dimensional yarns as a model system, and the yarns are deformed in bending to form a strain gradient, from tension to compression, along the radial direction of the yarns. The compression modulus as a function of compression strain is calculated based on bi-moduli elastic theory. The evolution of the fiber arrangement and the position of the neutral layer in the yarn is interpreted along with the change of compression modulus. Also, the local stress distribution in the bent yarn was determined by finite element simulation, and it is remarked that the bending property of yarns is sensitive to the compression modulus. The present study offers insights on the modeling and simulation of fabrics and garments in drape and bending deformation. Results from such investigations can provide effective guidance for the mechanical and structural design of textiles and textile-based composites.

Improvement of Virtual Simulation by Means of Sewing Patterns

The aim of this study is to improve the virtual garment simulation in terms of fit prediction and new body measurements application. In our study, fit criteria of the back pattern blocks was established. The important body measurements of neck, shoulder and armhole area were measured on cross-section to evaluate the pattern block. New method of sewing patterns evaluation can be used to check the correctness of blouse pattern block effectively and improve the virtual technology.

In-home application (App) for 3D virtual garment fitting dressing room

This work introduces a novel method for the creation of an in-home virtual dressing room for garment fitting using an integrated system consisting of personalized 3D body model reconstruction and garment fitting simulation. Our method gives saliency to and establishes a relational interconnection between the massive scatter points on the 3D generic model. Starting with a small set of anthropometric interconnected ordered intrinsic control points residing on the silhouette of the projections of the generic model, corresponding control points on two canonical images of the person are automatically found – hence importing equivalent saliency between the two sets. Further equivalent saliencies between the projected points from the generic model and the canonical images are established through a loop subdivision process. Human shape mesh personalization is done through morphing the points on the generic model to follow and be consistent with their equivalent points on the canonical images. The 3D reconstruction yields sub resolution errors (high level accuracy) when compared to the average resolution of the original model using the CAESAR dataset. The reconstructed model is then fitted with garments sized to the 3D personalized model given at least one frontal image of the garment with no requirement for a full 3D view of the garment. Our method can also be applied to virtual fitting system for online stores and/or for clothing design and personalized garment simulation. The method is convenient, simple, efficient, and requires no intervention from the user aside from taking two images with a camera or smart phone.

Wrinkle synthesis for cloth mesh with hermite radial basis functions

Designing virtual clothing has received much attention recently due to the increasing need for synthesizing realistically dressed digital humans for various applications. Wrinkles are an important appearance feature of the garment in virtual environments. Generating such wrinkles currently requires a computationally expensive simulation or specialized design skills. We present a new geometric method for adding believable wrinkles to existing virtual clothing. The key novelty of our work is to use Hermite Radial Based Functions (HRBF) to reconstruct an approximation of the clothing mesh. Our method takes advantage of angles between gradients of adjacent HRBF scalar fields to trace spatially and temporally coherent wrinkle curves on a cloth mesh. We generate plausible wrinkle geometry using implicit deformers following the wrinkle curves. Our method can be used as a post-processing step on any garment simulation system. The results obtained demonstrate that our approach produces believable wrinkles and it is very satisfactory in terms of performance. The method is fully automatic and provides a large set of parameters that can be modified by the user in order to control the appearance of the resulting wrinkles in real-time and thus obtain the desired result.

Predicting ready-made garment dressing fit for individuals based on highly reliable examples

Predicting the dressing fit of a ready-made garment for different individuals is a challenging problem in online garment sales. At present, the main solution involves physics-based virtual garment simulation, which has limitations in terms of a lack of sufficient reality and high computational costs. In this study, we developed a novel example-based method to guarantee the high reality and efficiency of garment dressing fit prediction using two methods. First, highly reliable examples were captured with the assistance of a robotic mannequin, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the sample data. Second, a mapping was established between the body-garment ease allowance and garment deformations using a convolutional neural network-based network in order to address the problem of dressing fit prediction for ready-made garments on different individuals. This method can also be extended to predicting the dressing fit for ready-made garments with similar styles. Experiments showed our virtual clothes try-on system obtained acceptable precision with a good sense of reality, and it can potentially be used in many applications such as three-dimensional garment design and online clothes retail.

Patterns simulation in the 3D virtual stitching and try-on system

PurposeThe paper presents a method for the patterns simulation in the 3D virtual stitching and try-on system.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the patterns are designed using the garment CAD software and stored in the DXF format. Second, the regular grid method is employed to mesh the patterns to be quadrangular, and the patterns triangular meshing can be obtained by connecting the diagonal of the quadrangular. Then a mass-spring model is established, and the forces analysis and the explicit Euler integration method are employed to accomplish the patterns simulation. The paper demonstrates the robustness of our simulation through two sets of experiments, including a lady’s dress patterns meshing experiments and the experiments of the virtual stitching of the lady’s dress.FindingsThe patterns meshing algorithm can meet the requirements of the internal meshing and the boundary meshing, and it is very important to select an appropriate meshing density. The implementation of the virtual stitching of the lady’s dress proves the effectiveness and usability of the simulation methods.Research limitations/implicationsThe lady’s dress used in the experiments is a relatively simple fashion style, with only the front and back pattern. It is very worthy of further research on the effectiveness of the complex structure of clothing.Practical implicationsThe paper includes practical implications of the methods of the patterns meshing and the virtual stitching of the simple fashion styles.Originality/valueThe simulation system is developed using VC++ 2015 with the help of the OpenGL functions library, which is proved as a simple, lower computation and robustness for the patterns simulation of the simple garments.

Comparing physical to virtual: fit and appearance of multi-layered cultural garments

This study sought to expand the use of virtual technology to include multi-layered non-western cultural garments and compare these complex garments, physically and virtually. In addition, 3D simulation of non-western garments could benefit the emerging Chinese market. The study included five parts: material selection, avatar customization, physical multi-layered garment construction, virtual multi-layered garment construction, and evaluation of the physical and virtual garment appearance and fit using an online survey. This study found that multi-layered cultural garments could be relatively effectively simulated in virtual software, such as EFI Optitex. Moreover, number of fabric layers did not significantly affect either appearance or fit similarity between virtual and physical garments. Based on these results, it can be concluded that virtual presentation has great potential as a tool to evaluate the appearance of a garment in a relatively simple and quick way.