Garlic Cv Research Articles

Exogenous applications of salicylic acid, ethrel and cycocel: Synergistic effects on yield, quality and storability in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Ooty 2

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a valuable bulb crop, known for its rich bioactive compounds and health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various foliar spray treatments on the growth, yield and quality of garlic cv. Ooty 2. The treatments included a control, 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm of salicylic acid, cycocel at 1000 ppm and ethrel 200, 300 ppm sprayed at 45 and 60 days after planting. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications. Results revealed that salicylic acid 300 ppm increased growth traits followed by ethrel 300 ppm over the control. Cycocel 1000 ppm showed that high bulb yield and less reduction in quality characters viz., TSS (39.2 ?Brix), acidity (0.38 %), ascorbic acid (11.25 mg 100 g-1), total carbohydrate (39.82 g 100 g-1) and phenolics (4.10 mg 100 g-1) content during 3 months storage period, followed by ethrel 300 ppm. Additionally lowest levels of physiological loss in weight (17.47 %), rubbering (5.13 %), rotting (5.88 %) and total loss (23.64 %) was observed compared to all other treatments during the storage period. The results indicate that cycocel at 1000 ppm had the most beneficial effects and can be effectively used to enhance the harvest, post-harvest traits and quality and storability of garlic bulbs.

Integrated effect of organic manures and organic liquid formulations on growth and yield of Garlic cv. Agrifound Parvati in Bharsar condition of Uttarakhand

Integrated effect of organic manures and organic liquid formulations on growth and yield of Garlic cv. Agrifound Parvati in Bharsar condition of Uttarakhand

Response of plant growth regulators on growth and yield traits of garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cv. Yamuna Safed

Response of plant growth regulators on growth and yield traits of garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cv. Yamuna Safed

Optimizing Yield and Quality of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Anand Kesari through Planting Time and Plant Spacing Management

Optimizing Yield and Quality of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Anand Kesari through Planting Time and Plant Spacing Management

Effect of Trichoderma and Humic Acid on Vegetative Growth and Economics of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) CV. G-282

The present investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of Trichoderma on growth, yield, quality and economic feasibility of garlic at Under this experiment, the two factors (T1 Trichoderma viride and T2 Trichoderma harzianum) used in which T0 Control, T1 Trichoderma viride T2 Trichoderma harzianum and H0 Control, H1 Humic acid 1%, H2 Humic acid 2%, H3 Humic acid 3% which were replicated thrice. On the basis of results obtained during the present investigation T2 (Trichoderma harzianum)) along with the interaction of H3 Humic acid 3% was found superior in terms of growth and economy. Treatment T2 (Trichoderma harzianum) registered maximum value of 314918 /ha. with highest B: C ratio (2.69) and minimum value of 248258 /ha. under control with lowest B: C ratio (2.14).

EFFECTS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON WINTER GARLIC PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND PERFORMANCE

Purpose. To improve elements of winter garlic cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The study was intended to locally apply mineral fertilizers at different doses and to assess their effect on the winter garlic yield. Methods. Field, statistical, computational, analytical, laboratory. Results. The study demonstrated that local application of mineral fertilizers influenced quantitative and qualitative characteristics and increased the yield of winter garlic cv. 'Prometei'. The largest vegetative mass of winter garlic was formed at mineral fertilizer doses of N10P10K40 and N13P40K13; in these experimental variants, plants were 38.6–38.0% taller than the control ones; the leaf area increased by 110.7–115.2 cm2/plant. At mineral fertilizer doses of N30P10K10 and N20N20N20, the parameters were slightly lower; however, plants were 37.3 and 36.5% taller than in the control, respectively, and the leaf area increased by 40.5–42.7 cm2/plant. The application of fertilizers during the winter garlic cultivation helped to increase the yield. The best results were obtained with local fertilization at N10P10K40 and N13P40K13: 7.7–5.9 t/ha more was harvested than in the control. Mineral fertilizer doses of N30P10K10 and N20N20N20 raised the yield by 5.1 and 3.1 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Thus, in the study of the effects of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the winter garlic performance, it was shown that the largest vegetative mass was produced at N10P10K40 and N13P40K13: in these experimental variants, plants were 6.9 and 7.9 cm taller than control ones, respectively, and the assimilation surface increased by 110.7–115.2 cm2/plant. Positive changes were observed in the N30P10K10 and N20N20N20 experiments: plants were 5.7 and 4.3 cm taller, respectively, and the leaf area increased by 40.5–42.7 cm2/plant. The application of fertilizers during the winter garlic cultivation helped to increase the crop yield. The best results were recorded when mineral fertilizers were applied at doses of N10P10K40 and N13P40K13: the crop yield was 7.1 and 9.4 t/ha, respectively. The mineral fertilizer doses of N30P10K10 and N20N20N20 significantly increased the yield (by 5.8–4.6 t/ha).

Effect of Different Irrigation Levels and Methods of Humic Acid Addition on Growth, Yield and Storability of Garlic

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different levels of irrigation at 40%, 60% and 80% of available soil moisture depletion (ASMD) and humic acid application methods (without, soil application, foliar application and soil application + foliar) on growth, productivity and storability of garlic cv. Sids-40. Results indicated that highest values of irrigation water applied (IWA),were found to be 3359 and 3162 m3/fed due to 40% ASMD comparison with other two irrigation treatments in both seasons respectively. Also, results reveal that 80% ASMD irrigation treatments could save about 31.0% and 29.8% of the applied water, compared with 40% ASMD in both seasons respectively. Furthermore, the irrigation after depletion of 40%, 60% ASMD with applying soil conditioner and foliar application of humic acid increased the plant length, leaves number, neck diameter, bulb diameter, bulb fresh weight, fresh and dray weight of plant as well as the yield of bulbs, cloves fresh weight/bulb, cloves number/bulb, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average clove weight, nitrogen, phosphors, potassium and carbohydrates content. While, the proline and total pungency of garlic increased significantly and the percentage of weight loss (%) after two, four and seven months of the storage as a result of irrigation decreased after 80% ASMD with soil application plus spraying with humic acid. Also, average water utilization efficiency, increased by using 60% ASMD with soil and foliar application of humic acid (HS+ HF) followed by 80% ASMD with HS+ HF then 40% ASMD treatments with HS+ HF in both seasons.

Improving Seed Productivity of Garlic By Using Nitrogen, Potassium Fertilization and Some Growth Regulators تحسين إنتاج تقاوى الثوم بإستخدام التسميد النيتروجينى والبوتاسى وبعض منظمات النمو

Two field experiments were conducted under Egyptian conditions at Kaha Vegetables Research Farm, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre to study the effect of the high nitrogen and potassium levels and two growth regulators, Cytokinin at 2.5 ppm and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) at 100 ppm on the growth and seed yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Sids 40. The obtained results showed that increasing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer up to 150 % NK. of the recommended rate (120 kg N + 72 kg K2O fed-1), significantly improved most studied growth traits (plant length, number of leaves, leaf area, total fresh weight, total plant dry weight), bulb characters, chemical constituents, yield, and yield components. Moreover, 150 % NK combined with GA3 + CPPU foliar spraying resulted in the highest average bulb weight, average glove weight and bulb. The obtained results confirm that garlic seed yield could be improve by N, K nutrition and foliar application of GA3 and CPPU.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Garlic cv. Yamuna Safed-3

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the impact of different INM doses on yield and quality parameters of garlic. A total of ten treatments consisting of combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers like T1- (Control), T2RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T3-RDF + 20 kg sulphur + FYM 20 ton ha-1, T4- RDF + 20 kg sulphur + VC 4 ton ha-1, T5- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 5 ton FYM ha-1+ PSB 5 kg ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 2 ton VC + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1, T7- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 3 ton + VC 1 ton+ PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5kg ha-1, T8- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg ha-1, T9- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM5 ton + VC 2 ton+ Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1and T10- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1 were used in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Out of these an application of T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM3 ton + VC 1 ton ha-1 + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1) was found to be significantly superior in term of yield and attributing parameters of garlic.

English

English

Does split nitrogen application increase garlic yield and quality?

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is essential for obtaining high garlic yields and satisfying commercial requirements for bulb diameter. However, excess nitrogen may favor the development of lateral shoots. This study aimed to examine the effect of different N application strategies on garlic yield and quality. The experiment was conducted in the field using garlic cv. Chonan and four N fertilization strategies (T1, N fertilizer applied at 15-day intervals; T2, N fertilizer applied before and after clove differentiation; T3, N fertilizer applied before clove differentiation; and T4, N fertilizer applied after clove differentiation). All treatments received the same N rate (210 kg ha-1). A single N application before clove differentiation (T3) favored lateral shoot growth, resulting in the highest incidence of this defect (11.66%). The other treatments did not differ in lateral shoot incidence. Four classes (3–6) of bulb diameter were observed, with treatments ranked in decreasing order as T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. There were no significant differences in garlic yield between single N application treatments (T3 and T4). However, garlic yield differed by 73% between T1 (13,329 kg ha-1) and T4 (7,679 kg ha-1), by 55.31% between T2 (11,927 kg ha-1) and T4, and by 36% between T1 and T3 (9,783 kg ha-1). These results indicate that two N fertilization strategies can be adopted in high-quality garlic production: fortnightly N fertilization or split N application before and after clove differentiation. A single N application is not recommended, regardless of application timing, as it promotes lateral shoot growth and reduces garlic quality and yield.

Elimination of Garlic common latent virus from garlic through meristem culture and thermotherapy

Virus infection on garlic (Allium sativum) can be accumulated through vegetative propagation and may cause yield losses. It was evidenced in this study that infection of GCLV on garlic seed cv ‘Tawangmangu Baru’ reached 100% based on detection using DIBA (Dotimmuno binding assay). This research was initiated to obtain an elimination method of GCLV from garlic seed bulbs of cv ‘Tawangmangu Baru’. Tissue culture-based method was used in this research involving isolation of 1.0 mm meristem from micro shoots followed by thermotherapy at 25 °C, 28 °C, 31 °C, and heterogeneous temperatures for 4 wk. Virus indexing was conducted using RT-PCR on micro shoots that grown after treatment. The results showed that meristem culture and thermotherapy did not affect the growth of micro shoots based on assessment on the percentage of surviving explants, plant height, and the number of leaves. Infection of GCLV was still detected on micro shoots after thermotherapy, i.e. 64% to 91%. Virus infection on garlic cv ‘Tawangmangu Baru’ was not totally eliminated by meristem culture and thermotherapy. Factors affecting this result will be discussed in this paper as well as methodology improvement to produce virus-free garlic with high multiplication rate of explants.

Impact of harvest date on the content of volatile components in garlic

The aim of this study was to define optimal harvesting date of garlic cv. 'Istarski crveni' by comparing the amount of volatile compounds as one of quality indicators. In total 17 volatile compounds were determined in tested garlic samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection (HS-SPME-GC-FID-MS) regardless of harvesting date. Major volatiles diallyl trisulfide, diallyl sulfide, methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide representing 98.5 % of all the determined compounds have shown no significant difference between harvest dates. Significantly higher content of the two minor volatiles, allyl mercaptane and thieno[2,3-b]thiophene, was found in the last and second when compared to the first harvest date. Principal components PC1 and PC2 explained 78% of the total variance and pointed to certain relations between harvest dates and volatiles. The technological maturity had probably been reached at the first harvesting date since similar amounts of volatiles were found during the observed period.

In-vitro scape and bulb formation in garlic (Allium sativum)

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the important spices crops that required on daily basis in kitchens and cuisines across the world. Scape or flowering stalk induction is highly important for crop improvement as garlic is a vegetatively propagated crop. However, scape formation has not achieved yet by any means. Meristems (0.1 0.3 mm) of garlic cv. Bhima Purple were cultured in vitro on basal MS medium fortified with 0.1 mgl−1 NAA, 1.0 mgl−1 Kinetin and 3% sucrose (w/v). Proliferated meristems (mericlones) were sub-cultured after 10-15 days. About 55-60 days old cultures were sub-cultured on MS + 1 mgl−1 Kinetin + 6% sucrose in liquid medium for microbulbil induction and maintained till its harvest. Microbulbils were induced on mericlones after about 70-75 days after initial inoculation. In vitro induced bulbils transformed into a small garlic bulb having 2-3 cloves or microbulbils after 110-115 days of initial culturing. Subsequently after 125-130 days the maiden in-vitro scape formation was observed. It showed a ray of light to use this alternative strategy, i.e. in-vitro scape induction to induce flowering stalk in garlic. Also, the successful in-vitro bulb development reported first time herein would give an opportunity of mass production of garlic without managing cumbersome field propagations.

Garlic Pink Rot Disease and Crop Yield as Affected by Salinity and Irrigation Water Deficit

Greenhouse experiments were conducted in Ismailia governorate (El-Kassassine county), Egypt, during 2017/2018 growing seasons to determine the effect of both water salinity or water deficit at different treatments consisted of four levels of salinity (10, 15, 20 and 25 mM NaCl/L) and 3 rates of water stress (80, 60 and 40% W.H.C.) on pink root incidence and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. (Sids-40), as well as the garlic plant responses. Irrigation with saline water increased pink root incidence in garlic inoculated with Pyrenochaeta terrestris, and yield was decreased. Irrigation of garlic until 20 mM NaCl/L did not affect cloves germination, plant height, leaves dry weight, cell sap concentration and proline concentration, but partial effect was observed at 25 mM NaCl/L of garlic grown in soil uninfested with the tested pathogen. Garlic plants exposed to 80% rate of W.H.C. weren’t significantly affected, disease incidence, cloves germination, plant height, leaves dry weight, cell sap concentration and proline concentration and yield produced from infested or uninfested soils showed insignificant variation in comparison with 100 % W.H.C. At 60 and 40 % rates of W.H.C., noticeable increases in pink root incidence were found on plants inoculated with P. terrestris, and their yield was decreased. Cloves germination, plant height and leaves dry weight values were significantly reduced, whereas cell sap concentration and proline concentration values were significantly increased under water deficit of plants grown in uninfested soil comparing to the check. In this respect, 40% of W.H.C. highly affected the disease incidence and crop yield compared to the other tested rates.

Effects of Temperature on The Quality of Garlic (Allium sativum L) cv. Lumbu Kuning During Storage

The quality of garlic bulbs may be deteriorated under storage. This work aimed to study the effect of storage temperature on the quality of garlic during storage. A local garlic variety, i.e. Lumbu Kuning was used in the study. The bulbs were collected from a farmer. After drying, the bulbs were subjected to different temperature storage conditions, i.e. 0°>C; 7°C (RH 50-70%, darkness), and a room temperature (29-31°C, RH 70-80%). The treated bulbs were stored for 6 months. The parameters observed were weight, numbers of empty and sprouted bulbs. The treatments were carried out in three replications (54-67 bulbs or 300 g per replicate). The results showed that the highest weight loss was found from the bulbs stored at 7°C (25.08%), followed those stored at the room temperature (18.76%) and 0°C (10.47%). The highest sprouting percentage occurred in those stored at 7°C (25.16%). The empty bulbs percentage was found for that garlic stored at 0°C and a room temperature were 6% and 13%, respectively. The study suggests that storage condition at 0°C is recommended for long-term storage of garlic bulbs.

Effect of Azospirillum brasilense on garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivation

The aim of the study was to study how Azospirillum brasilense influences the quality and growth of garlic cv "Bianco Polesano" An experiment was carried out with 2 treatments: 1) soil inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense (ALO1 strain of the company AZ BEL) and fertilized; 2) soil without Azospirillum, irrigated with water and fertilizer (control). The test showed a significant increase in the agronomic parameters analysed in plants treated with Azospirillum. In fact, all garlic bulbs in which the alpha proteobacterium has been inoculated have shown a significant increase in the weight of the bulbs, the diameter of the bulbs and the weight of the roots. This alpha proteobacterium can also have a positive effect on the solubilization and absorption of minerals present in the soil, especially iron, promoting plant growth, improving product quality, stimulating the hormones GA and IAA and the synthesis of vitamins such as B1, B3, B5. Furthermore, plants treated with Azospirillum brasilense are more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses of various kinds.

Effect of low temperature and period of storage on the quality of Garlic Seeds (Allium sativum L)

The aim the study was to analyze the effect of temperature storage of garlic seeds including weight loss, sprouting and damage during the storage period. The samples of Garlic seeds are local varieties, cv. Lumbu Hijau and cv. Lumbu Kuning were collected from the farmers in Temanggung Regency. The experiments were set at two different temperature conditions, i.e. 5°C and room temperature (29-31°C) as a control. The relative humidity (RH) of storage conditions was 50-70% for cold storage and 70-80% for storage in room temperature. The amout of sampel used was about 47-68 tubers (500 g) for cv. Lumbu Hijau and around 24-32 tubers (500 gr) for cv. Lumbu Kuning, were placed in cold storage at different temperatures and in dark. The period of storage was design for 5 months. All experiments were carried out in three replications. The results showed that the decrease in weight loss for garlic stored at storage temperatures of 5°C and room temperature were 10.48 and 7.46 % for cv. Lumbu Hijau and 15.03 and 11.38 % cv. Lumbu Kuning, respectively. The higest sprouting percentage was found for those seeds garlic cv. Lumbu Kuning at 5°C, i. e, 22.22 %. The highest percentage of damage after 5 months of storage was found in the seeds of garlic cv. Lumbu Hijau stored at room temperature were 2.30 % and cv. Lumbu Kuning at 5°C were 19.04 %.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth characters of garlic (Allium Sativum l.) Cv. Yamuna Safed-3

An experiment was carried out to assess the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth parameters of bulbous spice crop like garlic. Total ten treatments were tried including control with different combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers. Among all the treatments, maximum plant height (80.07cm), number of leaves per plant (8.37), length of longest leaf (46.30cm), leaf width (2.12cm), collar height (6.27cm), collar width (1.44cm), fresh weight of plants (48.43g) and oven dry weight of plants (7.59g) were recorded with the application of 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 3 ton FYM + 1 ton VC+ PSB +Azotobacter (T7) and the minimum values were expressed under control (T1). The maximum dry matter content (16.68%) was recorded in control and it was rated in minimum (15.54%) under T2 (RDF (100: 50: 50) followed by T5 (15.64%) and T7 (15.68%). More over maximum days to maturity (136.87 days) were taken by the plants raised in the treatment T1 (Control), whereas the plants fertilized with T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 3 ton FYM + 1 ton VC+ PSB +Azotobacter) had gave earliness in maturity (127.07 days). Therefore, treatment T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 3 ton FYM + 1 ton VC+ PSB +Azotobacter) was found to be superior in almost all the growth characters with comparison to the control.

Effect of exogenous application of phytohormones and fungicides on yield, quality storability and economics of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

In garlic, compactness, firmness and healthy state are important quality attributes that determine market value and consumer preference. Phytohormones (cycocel and ethrel) and fungicides (carbendazim and benomyl) are known to play important role in checking post-harvest losses like physiological weight in loss (PLW), rotting, sprouting etc in long stored crops. Main aim of the study was to investigate the effects of their preharvest application on growth, yield, quality and storability of garlic cv. Agrifound Parvati. Results suggested that exogenous application of CCC at 1000 ppm applied at 90 days (bulb development stage) and 150 days (50% neck fall stage) significantly increased growth and yield related parameters in garlic. This hormone maintained higher levels of sulphur content after harvest, which proved helpful in reducing PLW of bulbs significantly during ambient storage period of 4 months. Economically, cost benefit ratio in this treatment was high, both at harvest and after storage as compared to other treatments and control. Fungicides on the other hand, had more or less similar effect on growth and yield parameters but showed significant effect on post-harvest losses of garlic as compared to control. Hence, application of CCC at critical stages of alliums can be tried for reducing postharvest losses during long periods of ambient storage.