Gardi Medical College Research Articles

Clinical Management and Outcomes of COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis from RD Gardi Medical College

Clinical Management and Outcomes of COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis from RD Gardi Medical College

A DIRECT BONDING TECHNIQUE VERSUS AN INDIRECT BONDING TECHNIQUE - AN IN VIVO ANALYSIS

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the clinical performance of an indirect versus a direct bonding technique in a split mouth study design and to develop a reproducible and cost efficient technique for indirect bonding for clinical use. Methods: This comparative study was conducted on Twelve patients (212 teeth; 106 each in direct and indirect group) who reported to the Department of Dentistry at Ruxmaniben deepchand gardi medical college, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. Transbond XT (3M Unitek) adhesive and primer were used to bond the brackets onto the teeth in both the direct and indirect bonding groups using split mouth study design. Transfer trays constructed using Thermal glue matrix applied through hot glue gun for indirect bonding. The clinical performance was assessed for 6 months. Results: In the 1st month was a failure of one lower 2nd premolar bracket from the indirect bonding group (p=1.00). There on in the subsequent months there were no failures for 6 months. The study showed no statistically significant differences in clinical performance in both group (p=NS). Conclusion: The failure rates for both the indirect and direct bonding techniques in this study were the same. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The indirect bonding technique used in this study was found to be an effective and efficient means of bonding orthodontic brackets. Transbond XT and thermal glue matrix found to be suitable choice for use in indirect bonding technique for clinical use.

CLINICAL FEATURES AND SHORT-TERM OUTCOME OF COVID-19 IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Objectives: To fill the knowledge gap and make a clinical profile (frequency, clinical features and outcome) of COVID-19 paediatric patients attending the tertiary care hospital of central India. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Paediatrics, R.D Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, M.P among 88 age group of 0-18 years admitted consented COVID-19 positive pediatric patients over a period of one year (March 2021 to April 2022). Results: Fever was the most common (76%) complaint, followed by fatigue/ malaise (52%), dry cough and runny nose (45%). Fever stayed for the longest duration (2.80±2.30 days), followed by loss of smell (1.97±2.43 days). Skin rashes stayed for the least duration (0.09±0.39 days). Stunting was observed in 28% participants. Hospital acquired pneumonia was seen in many (26%), along with liver dysfunction in 19%, ARDS in 18%, meningitis/ encephalitis in 16%, MIS-C in 8% and septic shock in 7%. Most of the study participants (49%) had received Azithromycin; while Ivermectin was given to very few participants (16%). Mean duration of stay in hospital was observed to be 9.01±7.95 days. COVID-19 severely hampered the vulnerable section of the society, i.e., the children. Conclusion: The prevalence was found to be more in females, and increased with advancing age. Overcrowding and under nutrition favoured its spread. Children presented with variable complications, as well.

Distribution and Determinants of Obesity among Adults Attending Health Facilities of a Medical College in Ujjain

Introduction: Obesity is a significant risk factor for various serious health conditions, includinghypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. With increasing socio-economic statusand life expectancy in India, the prevalence of obesity is on the rise, contributing to the burden oflifestyle-related disorders. This study aims to investigate the distribution and determinants of obesityamong apparently healthy adults attending health facilities in a medical college located in a rural areaadjoining Ujjain city.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted within the field practice area of the Department ofCommunity Medicine at R.D. Gardi Medical College. A sample size of 354 participants was determinedand data was collected through structured interviews covering socio-demographic information,medical history, anthropometric measurements, and determinants of health. Body mass index (BMI)was computed and participants were classified based on established cut-off points for Asian Indians.Results: Out of 310 fully completed questionnaires, 47.4% of participants were overweight or obese.Age was significantly associated with obesity, with prevalence increasing from 34.1% in the 18 to 30age group to 75% in participants over 60 years. Urban residents had a higher prevalence of obesitycompared to rural residents (53.8 vs 44.1%). Higher educational status, overeating between meals, andwatching television while eating was significantly associated with obesity. Physical inactivity was moreprevalent among overweight or obese participants (59.7 vs 26.3%).Conclusion: The study finds the need for tailored interventions to combat obesity, especially amongfemales, older individuals, urban residents, and those with higher education. Addressing lifestylefactors such as overeating and sedentary behavior is essential in the battle against obesity and associatedchronic diseases.

A STUDY INTO THE DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF FIBER-OPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY AT RURAL MEDICAL COLLEGE IN THE POST COVID ERA

Introduction: Thefiber-optic bronchoscopy (FOB) has become an integral and essential part of respiratory medicine as diagnostic, therapeutic and interventional modality due to advancement that has occurred during last five decades. FOB facilitates direct visualization of centrally located lung pathology and the biopsies can also be procured from lung parenchyma. The diagnostic yield is variable and depends upon available resources and skill. Material and Method: 241 cases of FOB that were performed in post Covid-19 era were evaluated for diagnostic yieldat RD Gardi Medical College hospital, Ujjain, India. Results: 230 cases of FOB done for the diagnosis were considered for study after exclusion of 11 casesin which FOB was performed for therapeutic or other reason. The male predominance was found with > 80% in the patients belonging to age group of 41 yrs and above. The diagnostic yield remained at 82.6% including the inflammatory malignancy, bacterial TB and fungal infection which were 36.3%, 33.7%, 17.9, 7.4% and 3.2 % respectively. Discussion: The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic investigations are prerequisite and determine the indication to perform endoscopy for further evaluation and it helps in selecting procedure during FOB. The gross abnormalities are not always seen but TBLB, TBNA and inflammatory cytology of BAL definitely helpful in diagnostic yield. The minor complications during and post procedure are not uncommon. Occasionally the anatomical variations and anomalies of the airways can also be detected during FOB. Conclusion: The FOB enables to procure tissue and secretions from the airways and also facilitates evaluation of lung parenchyma for diagnosis of underlying pathology. The advancement in multifunctional utility of FOB, supported with basic knowledge of guidelines, with expertise and skill is required for better outcomes.

An anthropometric study of intercondylar femur notch with MRI analysis

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament is the most common ligament injury of knee. The bony anatomy of femur and tibia is responsible for normal knee kinematics and static stability. Intercondylar notch dimensions is considered as a significant predictive risk factor for ACL tear. Narrow femoral intercondylar notch width in either sex were major correlating factors. Aim was to evaluate the intercondylar femur notch dimensions in patients of knee injury using magnetic resonance imaging at RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. Methods: This is a prospective study consist of 400 patients carried out from October 2020 to August 2022 in the Department of Orthopaedics, RDGMC Ujjain. All the patients of knee injury including ACL tear and age 18 years to 60 years are included in the study. Patient less than 18 years and more than 60 years were excluded from the study. Dicom radiant software is used as statistical tool to analyse the data. Various intercondylar notch dimensions in different sections are measured using MRI in the dicom software. Results: The cut off values of axial NWI, NSI, NDI as 0.238, 0.662, 0.472 respectively. Conclusions: We conclude that narrow femoral intercondylar notch, lower notch width index increases the risk of an ACL tear in the given population. This would help in identification of people at risk for ACL injuries. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis on the risk factor of ACL tear, which would help in betterment of the patients at danger for anterior cruciate ligament injury. People with decreased notch dimensions should be educated on the high risk of ACL tear and be given proper prophylactic precautions.

Comparison of Michaelis Rhombus, Height and Foot Length of Patient in Prediction of Mode of Delivery

Background: The Michaelis rhombus, a diamond-shaped area in the lower back is easy to measure. During labor it is thought to move posteriorly, pushing out the wings of the ileum and increasing the diameter of the pelvis. Comparison of Michaelis Rhombus, height and foot length of patient in has been used as a simple means to identify women at risk of cephalo-pelvic disproportion and help in prediction of a safe mode of delivery. Aim and Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the Michaelis rhombus as predictor of contracted pelvis and to compare its efficacy to other measures like maternal height and foot length of labouring and or antenatal mothers. Method: This is a Prospective Observational comparative study conducted on 220 antenatal pregnant women who were admitted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, R. D. Gardi Medical college and C.R.G. Hospital, Surasa, Ujjain (M.P.), India. This study was carried out on pregnant women in the age group of 19-35 years, which were coming for delivery in our hospital with gestational age >36 weeks. Result: Out of 220 subjects 190 delivered by normal delivery and 30 subjects by LSCS. Transverse diagonal was significantly lower in LSCS mean 9.53±0.69 cm as compared to normal delivery where transverse diagonal [mean 10.59±0.55 cm] (p = 0.000). Vertical diagonal was lower in LSCS cases (mean 10.73±0.87 cm) as compare to normal delivery where vertical diagonal (mean 11.94±0.73 cm). Foot length was significantly lower in LSCS cases with mean 23.12±1.28 cm as compared to normal delivery with mean 24.48±1.05 cm. Height was significantly lower in LSCS cases with mean 148.23±5.56 cm as compared to normal delivery with mean 153.94±3.31 cm. Conclusion: Anthropometric parameters like Michaelis rhombus, height, foot length can be used as predictor of contracted pelvis. These measurements help to increase ease of patient for clinical assessment of pelvis by decreasing multiple per vaginal examination, thereby decreasing chances of infection.

A STUDY IN TO THE DISEASE SEVERITY AND THE CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL FINDING IN COVID-19 CASES

Objective: To study the disease severity and the clinical-radiological finding in COVID-19 patients.
 Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Respiratory Medicine of R. D. Gardi Medical College, a tertiary care centre as well a Dedicated Covid Centre in the Ujjain district of MP.
 Results: A total of 107 patients with COVID-19 disease were assessed; the patients had a median age of 52 y and a mean age of 50.79±16.81 y. The most common clinical presentation were fever which was seen in 80(74.8%) cases, breathlessness (SOB) in 84(78.5%), cough in 71(66.4%), weakness in 29(27.1%), loss of smell in 34(31.8%) and loss of taste in 32(29.9%). The most common co-morbidity present in the study group was diabetes mellitus, which was present in 51(47.7%) cases. The chest radiograph of the patients revealed consolidation in 51(47.7%), GGOs in 29(27.1%), GGO with consolidation in 3(2.8%), reticular pattern in one case and 23(21.5%) cases had the normal pattern. Severity of disease was significantly associated with age of the patient. The typical findings of chest CT in the case of COVID-19 pneumonia include “bilateral, peripheral, and basal predominant ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation and broncho-vascular thickening, In addition, atypical findings are “cavitations, central upper lobe predominance, nodules, masses, tree-in bud sign, and lymphadenopathy A significant statistical correlation was found between CT severity score.
 Conclusion: The radiology played a very important part in the diagnosis and management of covid patients during the pandemic. The typical presentation of chest radiographs and HRCT thorax helped in diagnosing cases even when the RTPCR, RAT were negative or not available and chest CT severity score of patients positively correlated with clinical severity, inflammatory laboratory markers, especially the CRP, LDH, D-dimer and S. Ferritin and hence was very useful as an predictor of disease severity.

Pulmonary Fibrosis in post COVID-19 follow up cases

An outbreak of novel coronavirus CoV-19(SARS-CoV-2) was responsible for coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) and was first reported in Hubei province, Wuhan, China, on November 17, 2019. It had rapidly spread globally with approximately 66.4 crore cases, 64.40 crore recoveries and 67.1 lakh deaths (200,000 death within first four month) till now. In India there were 4.46 crore cases of which 4.41 crore recovered and there were 5.30 lakh deaths till now (JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data). Assessment of pulmonary fibrosis in post COVID-19 follow up cases. The prospective observational study was carried out at R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain in the Department of Respiratory Medicine. All post COVID-19 cases attending post covid care speciality clinic was included in the study with minimum 119 patients. In our study of 119 post covid follow up cases, post covid pulmonary fibrosis was seen in 67(56.3%) patients (fibrotic group) of which only in 3 patients had residual lung fibrosis while other improved. The patients who had lung fibrosis were fewer than expected (<5%). These sequelae were mostly occurring in the elderly patients with comorbidities, longer hospital stay, severity of covid infection and smoking are the other risk factors for its development. Post Covid patients had various symptoms like weakness, cough, breathlessness etc which required symptomatic management.

A study of antibody response to Covid-19 infection

: The Coronavirus disease 2019 is a disease caused by the etiological agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was a newly identified β-coronavirus that had spread rapidly around the world, resulting in a very high number of infections and deaths, threatening public security, and placing a heavy burden on global healthcare systems and economy. The present study was done to study antibody response in COVID-19 infection.: The study was carried out in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India after approval by ethics committee. The post COVID-19 cases attending respiratory medicine OPD were included in the study.: The present study was conducted in 122 patients. The mean age of the patients was 51.20±14.21 years, median age was 54.5 years, the minimum age was 14 years and the maximum age was 80 years, the most number of COVID-19 infection cases was in the elderly age group of more than 50 years. The severity of disease was seen in those above 50 years of age (57.3%) with p>0.05. Among the severe cases mean age of the cases was 49±17 years, in moderate cases mean age 52±14 and among mild group of cases mean age was 51±15 years.In the present study there were 73.8% males and females were 26.2% Among COVID-19 cases who reported in the OPD the maximum that is 86 (>70%) patients had moderately severe disease, while severe cases were only about 14 %. Mild cases were 15.6%.In the present study RT-PCR were negative in 36(29.5%) as against 86 (70.5%) were confirmed cases of COVID-19 and among positive cases 40 % cases became negative between 6-10 daysAmong severe disease cases mean SARS COV2 antibody 650.06±240.47 was significantly higher as compare to moderate cases 461.49±331.41 and mild cases 404.11±240.47.: India has the world’s largest vaccination program. COVID-19 antibodies estimation are important tests carried out to determine the response of the body against COVID-19 infection.Our results show a significant association between SARS COV2 antibody and the severity of disease.

A Quick New Score to Predict In-hospital Mortality, Cardiac Arrest and Cardiogenic Shock in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: Acute Myocardial infarction is one of the most important components of the burdenof cardiovascular diseases. A total of 5–10% of patients with anterior wall AMI develop cardiogenicshock(CS) & 8–10 % had a cardiac arrest. This study aims to provide a new assessment score usingparameters like age, sex, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and investigations like ECG, Killip class,hemoglobin, random blood sugar (RBS), and serum creatinine, for these complications and couldidentify high-risk patients.Methods: An observational study was performed in Medicine Department at R. D. Gardi MedicalCollege, Ujjain (M.P.).All cases of AMI aged between 30 to 70 years are included in this study. We usethe following factors to calculate the new score- male gender, age >50 years, ECG [ST-T abnormalities], Killip class >1, HR<40 or ≥ 100 bpm, SBP<100 mmHg, RBS >200 mg/dL, serum creatinine>1.3 mg/dL, Hb<11 gm%. The data which was collected was analysed with IBM.SPSS statistics software 23.0 version To find the efficacy of the risk score, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were used, and the probability value 0.05 is considered significant.Results: In our study, a total of 87 patients with AMI were assessed. On the basis of the data which was collected, on taking a score cut off of 8, specificity & sensitivity of 78 and 72% for CS while Specificity & sensitivity of 69 and 100% for cardiac arrest And for mortality, specificity & sensitivity of 81 and 70%. Interpretation & conclusion: Patients with score ≥ 8 are more likely to have complications such as CS, cardiac arrest and mortality and may be managed aggressively and those with lower scores have less risk of complications.

Clinico-imaging patterns of arterial and venous pathologies in lower limb in R. D. Gardi Medical College Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh

Background: Various arterial and venous pathologies like peripheral arterial disease (PAD), Varicose Veins (VV) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) are most commonly occurring condition with complain of pain, claudication, swelling, gangrene and dilated veins. Due to late presentation, it is associated with increasing incidence of surgical management which can also lead to amputation of limb in later stages. Aiming at increasing in prevention and conservative management will only be possible on early diagnosis and primordial prevention which requires to find relationship between lifestyle and chronic condition with various vascular disease. Methods: A total of 67 cases were studied over a period of 1.5 years. Their clinical diagnosis along with various radiological diagnosis was compared and its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, FPR, NPR and accuracy was calculated accordingly. Results: In this study, we found out that vascular disease is associated with sedentary lifestyle, smoking or chewing tobacco or dyslipidaemia. The common presenting symptoms were pain, claudication, swelling, gangrene and dilated veins. In the radiological investigation on comparison between catheter angiography/venography with other modalities showing specificity and sensitivity. Conclusions: In this study, we concluded that colour doppler, CT angiography and catheter angiography has highest accuracy in diagnosing arterial pathology, and Colour Doppler and CT venography has highest accuracy in diagnosing venous pathology.

Post COVID-19 Vaccine-associated Complications

The COVID-19 pandemic is being fought against worldwide; the major weapon against this pandemichas been the vaccine against it. There are reports of neurological complications and sequelae afterCOVID-19 vaccinations, some cases with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 is adenovirus vector-based vaccines. InIndia vaccination program against covid19 is using this vaccine by this vaccine. Reports of vaccineassociated side effects have emerged, which are rare but serious. This case series presents a few such cases reported in our hospitals:- RD Gardi Medical college (CR Gardi Hospital, Ujjain) and Charitable trust Hospital, Ujjain.

EVALUATION AND OUTCOME OF EMERGENCY GIT SURGERIES

Background: Emergency gastrointestinal surgeries are frequently performed procedure which have mortality and morbidity much more than that of elective surgery, they carry a substantial risk of operative and postoperative complications and death. A system was developed to allow for the rst time an assessment of surgical quality that was risk adjusted for the patient's acute and chronic physiological status and for the nature of operation. The POSSUM audit system was designed to be easy and rapid to use and to have wide application across the general surgical spectrum both in the elective and emergency settings. Our study was conducted on 96 Pat Methods: ients of acute abdomen and blunt injury undergoing emergency GIT surgery and patients which develop postoperative complications admitted in department of surgery, RD Gardi Medical College,Ujjain between November 2018 to April 2020 Our study Signies that Forty-thre Results: e percent patients had morbidity in these group of patients, among which wound related complication has the predominant cause of morbidity, pulmonary complication were also common. In total eight patients died in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy four because of of MODS three due to SIRS and one due to sepsis. In our study, ve patients had cardiac risk . Respiratory signs were more prevalent seventeen patients having them, Blood loss was also higher with eleven patients having more than 1000 ml blood loss. Peritoneal soiling was also very common, with thirty seven patients having localised pus collections in forty-one, spillage of bowel contents seen in seventeen patients and hemoperitoneum in four patients Recognizing Conclusions. patients who are at high risk to develop complications and who have high risk of mortality would prompt us to take necessary and timely action and aid us in the better management of the patient. POSSUM mortality equation over predicts mortality especially in low risk groups, while predictive value improves signicantly when exponential analysis is used.Hence POSSUM scoring system has an undeniable advantage in our set up for better patient counseling, improving the surgical outcomes in emergency wards and for better management of limited resources and manpower.

“COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONSERVATIVE VERSUS OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT IN CASES OF ABDOMINAL KOCH'S”

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis is sixth most common type of extra- pulmonary tuberculosis. It can affect any intra-abdominal organ and any part of the intestinal tract. Patients are managed conservatively and Surgery in patients with Abdominal Tuberculosis is reserved for those with acute surgical complications including intestinal obstruction, perforation, abscess, colocutaneous stula, excessive bleeding and patients who are not responding to medical management. Our study was conducted on 65 Patients of abdom Methods: inal tuberculosis admitted in department of general surgery RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain between December 2019 to July 2021. Out of 65 patients, 66.2% were managed Results: surgically and 33.8% managed conservatively. Exploratory laparotomy With Segmental Bowel Resection due to multiple ileal strictures with ileostomy with ileostomy closure after 3 months of ATT is done in 30.23% patient in our study. Exploratory laparotomy with loop ileostomy for ileocaecal mass and abdominal abscess 2ndstage surgery after 3 months of ATT right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anstomosis done in 20.93 % patients. Exploratory laparotomy With Resection Of ileocaecal Mass with ileoascending anastomosis is done in 20.93% of patients in our study In our study, exploratory laparotomy with adhesiolysis with release of bands with loop ileostomy. 2ndstage surgery done after 3 months of ATT, reexploration with right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis done in 11.62 % patients.Exploratory laparotomy with right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis is done in 10.76 % patients.In our study, slight seroma discharge from wound site is the most common complication seen post operatively (35%). In our study, fecal stula is seen only in 5% of patients. In our study, there are complications developed during and after ATT in which 6 patients required surgery Abdominal tuberculos Conclusions is is an increasingly common disease that poses diagnostic challenge despite advances in diagnostic modalities, as the symptoms and signs of the disease are nonspecic, which may lead to diagnostic delays and eventually lead to development of complications. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is an important factor in early diagnosis. Patients are managed conservatively and Surgery in patients with Abdominal Tuberculosis is reserved for those with acute surgical complications.

Self-Reliance is the best strategy for development

My association with R. D. Gardi Medical College is long. I was a classmate of Dr V. k. Mahadik from 1967 to 1971 as we graduated with MBBS. Later for different reasons I traveled to Zambia and worked for the Government of Zambia Ministry of Health at two districts, Mporokoso and Luwingu, both in the northern province. However, contact with Dr Mahadik was continuous. On my completion of contract in Zambia and on my way to the Bahamas, I visited Ujjain. With other friends, we had discussions about developing a healthcare institution in the form of a hospital. We wanted a cooperative hospital and even contributed funds to this end. However, politicians and individuals advised us to create a charitable trust and a hospital. There are many steps, hard work, and diplomacy, mostly by Dr Mahadik to achieve what is a medical college and other hospitals associated with this. Only a person with imagination, persistence, technical knowledge and patience knows how this could be achieved. In my view, Dr Mahadik has all these qualities.

Correlation of electrolyte abnormalities with severity of illness in critically ill patients of NICU and PICU at CRGH and associated hospital of RD Gardi Medical College Ujjain (MP)

Objective: To determine the type of electrolytes abnormalities observed among critically ill patients of NICU and PICU. Material and Methods: A Hospital based prospective and observational study conducted among 99 critically ill patients between 0 to 15 years age. Results: Out of total patients,78 (78.8%) cases had abnormal electrolytes level, and 21(21.2%) cases had normal electrolytes level. 10(12.8%) cases had imbalance of single electrolyte, 17(21.7%) cases had imbalance of two electrolytes, 16(20.5%) cases had imbalance of three electrolytes, and 35(44.8%) cases had imbalance of more than three electrolytes. This shows that majority of patients in PICU had multiple electrolyte (>3) abnormalities. In our study, maximum prevalence is of sodium abnormalities 63(63.6%) followed by potassium abnormalities 50(50.5%). Calcium, Phosphate and Chloride has same prevalence 40(40.3%). Conclusion: Our study findings conclude that maximum prevalence 80.7% is of sodium abnormalities. Hyponatremia is most common electrolyte abnormalities present in 63.5% cases. Early recognition with a thorough understanding of common electrolyte abnormalities and their prompt management definitely pose an implication on the final outcome of the patient. Aggressive & strict adherence to correction of in particular to sodium and potassium before weaning is necessary for successful weaning from ventilator.

Comparative Effectiveness of Powerpoint Over OHP as an Effective Teaching Learning Tool at R.D. Gardi Medical College Ujjain (M.P)

Background: Since years, a number of initiatives were taken to improve the teaching methodology in Medicaleducation.Objective: The present study was undertaken to emphasize the importance of LCD-based teaching over OHP andto increase teachers’ acceptability to LCD.Materials and methods: This study was carried out with 100- 125 students. The study incorporated 50 minutesteaching sessions in the department of physiology with the use of two different teaching tools. Students weredivided into two groups. One topic was selected and Roll numbers 1 to 75 were taught by Powerpoint by LCDs& students from roll number 76 to 150 by Transparencies, in the second week they were assessed by written test.Results: Significant difference in marks obtained by the students taught on PPT as compared to OHP(P>.001)it was observed that students who scored less after OHP exposure showed improvement after PPT exposure.(Table 1& 2) 80% of students prefer PPT over OHP and understanding of the subject was more with PPT. Studentsfound OHP good for the text material and insufficient for the applied and diagram part while preferred PPT for3-D view of diagrams, concepts and applied.Conclusion: In Department of Physiology at our Institute most preferred TL method was found to be by PPT thenOHP. As results also indicated improved performance by the students, In view of that Teachers also agreed to theresponses by the students, and showed acceptability for PPT.Keywords: Teaching learning method; students; Medical education.

Knowledge, attitude, and feedback of students regarding the orientation program at R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

The orientation program gives information about the course curriculum, future opportunities, campus details and facilities available for students, various learning methods, coping with stress, and mental health. The present study was undertaken to observe the students’ knowledge and attitude and to obtain their feedback regarding the orientation program. A total of 106 participants responded to the knowledge and attitude questionnaire and a total of 111 participants responded to the feedback questionnaire. Knowledge and attitude were assessed before and after the orientation program. Feedback was assessed after the orientation program. There was an improvement in the knowledge mentioned by the participants after attending the orientation program. The majority of the participants gave positive feedback about the orientation program. Majority of the participants reported that the orientation program improved not only their knowledge about academics but also the management of their mental and emotional health. The present study results present the positive impact of the orientation program on medical students. The study results support the implementation of the orientation program for the benefit of medical students in general.

A study to observe the effectiveness of 10 days of Yoga program on reaction time and student’s perception of the introduction of Yoga training in the MBBS course curriculum

Yoga was introduced to the MBBS curriculum on 12 June 2022. There is a need to obtain the perceptions of the students about this introduction of yoga training in their curriculum.The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of 10 days of the Yoga program on reaction time and to obtain the perceptions of first-year MBBS students about the introduction of Yoga training in the MBBS course curriculum. A total of 150 first-year MBBS students studying at R.D. Gardi Medical College were part of the study after obtaining the voluntary, written, informed consent. Willing participants who practiced yoga for 10 days as per the protocol of NMC were recruited in the present study. The common protocol for Yoga was prepared by the Morarji Desai Institute of Yoga under the Ministry of Ayush. Auditory reaction time for high and low pitch sounds, and visual reaction time for red and green light were recorded using the RT apparatus for research manufactured by Anand Agencies, Pune. Both right-hand and left-hand responses were recorded. A standard questionnaire was used to record the perceptions of the students about the introduction of Yoga training in the MBBS course curriculum. Both auditory and visual reaction times were decreased followed by the yoga program. The majority of the students agreed that yoga offers multiple beneficial effects. The majority of the students agreed that yoga practice has many psychological benefits. The majority of the students agreed that the overall effect of yoga was much beneficial. The majority of the students reported that major barriers were lack of motivation and lack of time for yoga. The majority of students agreed positively that the inclusion of yoga in the curriculum was beneficial to them.The present study results explained that there was a decrease in the reaction time followed by yoga practice. The majority of students invited the move by the apex body incorporating Yoga in the curriculum.