Garbage Trucks Research Articles

Consumer Perception of Personal Care Products and Cosmetics on Health and Environmental Effects

ABSTRACTPersonal care products and cosmetics have become an essential part of present society. Since the composition of these products directly correlates with public health and the environment, understanding consumer behaviors and attitudes is a significant aspect in controlling their negative impacts. The present study surveyed 300 consumers in Sri Lanka to attain insights into the selection, usage, disposal, and participants' attitudes and knowledge of these products. The majority of the respondents were female (58%) and 71% were between the ages of 18 and 65. Most of them (48%) selected products by their evaluations and 34% were highly concerned about the ingredients. Removal of applied products was mainly done by washing (97%) and in many households, generated wastewater ended up in wastewater gullies (69%). The remaining plastic packages were discarded into municipal garbage trucks (42%) or burned (31%). Alarmingly, 29% of the participants have experienced some kind of adverse reaction by using these products during their lifetime. Therefore, proper monitoring, waste management, and regulation of these products could be beneficial to control many related health and environmental consequences.

Developing driving cycles for garbage trucks to estimate fuel consumption

Driving cycle offers a comprehensive understanding of operational features throughout the waste collection and transportation (C&T) process, which is critical for optimizing waste management aiming at reducing energy use and environmental pollution. In this study, the Micro-trip method, combined with principal component and cluster analysis, was adopted to divide the C&T process into five operational phases. Considering diverse waste types and C&T modes, four driving cycles were synthesized for garbage trucks. The average speeds of garbage truck cycles are considerably lower, coupled with prolonged idle durations, marking a substantial deviation from standard cycles. Additionally, the OpMode-bin method was employed to estimate fuel consumption for both garbage truck cycles and standard cycles. The results reveal that using standard cycles generally results in an underestimation of fuel consumption by 20 % to 30 %, which highlights the necessity of developing specific driving cycles to ensure accurate fuel use and emission quantification for garbage trucks.

RETAINING WALL PLANNING IN WASTE MANAGEMENT

This study aims to analyze the performance and productivity of heavy equipment as well as the volume of waste produced in a waste disposal area (TPSA) located in Kuningan Regency. The research was carried out at the Ciniru TPSA located in Jalaksana District, Kuningang Regency, with the aim of finding out the data on the volumes of waste, transport trucks, and excavator heavy equipment. The results show that the amount of existing waste in the area reaches 630 m3 with an average amount of irritation of 71 times per day. In addition, the production of heavy machinery for garbage trucks, excavators, and bulldozers reaches 128.07 m3/hour, which is a working time of 8 hours and operational costs of Rp 244,957/hour, respectively. The findings of this study offer valuable information on the effectiveness of retaining walls in mitigating environmental impact, protecting agricultural areas, and improving waste handling practices. Moreover, investigating methods to extend landfill lifespan through improved spatial planning and capacity forecasting will be crucial, especially for regions facing waste overflow challenges in the near future.

Dependence of wear of friction pairs of the mechanism for loading solid household waste into a garbage truck on the characteristics of antifriction materials

The article is dedicated to the establishment a regression dependence of wear of friction units of the mechanism of loading a garbage truck on the properties of antifriction materials. By using a first-order planning of experiment with first-order interaction effects using the Box-Wilson method, an appropriate regularity of wear of friction units of the garbage truck loading mechanism on the properties of antifriction materials has been determined. It is established that, according to the Student's criterion, among the studied factors of influence, the wear of friction units of the garbage truck loading mechanism is most influenced by the pressure in the friction zone, and the least – by the Brinell hardness of the antifriction material. The response surfaces of the objective function – wear of friction units of the garbage truck loading mechanism and their two-dimensional cross-sections in the planes of the influence parameters are shown, which allow to clearly illustrate the specified dependence of this objective function on individual influence parameters. It has been established that an increase in the pressure in the friction zone and sliding speed by 60% leads to an increase in the wear of friction units of the garbage truck loading mechanism during reverse motion by 6.3...34%, depending on the properties of antifriction materials. The expediency of conducting further research to determine ways to further improve the wear resistance of friction units of the mechanism for loading solid household waste into a garbage truck has been shown.

The Impact of Variable Ambient Temperatures on the Energy Efficiency and Performance of Electric Vehicles during Waste Collection

The market for electric cars (EVs) is growing quickly, which has led to a diversity of models and significant technological advancements, particularly in the areas of energy management, charging, range, and batteries. A thorough analysis of the scientific literature was conducted to determine the operational and technical parameters of EVs’ performance and energy efficiency, as well as the factors that influence them. This article addresses the knowledge gap on the analysis of ambient temperature-related parameters’ effects on electric garbage trucks operating in particular urban traffic conditions for selective waste collection. To optimize vehicle routes, a computational model based on the Vehicle Routing Problem was used, including the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, considering not only the load capacity of garbage trucks but also their driving range, depending on the ambient temperature. The results show that the median value of collected bulky waste for electric waste collection vans, depending on the ambient temperature, per route is 7.1 kg/km and 220 kg/h. At a temperature of −10 °C, the number of points served by EVs is 40–64% of the number of points served by conventional vehicles. Waste collection using EVs can be carried out over short distances of up to 150 km, which constitutes 95% of the optimized routes in the analyzed case study. The research contributed to the optimal and energy-efficient use of EVs in variable temperature conditions.

THE ROLE OF THE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT IN EMPOWERING THE COMMUNITY TOWARDS WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GAMPONG JAWA - BANDA ACEH CITY

The Gampong government has an important role in empowering the community. This is the case with the Gampong Jawa government, which empowers community groups to manage waste. This research aims to discover the role played by the village government in empowering the community towards waste management in Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh City. In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The data sources obtained are primary data from direct interviews with 5 informants in Gampong Jawa Banda Aceh City and secondary data collected from the field and library supporting documents. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation sent directly to the research location. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the role of the village government in waste management is very necessary for community empowerment of the surrounding environment. Then, the results of the discussion state that the village government's lack of participation and supervision in waste management by the community is a problem. The village government pays little attention to waste management groups in Gampong Jawa. The form of attention of the Gampong government only facilitates transportation facilities, such as garbage trucks and rickshaws, in waste management by the community.

Bi-objective optimization for last-mile routing of garbage trucks: Aesthetics and Public exposure.

In the area of Solid Waste Management, transportation of the collected waste is a critical aspect considering the substantial time spent by garbage trucks on public roads. Studies have reported that transporting garbage has challenges related to public exposure and aesthetics. This study presents a generalised bi-objective formulation for the optimal routing of garbage trucks from transfer stations to recycling sites/landfills considering the trade-off between public exposure and aesthetic loss and constraining the operating cost. The formulation uses the novel link capacity function to account for the delay at traffic signals and the mix of trucks and cars on link performance. The proposed formulation is solved using the weighted sum and ε-constraint methods and applied to a realistic case study of the City of Chicago, USA. The Pareto Front obtained for the bi-objective formulation offers diverse trade-off solutions catering to distinct performance metrics. The results highlight the disparity across the solutions; the solution (P0.95 on Pareto Front) for minimum operating cost (or travel time or distance travelled) is very different from the solution (P0.4 on Pareto Front) for aesthetic cost and public exposure. The parametric study indicated that a modest operating budget may suffice for achieving aesthetic benefits, but minimising public exposure requires a higher operating budget. Finally, the proposed framework is adaptable to address various challenges pertaining to waste transportation, thereby serving as a valuable tool for evaluating policies and practices geared towards sustainability objectives.

Flowers vs Garbage Trucks: Which Type of Local Government Investment Has the Greatest Impact on Economic Growth?

This article is an empirical study of the values the fiscal multipliers of different types of local government investment for 73 NUTS-3 sub-regions in Poland over the period from 2007 to 2021. The findings suggest that in the 1-2 years following the initial shock, the accumulated fiscal multipliers of investment expenditures are either insignificant or are significant but less than 1. Contrarily, during the 3-5 year period, the accumulated fiscal multipliers of total investment expenditures and expenditures on road construction show a significant increase, surpassing 1.5. Meanwhile, the fiscal multiplier of investments funded by EU structural funds can reach as high as 3.0.

Garbage Collection Android Application

Abstract: The "Android Garbage Collection Application" stands as an innovative solution tailored for Android devices, with the objective of revolutionizing waste management in smart cities. Conventional waste collection methods frequently result in missed pickups, litter accumulation, and potential public health risks. This project harnesses seamless integration with Firebase to create a user-friendly Android app. It provides real-time notifications to residents as garbage collection trucks approach their locations. A central feature of this app is its live tracking system, enabling users to monitor the precise location of the garbage truck in real-time. Additionally, it offers estimated arrival times, effectively reducing waiting times for residents and optimizing the waste collection process. What truly sets this application apart is its focus on community engagement. By actively involving residents in the waste management process, it encourages shared responsibility and cooperation among city dwellers, fostering a cleaner environment and ensuring timely and efficient waste collection. Furthermore, this project serves as a testament to the transformative power of modern technology in enhancing traditional municipal services. It exemplifies how integrating cuttingedge technology can effectively address longstanding challenges and enhance the quality of life for residents in smart cities. The scalability and adaptability of this application make it a valuable asset for optimizing waste management in various urban settings. Its data analytics capabilities provide city officials with valuable insights, enabling more informed decision-making and a proactive approach to waste management

Determination of the regularity of the rate of wear of the working hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of the sealing plate of the garbage truck from the pressing force

The article is dedicated to the study of the influence of the pressing force on the wear resistance of the working hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of the sealing plate of the garbage truck. The usage of a mathematical dependencies and appropriate software programs for regression analysis made it possible to determine the exponential regularity of the change in the rate of wear of the working hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of the sealing plate of the garbage truck depending on the pressing force. A graphical dependence of the change in the rate of wear of the working hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of the compacting plate of the garbage truck on the pressing force was made up, which confirmed the sufficient convergence of the obtained regularity. Graph of the influence of pressing force on wear rate of working hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of the compacting plate of the garbage truck demonstrates the expediency of its increase. It was established that for the garbage truck of Ukrainian production of serial model KO-436, the rate of wear of the working hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of the sealing plate of the garbage truck according to the obtained regularity will be 0.257 μm/h. The expediency of conducting additional studies to determine further ways to increase the wear resistance of the working hydraulic cylinder of the sealing plate mechanism of the garbage truck has been established.

Black phosphorus nanosheets as therapeutic “garbage trucks” for the selective clearance of peripheral phosphorylated Tau proteins in Alzheimer’s disease

The onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to the accumulation of phosphorylated Tau proteins (P-Tau). However, due to the hindrance posed by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), current therapies targeting brain-derived P-Tau are largely ineffective. Interestingly, the clearance of peripheral P-Tau can eliminate P-Tau from the brain, enabling AD treatment and overcoming the challenges created by the BBB. Here, we prepared polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP-PEG), which showed extended systemic circulation and acted as efficient “garbage trucks” for the removal of peripheral P-Tau. BP-PEG exhibited an exceptional capacity to bind to P-Tau in vitro. Further, in vivo biodistribution analysis demonstrated that BP-PEG accumulated in the liver and kidneys, which are the same organs that metabolize P-Tau. In vivo studies revealed that in okadaic acid (OA)-induced mouse models of AD, BP-PEG significantly reduced the levels of P-Tau in both the peripheral blood and the brain. Moreover, by promoting the clearance of peripheral P-Tau, BP-PEG improved several health indicators in mice, including cognitive function, glucose metabolism in the brain, inflammatory markers in the plasma and hippocampus, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial and myelin morphology. In conclusion, this study provides a new strategy for AD treatment, demonstrating the therapeutic value of removing P-Tau from the peripheral blood, and it also represents a novel attempt for the application of BP-PEG in AD therapy.

Enhancing Urban Waste Management: Development and Application of Smart Garbage Bin Technologies

With urbanization and population growth, the volume of waste generated is also increasing. Traditional waste management methods may become insufficiently efficient, necessitating more intelligent and sustainable solutions to meet this challenge. In traditional waste management systems, garbage trucks often collect waste according to a fixed schedule without considering the actual fill level of the garbage bins. This can lead to resource wastage and unnecessary carbon emissions. The research background of smart garbage bins is also closely related to environmental protection. By managing waste more effectively, reducing pollution to land and water sources is possible, contributing to achieving sustainable development goals. This study investigates the application of smart waste bin technology in urbanization, focusing on its potential in waste classification and environmental protection. The research encompasses three main stages: system design, prototype construction, and functional testing. In the system design phase, key components such as LED displays, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motors were selected based on functional requirements, and intelligent control was implemented using Arduino boards and the U8g2lib library. During the prototype construction phase, 3D printing and precise assembly were employed to ensure the effective layout of electronic components. The testing phase involved evaluating the performance of humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and voice modules. The test indicates that the smart waste bins perform well in terms of sorting accuracy and ease of operation, but improvements are needed in real-time monitoring and user interaction. Overall, this study provides significant insights into the technological development of smart waste bins and their application in urban environments.

Role of Village Government in Waste Management in Kejapanan Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency

This qualitative descriptive study investigates waste management in Kejapanan Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency, focusing on the government's role and influencing factors. Employing interviews, observation, and documentation, the research reveals the government's dual role as motivator and facilitator through community empowerment, training, and providing essential facilities. Collaborations with environmental services address staffing shortages. Supporting factors include community appreciation and cooperation, while hindrances involve damaged garbage trucks and insufficient waste management machinery. The implications underscore the need for repairs, additions, and improved collaboration to enhance waste management in Kejapanan Village, offering insights applicable to global waste management challenges Highlight : The study explores the multifaceted role of the government in waste management, emphasizing its function as a motivator and facilitator through community empowerment initiatives. Significant aspects include the provision of essential facilities by the village government, such as warehouses, toilets, and waste-handling machinery, contributing to effective waste management programs. Collaboration with environmental services is identified as a crucial dynamic, addressing staffing shortages and highlighting the importance of inter-agency cooperation for comprehensive waste management solutions Keywords: Waste Management, Government Role, Community Empowerment, Environmental Collaboration, Infrastructure Improvement

Selection and justification of routes of garbage cars with a hybrid power unit on the basis of the "Ural" vehicle chassis

In this paper, we study the possibility of creating a hybrid power plant based on th e chassis of the Ural car equipped with a bin for collecting municipal solid waste (MSW). The operation of municipal equipment, in particular, garbage trucks, has its own specifics, which is associated with the need for their work, often in confined spaces. The hybrid scheme of such vehicles allows the use of an environmentally friendly silent mode of electric traction in urban working conditions. When developing a traction drive and attachment systems for vehicles operating as municipal special equipment, it is necessary to take into account the features of their operation and movement routes. The aim of the work is to analyze the existing routes for the movement of garbage trucks in the city of Chelyabinsk to identify the most loaded and develop on its basis a test route for the created garbage truck with a hybrid power plant based on the chassis of the "Ural" vehicle. Keywords garbage truck, hybrid power plant, traffic routes, experimental data, statistical research

Statistical analysis of the results of studies of the routes of garbage trucks with a hybrid power plant based on the Ural vehicle chassis

This work explores the possibility of creating a hybrid power plant based on the chassis of Ural vehicle equipped with a bunker for collecting municipal solid waste (MSW). The purpose of the work is to statistically analyze the existing routes of garbage trucks in the city of Chelyabinsk to identify the most loaded operating mode and to develop on its basis a test route for the garbage truck being created with a hybrid power plant based on the chassis of the Ural C26 and C18. Statistical processing of source data was carried out based on methods for processing large amounts of source data using the SPSS computer program. The methodology discussed in the article is also supposed to be used when modeling processes in hydrodynamic tribocouplings of high-pressure fuel pumps, in particular for Common Rail systems. Keywords garbage truck, hybrid power plant, driving routes, statistical processing, generalized cycle, ydrodynamic tribocouplings, fuel pumps

A framework for countermeasures design to support professional drivers' fitness-to-drive.

This paper presents a new conceptual framework, and stepwise approach to populate it, for informing countermeasure development to support fitness-to-drive for professional drivers. Professional drivers are vital to the transport network; however, the job is demanding and drivers are vulnerable to impairments which may impact safe driving. Countermeasures are any action or activity that mitigates the impact or frequency of occurrence of driver impairment. The framework proposes countermeasures to be delivered across three time points: Operational (during shift), Tactical (immediately after shift) and Strategic (outside of on-shift) and at multiple system levels, e.g., driver, manager, enforcement etc. The framework was successfully pilot tested with three different professional driver use cases: autonomous shuttles, taxi, and garbage truck drivers. This structured approach to countermeasure design offers potential to improve driver health and enhance road safety. The work was conducted within PANACEA, an EU project, grant agreement number 953426.

Breaking Free from Plastic: The Philippines' Journey Towards Sustainable Consumption and Production

Plastic pollution presents a significant threat to global ecosystems, with the Philippines being a major contributor to ocean plastic waste. This environmental challenge endangers marine life, public health, and sustainability. The Philippines' No Plastic Policy is a strategic initiative aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, which promotes responsible consumption and production. SDG 12 aims to enhance resource efficiency, develop sustainable infrastructure, and reduce waste through prevention, recycling, and reuse. This study examined the No Plastic Policy implementation progress in the Philippines, focusing on Cabanatuan City. Data were collected from 260 participants, primarily adults and females, using a quantitative descriptive research design. A researcher-made survey questionnaire facilitated data collection, which was analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. The findings indicate that residents largely adhere to the policy, motivated by the penalties imposed. However, challenges such as inefficient garbage collection, drainage maintenance issues, inadequate garbage trucks, and poor adoption of eco-friendly practices like using eco-bags persist. Despite the penal provisions, the study found that the penalties were not stringent enough to deter violations effectively. A comprehensive information campaign is necessary to improve waste management and disposal systems. The lack of funding was a critical barrier to systematic program management and implementation. Recommendations include enhanced enforcement, regular monitoring, and the promotion of biodegradable alternatives to strengthen policy efficacy. Stricter penalties and collaboration between barangay officials and local government units are essential for better compliance. The study underscores the importance of addressing the identified issues to optimize the impact of the No Plastic Policy, reduce plastic waste, and mitigate pollution. Future research should explore plastic waste management across various sectors to develop holistic, impactful solutions for local and national contexts.

Studija kinetike i dinamike mehanizma za struganje-pritiskivanje kompaktora kamiona za smeće

This study comprehensively analyzed the kinematics and dynamics of the scraping-pressing mechanism of a garbage truck by using numerical methods. A multibody integrated with a hydraulic simulation model was established to investigate the mechanism's operation according to actual working conditions in a completed cycle with 18 seconds. The model was verified with the calculation at steady times, which showed high consistency. The results reveal that the mechanism operates in steady states almost all the time, with cylinder velocities ranging from 0.08 to 0.15 m/s. The cylinder velocity and acceleration fluctuate strongly when the mechanism accelerates or decelerates; however, the inertia effect is insignificant. The forces applied on joints are maximum at the end of the pressing process. Remarkably, the force applied on the joint connecting the scraping and sliding plate is highest, three times higher than the joint between the sliding plate and pressing cylinder and one and a half times higher than that between the scraping plate and scraping cylinder. The study's results can be applied to the design process of garbage trucks in special and specialized vehicles in general or used as a reference for enhancing the performance and optimizing the mechanism's mass, force, and materials.

Determination of the dependencies of the wear influence of the cylindrical brush on the operational characteristics of the garbage truck’s mounted sweeping equipment

The article is dedicated to the establishment of dependencies of the influence of the wear of the cylindrical brush on the operational characteristics of the mounted sweeping equipment of the garbage truck. By using the planning of the second-order experiment with the first-order interaction effects, using the Box-Wilson method, the adequate dependencies of the influence of the wear of the cylindrical brush on the performance characteristics of the mounted sweeping equipment of the garbage truck were determined. It was established that, according to the Student's criterion, among the investigated factors of influence, the wear of the cylindrical brush has the greatest effect on the deformation of the cylindrical brush, and the width of the contact spot has the least influence. The required pressing force of the cylindrical brush is most affected by the width of the contact spot, and the least by the wear of the cylindrical brush. The response surfaces of the target functions are shown – the amount of deformation and the required pressing force of the cylindrical brush and their two-dimensional cross-sections in the planes of influence parameters, which make it possible to visually illustrate the specified dependences of target function data on individual influence parameters. It was established that the wear of the cylindrical brush of 50% of cases leads to an increase in the deformation of the cylindrical brush by 1.3 times, and the necessary force of pressing of the cylindrical brush – by 3.1...3.6 times, depending on the width of the contact spot. It is shown the expediency of conducting further researches of the effect of antifriction materials on the wear of the friction pairs of the mounted sweeping equipment of the garbage truck.

Strategic Decision-Making for Multi-Period Fleet Transition Towards Zero-Emission: Preliminary Study

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) struggles with significant policy and operational challenges, particularly concerning collection routes for recyclables and fleet composition. Within the European Union, phasing out traditional fuel-based vocational vehicles, like garbage trucks, in favor of zero-emission alternatives, is mandatory to achieve sustainable development objectives. This paper presents a preliminary study on the problem of multi-period fleet transition from combustive fuels towards more eco-friendly fueling types. Initially developed for energy sector, the MARKAL framework was used here to support the technological transition of the fleet. The mixed-integer program was formulated for the Fleet Transition Problem (FTP), a simplified theoretical problem. The objective of the FTP and a mixed-integer linear program used to solve it is minimizing the overall cost of fleet modernization throughout a multi-phase planning horizon so that the sustainable transition of the fleet can be assured. Computational experiments run on randomly generated data instances affirmed the model’s effectiveness in strategizing fleet transition. This research outlines a multi-period model for transitioning to a zero-emission fleet and demonstrates the FTP’s potential for strategic decision-making. Notably, the study observes consistent reductions in permissible emissions across the planning horizon.