Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Research Articles

Metagenomics to Identify Viral Communities Associated with Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex in Tibetan Pigs in the Tibetan Plateau, China.

Tibetan pig is a unique pig breed native to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To investigate viral communities associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), 167 respiratory samples were collected from Tibetan pigs in the Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Sichuan province. Following library construction and Illunima Novaseq sequencing, 18 distinct viruses belonging to 15 viral taxonomic families were identified in Tibetan pigs with PRDC. Among the 18 detected viruses, 3 viruses were associated with PRDC, including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV), and porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV). The genomic sequences of two PCV-2 strains, three TTSuV strains, and one novel Porprismacovirus strain were assembled by SOAPdenovo software (v2). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that both PCV-2 strains belonged to PCV-2d, three TTSuVs were classified to TTSuV2a and TTSuV2b genotypes, and the Porprismacovirus strain PPMV-SCgz-2022 showed a close genetic relationship with a virus of human origin. Recombination analysis indicated that PPMV-SCgz-2022 may have originated from recombination events between Human 16,806 × 66-213 strain and Porcine 17,668 × 82-593 strain. Furthermore, the high proportion of single infection or co-infection of PCV2/TTSuV2 provides insight into PRDC infection in Tibetan pigs. This is the first report of the viral communities in PRDC-affected Tibetan pigs in this region, and the results provides reference for the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in these animals.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Online Tourism Product Purchase Intention in Ethnic Minority Areas—Taking Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an Example

[Purpose] Fully explore the humanistic value of tourism resources in ethnic minority areas, explore the current situation and improvement direction of their tourism products, and promote the high-quality improvement of their tourism products. [Method] Taking online tourism products in Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province as the research object, a covariance based structural equation model was used to study the impact of destination characteristics, tourists' perceived usefulness, perceived risk, and tourists' trust on the overall purchase intention of tourism products in Ganzi Prefecture from the perspective of consumers. [Results] Research shows that consumers' perceived usefulness, trust level, and tourism destination characteristics have a significant positive correlation with the overall purchase intention of tourism products in Ganzi Prefecture. Perceived usefulness is the core influencing factor that affects the overall purchase intention of tourism products in Ganzi Prefecture, and there is a negative correlation between perceived risk and the overall purchase intention of tourism products in Ganzi Prefecture. [Conclusion] In the design and creation of online tourism products in Ganzi Prefecture, it is necessary to fully respect and consider consumers' psychological preferences for tourism destination characteristics, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, and level of trust. The research results will provide management decision-making and reference for tourism product planning companies in ethnic minority areas.

BLEI: Research on a Novel Remote Sensing Bare Land Extraction Index

Bare land, as a significant land cover type on the Earth’s surface, plays a crucial role in supporting land-use planning, urban management, and ecological environmental research through the investigation of its spatial distribution. However, due to the diversity of land-cover types on the Earth’s surface and the spectral complexity exhibited by bare land under the influence of environmental factors, it is prone to confusion with urban and other land features. In order to extract bare land rapidly and efficiently, this study introduces a novel bare land extraction index called the Bare Land Extraction Index (BLEI). Then, considering both Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Urumqi, China as the study areas, we compared BLEI with three presented indices: the Bare-soil Index (BI), Dry Bare Soil Index (DBSI), and Bare Soil Index (BSI). The results show that BLEI exhibits excellent efficacy in distinguishing bare land and urban areas. It gets the most outstanding accuracy in bare land identification and mapping, with overall accuracy (OA), kappa coefficient, and F1-score of 98.91%, 0.97, and 97.89%, respectively. Furthermore, BLEI is also effective in distinguishing bare land from sandy soil, which can not only improve the mapping accuracy of bare land in soil-deserted areas but also provide technological support for soil research and land-use planning.

Prevalence of taeniasis and sero - prevalence of anti - cysticercus antibody among residents in Tibetan agricultural areas of Sichuan Province

To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of taeniasis and cysticercosis among residents in Tibetan agricultural areas of Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights for the prevention and control of taeniasis and cysticercosis. From 2016 to 2022, Kangding City, Daocheng County, Derong County, Ruoergai County and Muli Tibetan Autonomous County were sampled from Tibetan agricultural areas of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, and 1 to 6 townships were sampled from each county (district), followed by 4 to 7 villages sampled from each township. Primary school children were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and permanent residents at ages of over 16 years were randomly sampled from each village. Participants' demographics, history of tapeworm excretion during the past year and clinical symptoms and signs of cysticercosis were collected through questionnaire surveys, and participants' stool and venous blood samples were collected. Taenia eggs were detected in stool samples using the direct smear method, and deworming was performed among taeniasis patients with areca nut-squash seeds. The tapeworm species were identified using a multiplex PCR assay, and serum specific IgG antibody against cysticercus was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 5 249 respondents participated in the questionnaire survey, including 603 respondents (11.5%) with a self-reported history of proglottids secretion during the past year. A total of 3 976 residents were subjected to stool examinations, and the detection of Taenia eggs was 6.5%. Of 258 participants undergoing deworming, there were 403 cases (94.2%) with excretions of Taenia worms or proglottids. The mean prevalence of taeniasis was 10.9% (439/4 043), and there were gender-, age- and region-specific prevalence rates of taeniasis (χ2 = 36.73, 126.31 and 163.41, all P values < 0.05). Multiplex PCR assays detected 41 cases with T. solium infections (12.5%), 197 cases with T. saginata infections (59.9%) and 91 cases with T. asiatica infections (27.6%) among 329 patients undergoing deworming, and there were region-specific prevalence rates of T. solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica infections (χ2 = 45.39, P < 0.05). In addition, the sero-prevalence of anti-cysticercus IgG antibody was 7.0% (345/4 933), and there were age- and region-specific sero-prevalence rates of anti-cysticercus IgG antibody (χ2 = 13.49 and 51.76, both P values < 0.05). Multiple Taenia species are prevalent in Tibetan agricultural areas of Sichuan Province and the sero-prevalence of anti-cysticercus antibody is high among residents. Monitoring and control of taeniasis and cysticercosis should be strengthened.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hyperuricemia Among Young and Middle-Aged Tibetan Men Living at Ultrahigh Altitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

He, Ben, Jiayue Feng, Yan Shu, Lichun Yang, Zepin He, Kanxiu Liao, Hui Zhuo, and Hui Li. Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia among young and middle-aged Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes: a cross-sectional study. High Alt Med Biol. 25:42-48, 2024. Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence or risk factors of hyperuricemia among populations living at ultrahigh altitudes. Here we examined the prevalence of hyperuricemia and factors associated with it among young and middle-aged Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 672 Tibetan men 18-60 years old living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (mean altitude 4,014 m) within the county of Litang in the Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Sichuan Province, China. Demographic and clinical data were collected from self-administered questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests. Participants whose blood uric acid (UA) contained >420 μmol/l were classified as having hyperuricemia. Results: Of the 672 men analyzed, 332 (49.4%) had hyperuricemia. Multivariate logistic regression showed risk of hyperuricemia to correlate positively with body mass index (per 1 U increase: odds ratio [OR] 1.172, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1066-1.243), triglycerides (OR 1.408, 95% CI 1.084-1.828), red blood cell count (OR 1.376, 95% CI 1.009-1.875), and creatinine level (per 1 U increase: OR 1.051, 95% CI 1.033-1.070). Conversely, risk of hyperuricemia correlated negatively with the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 0.412, 95% CI 0.175-0.968). Subgroup analyses showed that prevalence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher among those with polycythemia than among those without it, and that UA levels correlated positively with hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia is an important public health problem among Tibetan men living at ultrahigh altitudes in Ganzi autonomous prefecture. The region urgently requires appropriate prevention and management efforts.

Research on the Surface Deformation, Fault Rupture, and Coseismic Geohazard of the 2022 Luding Mw 6.8 Earthquake.

An Mw 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, on 5 September 2022. This seismic event triggered numerous coseismic geohazards in the seismic zone. In this study, the ascending- and descending-track synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images observed by the Sentinel-1A satellite are utilized to extract the coseismic surface deformation of the Luding earthquake. Subsequently, a faulting model is estimated based on the elastic dislocation theory, under the constraint of the InSAR observation. Additionally, the POT technique was employed to detect coseismic geohazards. High-spatial-resolution optical remote sensing images served to validate the reliability of the detection results. The coseismic interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation field indicated a maximum deformation of ~190 mm and ~140 mm along the ascending and descending tracks, respectively. The estimated best-fitting faulting model suggests that the optimal seismogenic fault strike and dip angles are 169.3° and 70°, respectively. The fault slip predominantly exhibits left-lateral strike-slip characteristics and is concentrated at depths of 3-12 km. The estimated maximum fault slip was 2.67 m, occurring at a depth of 7 km. The pixel offset tracking (POT) result derived from the pre- and post-earthquake SAR images found a total of 245 medium- to large-scale coseismic geohazards, with a verification rate from optical images exceeding 64%. The distribution of these geohazards is notably dense within the significant fault rupture segment. Geohazards on the fault hanging wall are densely packed, whereas landslides along the Dadu River's fault footwall are also notably frequent.

Association between hemoglobin concentration and hypertension risk in native Tibetans at high altitude.

Previous studies examining the association between hemoglobin concentration and hypertension have yielded inconsistent results. There is still a lack of evidence regarding the association between hemoglobin concentration and hypertension risk in native Tibetans at high altitude. We performed this cross-sectional study in Luhuo County of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (average altitude of 3500m). In this study, we enrolled 1547 native Tibetans. The association between hemoglobin concentration and hypertension risk was examined by multivariate binary logistic regression and smooth curve fitting. Native Tibetans with hypertension had significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations than those without hypertension (165.9±21.5g/L vs. 157.7±19.2g/L, P<0.001). An increase in hemoglobin concentration of 1g/L was associated with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.02) after confounder adjustment. The highest hemoglobin concentration group (exceeding 173g/L) was associated with an increased hypertension risk compared with the bottom quartile of hemoglobin concentration (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.48-3.85). Hemoglobin concentration (per 1g/L change) exceeding 176g/L was significantly associated with an increased hypertension risk (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.06). Additionally, high-altitude polycythemia significantly increased the hypertension risk compared with a normal hemoglobin concentration (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.25-6.86). A similar result was observed for mild polycythemia (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.29-2.34). In conclusion, hemoglobin concentration was associated with hypertension risk in native Tibetans. When the hemoglobin concentration exceeded a certain value (approximately 176g/L), the risk of hypertension was significantly increased.

Spatio-Temporal Changes in Forest Area and Its Ecosystem Service Value in Ganzi Prefecture, China, in the Period 1997–2017

It is possible to manage the forest ecosystem and promote sustainable development by keeping track of spatio-temporal fluctuation in the forest area and its ecosystem service value (ESV). The forest ecology of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Prefecture), which is located in the northern Hengduan Mountains region, i.e., China’s most important ecological functional area, has seen significant alteration during the past 20 years. However, little is known about how the forest and its ESV evolve. We obtained data regarding Ganzi Prefecture’s forests using visual interpretation of remote sensing images derived from 1997, 2007, and 2017, and we evaluated the spatial–temporal changes in the forest ESV from 1997 to 2017 using global value coefficients and adjusted local value coefficients. The results revealed that (1) from 1997 to 2017, the forest area of Ganzi Prefecture increased by 6729.95 km2, and the forest growth rate was 336.50 km2/a, while (2) from 1997 to 2017, the forest ESV in Ganzi Prefecture experienced an overall increase of 257.59 × 108 yuan. The primary driver of the forest ESV increase was the implementation of forestry ecological engineering and protection policies. (3) Finally, the spatial distribution of the forest ESV revealed that the forest ESV density increased during this period, with the most significant increase occurring in Yajiang. The forest ESV was scattered with the highest density in Yajiang and the lowest density in Shiqu. This study emphasizes how crucial forest ecosystems are to Ganzi Prefecture’s mechanisms for maintaining life. It provided a scientific basis for the sustainable management of the forest ecosystem in the Hengduan Mountains.

Economic Development in West Sichuan: The Case of Daocheng County

AbstractEconomic development of a remote, mountainous region poses a challenge anywhere. Based on field research and documentary evidence, this article examines how such a development challenge has been addressed in Daocheng county, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province. In doing so, it investigates the different forms of economic development, how such development comes about, and the role played by government in economic development. The article also probes the broader socioeconomic consequences of economic development. The fact that Daocheng is a predominantly Tibetan county adds a nationality dimension to the issue of economic development.

Study on the Path of Leisure Sports Tourism to Help Rural Revitalization in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Leisure sports tourism is both a tourism activity and a sports activity, and belongs to the same broad category of human leisure activities. At the present stage, the integration mode between rural tourism and leisure sports tourism industry tends to be more and more diversified, which to a certain extent provides a good guarantee for the realization of the goal of rural revitalization strategy. As the increasing awareness of people’s sports health, the sports with the aims of health, fitness, ornamental, leisure, competition, and entertainment purposes have quietly emerged, and the advantages of land area and ethnic characteristics of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture have become the highlights of the leisure, sports and tourism industries. By analyzing the path of leisure sports integration into rural tourism and exploring the innovation of leisure sports integration into rural tourism, this paper aims to promote the sustainable development of leisure sports tourism economy in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and provide a reliable guiding basis for the upgrading and transformation of rural leisure sports tourism industry. It makes leisure sports tourism play a role in promoting rural economy and development.

Analysis of spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake in China on September 5, 2022

BackgroundOn September 5, 2022, an Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China. The casualties and economic losses caused by the earthquake are huge. Most of the landslides triggered by this earthquake are small and medium-sized rock collapses and destructive debris flows, with a small number of large-scale landslides.ResultsThere are 5007 coseismic landslides in the Luding earthquake VII-degree area and above, with a total area of 17.36 km2. The landslides are generally distributed along the NW-SE direction. The highest landslide area density is 13.8%, and the highest point density of the landslide is 35.73 km2. High-density area is mainly concentrated in the IX-degree area and the northeast side of the seismogenic fault. Coseismic landslides are more likely to develop in the area with the slope more than 40°, the slope direction of 67.5-112.5 degree, and vegetation coverage of 40–50%. More landslides are developed in granite areas and forest areas. The closer distance to active faults, the more the coseismic landslides develop. The correlation between coseismic landslide development and the distance from the active faults is better than that between coseismic landslide development and the distance from the seismogenic faults.ConclusionThe landslide database used in this paper is the most perfect at present, and the research results have also been verified by fieldwork. This is also the first applied study of this landslide inventory, which indirectly confirmed the accuracy of the inventory. The results obtained in the manuscript will provide an important guideline for futuredisaster prevention and mitigation in southwest China.

Evaluation and analysis of statistical and coupling models for highway landslide susceptibility

Landslides have a great impact on the normal traffic of highway, and maintaining the normal traffic of highway is the foundation of economic development, so landslide susceptibility mapping is very important. In this study, four counties, which locate in the central Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, are taken as the research region. Based on the 190 historical landslide disaster points in the region, six factors-elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature and TWI (Topographic Wetness Index) - are finally selected for calculation. A landslide disaster is evaluated by two single models of CF (Certainty Factors) and IV (Information Value) models and four coupling models of CF-AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), CF-LR (Logistic Regression), IV-AHP and IV-LR models. The accuracy of the six models is evaluated by the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve and the Sridevi Jadi parameters. The IV-AHP model has the highest value of 0.9189, which indicates that the IV-AHP model is more appropriate for landslide disaster assessment in the whole region. In the Sridevi Jadi parameters, the IV model have the highest value of 0.8696, showing that the IV model have the highest accuracy in landslide susceptibility assessment in high- and very high-susceptibility regions.

The Environmental and Socioeconomic Effects and Prediction of Tuberculosis Patients in different age groups in the Southwest of China: a population based study.

While the End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy has been implemented worldwide, the cause of TB epidemic is multifactorial and has been not fully understood. To investigate the risk factors of TB and incorporate these factors to forecast the incidence of TB infection across different age groups in Sichuan, China. Correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between TB cases and ecological factors, including environmental, economic, and social factors in Sichuan Province from 2006 to 2017. The transfer function-noise (TFN) model was used to forecast trends, considering both time and multi-factors effects. From 2006 to 2017, Sichuan Province had a reported cumulative incidence rate of 1321.08 cases/100,000 in males and 583.04 cases/100,000 in females. There were significant sex differences in the distribution of cases among age groups (trend χ2=12,544.416, P<.001). Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture had the highest incidence rates of TB in both males and females in Sichuan. Correlation and regression analyses shown that the total illiteracy rate and averagepressure ateachmeasuring station (for individuals aged 15-24) were risk factors for TB. The protective factors follows: the number of families with the minimum living standard guarantee in urban areas, average wind speed, number of discharged patients with invasive TB, number of people with the minimum living standard guarantee in rural areas, total health expenditure as a percentage of regional GDP, being a single male (for individuals aged 0-14), number of hospitals, number of health workers in infectious disease hospitals (for individuals aged 25-64), amount of daily morning and evening exercise, number of people with the urban minimum living standard guarantee, and being married (for females aged >64 years). The TFN model indicated that the incidence of TB in males aged 0-14 and 15-24 will continue to rise, and the incidence of TB in females aged 0-14 and >64 will continue to increase rapidly in Sichuan, by 2035. The End TB Strategy in Sichuan should take into account environmental, educational, medical, social, personal and other conditions, and further substantial efforts are needed especially in aged 0-24 males, aged 0-14 females, and 64 years elder females. Data collection of TB was required by the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. The ethical approval in this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan CDC (SCCDCIRB2022-001).

高寒条件下根际环境对极小种群大理白前竞争能力的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 高寒条件下根际环境对极小种群大理白前竞争能力的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202203270754 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 第四次全国中药资源普查(2019PC001) Effects of rhizosphere environment on the competitive ability of extremely small population of Cynanchum forrestii Schltr under alpine conditions Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources (Grant No. 2019PC001) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:大理白前(Cynanchum forrestii Schltr)是中国无危极小种群野生植物,研究高寒环境下大理白前-根际土壤系统的化学计量特征及其元素吸收,有助于解析极小种群的生存策略及其对环境的适应能力。以川西九龙县高寒草甸中的大理白前为对象,研究了其种群特征、光合色素特性、植物体和土壤的化学元素、根际土/非根际土的养分和细菌多样性。结果表明:与非根际土相比,根际土P、C/P和N/P较高而C/N较低,有机质(SOM)、全磷(TP)、全氮(TN)、速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)增加;大理白前根际土P与茎的N、C/P、N/P呈正相关,而与P、C/N呈负相关。高通量测序表明,根际土/非根际土的优势细菌包括6个类群。根际土的变形菌门、芽单胞菌门相对丰度较高,而酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门的相对丰度较低,拟杆菌门相对丰度降低了45.53%,变形菌门相对丰度增加了32.89%。RDA分析结果显示,变形菌门相对丰度与土壤C、N、P呈正相关。在高寒草甸中,大理白前株丛呈均匀分布,平均株高(27 cm)高于群落其他植物的平均水平,地上生物量占比高达41.24%,种群密度和生态位宽度较大;随着株高增加,叶面积增大,光合色素含量和Chla/Chlb先增加后下降,但比叶质量变化不大;根茎叶对土壤元素均具有富集作用,其中对Ca、Mn、Na、K、P富集能力和对P、Ca、K转移能力较强。叶的C/N、C/P和N/P高于根、茎,各器官的N/P均小于14,表明养分主要分配到根、茎且受N限制。上述结果表明,大理白前富集有益的土壤微生物以改善根际土壤养分状况,提高植物体对Ca、Mn、Na、K、P等元素的吸收和转移能力,增强抗冻和抗辐射能力,并借助株高和叶面积的优势,弥补了光合色素含量较低的缺陷,从而提高了大理白前在高寒环境中的种间竞争能力和适合度,但却加剧种内竞争,导致其株丛呈均匀分布。推测种内竞争激烈是大理白前局限分布的原因之一。 Abstract:Cynanchum forrestii Schltr, an erect perennial herb of Asclepiadaceae, is a wild plant with extremely small population(WPESP) in China. This unique plant grows in a variety of habitats such as plateau and mountain at altitudes of 1000-3500 m. The root of C. forrestii is often used as a substitute for the traditional Chinese medicine "Baiwei". In Jiulong County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, western Sichuan Province, China, this plant is confined to alpine meadows in valleys at the altitude of 3100-3500 m. The rhizosphere is a part of the soil ecosystem where plant roots, soil and the soil microorganisms interact with each other. Soil microorganisms actively participate in soil material transformation and play a leading role in nutrient cycling by influencing the transformation of mineral elements. Most of the nutrients needed of plants come from soil and enter plants through rhizosphere interaction. The chemical element characteristics of plants can reflect the supply of nutrients to the soil. The study of plant and soil stoichiometric characteristics helps to understand the growth strategies of plants and their adaptability to the environment. Investigating the stoichiometric characteristics and element enrichment of the C. forrestii-rhizosphere soil system under the alpine environment will help to analyze the survival strategies of the extremely small populations and their adaptability to the environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of rhizosphere soil nutrients and bacterial community on population characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of C. forrestii in the alpine meadow of Jiulong County by using plot and line transect sampling methods, physiological and biochemical analysis and Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with the non-rhizosphere soil, the rhizosphere soil had higher P, C/P and N/P and lower C/N, and increased soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the value of N, C/P, N/P in C. forrestii stem were significantly positively correlated with the rhizosphere soil P, while the value of P and C/N were significantly negatively correlated with the rhizosphere P. High-throughput sequencing showed that the dominant bacteria in rhizosphere soil/non-rhizosphere soil included 6 groups. Compared with non-rhizosphere soil, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in rhizosphere soil was higher, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes was lower. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased by 45.53%, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased by 32.89%. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was positively correlated with soil C, N and P contents. The average plant height of C. forrestii was 27 cm, which was higher than the average height of other plants in the community. The proportion of above ground biomass reached 41.24%, and the population density and niche width also were larger than those of other plants. With the increase of plant height and leaf area, the photosynthetic pigment contents and Chla/Chlb raised first and then decreased, but leaf mass per area (LMA) had little change. Plants had enrichment effect on soil elements, the relatively high enrichment capacity for Ca, Mn, Na, K and P, and high transfer capacity for P, Ca, and K. Analysis of C, N, P stoichiometry showed that the C/N, C/P and N/P in C. forrestii leaves were higher than those of roots and stems, and the N/P of each organ was less than 14, indicating that N was the limit factor. In general, C. forrestii enriched beneficial soil microorganisms to improve the nutrient status of the rhizosphere soil, enhanced the absorption and transfer of elements such as Ca, Mn, Na, K, and P in plants, and promoted the ability to resist freezing and radiation. With the advantages of plant height and leaf area, it made up for the defect of low photosynthetic pigment content, thereby improving the interspecific competition ability and fitness of C. forrestii in the alpine environment, but intraspecific competition was intensified, which resulted in uniform distribution of plant clusters. It was speculated that the intense intraspecific competition was one of the reasons for the limited distribution of C. forrestii. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

High genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusiinyaks (Bos grunniens) fromGanzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common pathogen in humans and various animals, threatening the breeding industry and public health. However, there is limited information on the molecular characteristics of E. bieneusi in yaks, an economically important animal mainly domesticated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. In the present study, nested PCR targeting the ITS gene region was applied to investigate the positive rates and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in 223 faecal samples of yaks from three locations in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The total positive rate of E. bieneusi was 23.8% (53/223). Significant differences in positive rates were identified among yaks from three locations (χ2=8.535, p=0.014) and four age groups (χ2=17.259, p=0.001), with the highest positive rates in yaks from Yajiang and aged < 6 months, respectively. Sequence analysis identified seven known (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, J and BEB4) and five novel (Ganzi1-5) ITS genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed eight genotypes (EbpC, LW1, LQ10, PigEBITS5, ESH-01, Ganzi1, Ganzi2 and Ganzi4) in group 1 and three genotypes (J, BEB4 and Ganzi3) in group 2, indicating high genotype diversity and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi in yaks from Ganzi. Considering the increasing zoonotic genotypes in yaks in the present study compared with previous findings, interventions should be developed to reduce the potential transmission of E. bieneusi between humans and animals.

Rupture process and aftershock focal mechanisms of the 2022 M6.8 Luding earthquake in Sichuan

According to the China Earthquake Networks Center, a strong earthquake of M6.8 occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China (102.08°E, 29.59°N), on September 5, 2022, with a focal depth of 16 km. Rapid determination of the source parameters of the earthquake sequence is vital for post-earthquake rescue, disaster assessment, and scientific research. Near-field seismic observations play a key role in the fast and reliable determination of earthquake source parameters. The numerous broadband seismic stations and strong-motion stations recently deployed by the National Earthquake Intensity Rapid Report and Early Warning project have provided valuable real-time near-field observation data. Using these near-field observations and conventional mid- and far-field seismic waveform records, we obtained the focal mechanism solutions of the mainshock and M ≥ 3.0 aftershocks through the waveform fitting method. We were further able to rapidly invert the rupture process of the mainshock. Based on the evaluation of the focal mechanism solution of the mainshock and the regional tectonic setting, we speculate that the Xianshuihe fault formed the seismogenic structure of the M6.8 strong earthquake. The aftershocks formed three spatially separated clusters with distinctly different focal mechanisms, reflecting the segmented nature of the Xianshuihe fault. As more high-frequency information has been applied in this study, the absolute location of the fault rupture is better constrained by the near-field strong-motion data. The rupture process of the mainshock correlates well with the spatial distribution of aftershocks, i.e., aftershock activities were relatively weak in the maximum slip area, and strong aftershock activities were distributed in the peripheral regions.

Assessment of Grassland Degradation on the Tibetan Plateau Based on Multi-Source Data

Grassland is one of the most widely distributed ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) accounting for about 60% of the total area. The grassland degradation has spread throughout the TP, and the scope and degree are increasing. The inconsistency of multi-source data poses a great challenge to accurately obtaining information about grassland degradation on the TP. This study used five land cover products and six vegetation indexes to analyze the spatial-temporal change in grassland area and quality at the pixel level across the TP from 2000 to 2020. Then, 279 observed grassland degradation points that were collected from 86 published papers were used to verify the grassland degradation information. The grassland fusion product demonstrated that the grassland area increased by 8.84% from 2000 to 2020, and the rate of grassland degradation exceeded the rate of grassland greening during 2010–2020. The superimposed six vegetation indexes showed that 25.88% of the grassland quality has been degraded on the TP from 2000 to 2020. In Changdu City, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Rikaze City, Shannan City and Nagqu City, the grassland quality degraded by more than in 20% and the degraded grassland area exceeded 2000 km2. The observed grassland degradation points were mainly distributed in the northeastern and central parts of the TP. The consistency of six vegetation indexes with the observed grassland degradation points on the TP was 56.63%, with solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) being more effective than other vegetation indexes for monitoring grassland degradation on the TP. In general, the degradation of grassland on the TP has been a looming problem in recent decades.

Feasibility of ultrasound radiomics-based models for classification of hepatic echinococcosis

To investigate the feasibility of establishment of ultrasound radiomics-based models for classification of hepatic echinococcosis, so as to provide insights into precision ultrasound diagnosis of hepatic echinococcosis. The ultrasonographic images were retrospectively collected from 200 patients with hepatic echinococcosis in Shiqu County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province in October 2014, and the regions of interest were plotted in ultrasonographic images of hepatic echinococcosis lesions. The ultrasound radiomics features of hepatic echinococcosis were extracted with 25 methods, and screened using pre-selection and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Then, all ultrasonographic images were randomly assigned into the training and independent test sets according to the type of lesions at a ratio of 7:3. Machine learning models for classification of hepatic echinococcosis were created based on two classifiers, including kernel logistic regression (KLR) and medium Gaussian support vector machine (MGSVM). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the sensitivity, specificity and areas under the curves (AUC) of the created machine learning models for classification of hepatic echinococcosis were calculated. A total of 5 005 ultrasound radiomics features were extracted from 200 patients with hepatic echinococcosis using 25 methods, and 36 optimal radiomics features were screened through feature selection, based on which two machine learning models were created, including KLR and MGSVM. ROC curve analysis showed that MGS-VM presented a higher efficacy for hepatic echinococcosis classification than KLR in the training set, with a sensitivity of 0.82, a specificity of 0.78 and AUC of 0.88, while KLR presented a higher efficacy for hepatic echinococcosis classification than MGSVM in the independent test set, with a sensitivity of 0.82, a specificity of 0.72 and AUC of 0.86, respectively. Ultrasound radiomics-based machine learning models are feasible for hepatic echinococcosis classification.

Effects of Maize Varieties on Biomass Yield and Silage Quality of Maize–Soybean Intercropping in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Forage deficiency is the bottleneck that restricts the development of plateau animal husbandry. Maize (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) intercropping can improve the forage biomass yield and silage quality. This experiment was conducted in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to explore the effects of four maize varieties (M1, Rongyu Silage No. 1; M2, Yayu 04889; M3, Demeiya No. 1; M4, Zhenghong 505) on biomass yield, nutritional composition, and silage quality in maize–soybean intercropping. The results showed that M1S had the highest total dry matter yield (18.03 t ha−1), M3S had the highest crude protein (CP) content (8.46% DM), and soybeans had the highest water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (8.55% DM). After silage, the CP content (13.44% DM) of mixed silage in M3S was higher, and the contents of neutral detergent fiber (39.42% DM) and acid detergent fiber (25.42% DM) were lower than those in maize silage alone. The WSC content (4.45% DM) of mixed silage in M3S was higher and the pH value (4.46) and ammonia–nitrogen to total nitrogen (3.97%) were lower than those of soybean silage alone. The results of membership function analysis showed that M3S was the best in fresh feeding and silage utilization, followed by M1S. Therefore, M3S (Demeiya No 1. intercropped with soybeans) is recommended in high-altitude areas.

Relationship between lipid parameters and vascular mechanical characteristics among a normotensive population without diabetes mellitus residing at the Qinghai–Tibet plateau: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThere is limited evidence regarding the relationship between lipid parameters and vascular mechanical characteristics in the normotensive population without diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to identify an association between lipid parameters and changes in vascular mechanical characteristics between men and women, and in women before and after menopause.MethodsSix hundred-seventy patients who underwent vascular functional testing and who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in our cross-sectional study. All participants were from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (Luhuo County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China; mean altitude: 3860 m). Trained clinical physicians assessed brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (Ba-PWV) and augmentation index adjusted to a 75-beats-per-minute heart rate (AIx@75). To investigate the relationship between lipid parameters and vascular mechanical characteristics in different sexes and menstrual stages, partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used.ResultsThe 670 participants comprised 445 women (103 post-menopausal). Mean Ba-PWV and AIx@75 were 1315.56 ± 243.41 cm/s and 25.07% ± 15.84%, respectively. Men had greater Ba-PWV values compared with women (1341.61 ± 244.28 vs 1302.39 ± 242.17 cm/s, respectively; P < 0.05), while AIx@75 values were higher in women compared with men (27.83% ± 15.85% vs 19.64% ± 14.40%, respectively; p < 0.001). In the partial correlation analysis adjusted for age, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with Ba-PWV in both men and women (p < 0.05); however, the magnitude was larger in men. Statistical significance was not seen for AIx@75 among both men and women. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that TC (β = 0.165, p = 0.024) and non-HDL-C (β = 0.151, p = 0.042) remained independent predictors of change in Ba-PWV in men after adjusting for age, mean arterial pressure, waist circumference, hemoglobin, platelet count, fasting blood glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and uric acid. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, pre-menopausal women had a similar association to that of men between LDL-C (β = 0.126, p = 0.030), non-HDL-C (β = 0.144, p = 0.013), TC/HDL-C (β = 0.162, p = 0.005), LDL-C/HDL-C (β = 0.142, p = 0.013) and Ba-PWV; however, post-menopausal women had no association between the lipid parameters and vascular function.ConclusionsOverall, TC and non-HDL-C were independent associated factors for vascular compliance alterations evaluated through Ba-PWV in normotensive men. In pre-menopausal women, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were independent associated factors for vascular compliance alterations. After controlling for traditional risk factors, lipid profiles were not associated with these metrics for AIx@75, which can measure the amplification of reflex flow, because of the high number of confounding factors that do not genuinely reflect changes in vascular characteristics. Lipid factors did not appear to be linked to vascular function in post-menopausal women.