Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs; CaBP1-5) are a subfamily of neuronal Ca2+ sensors with high homology to calmodulin. Notably, CaBP4, which is exclusively expressed in rod and cone photoreceptors, is crucial for maintaining normal retinal functions. However, the functional roles of CaBP1, CaBP2, and CaBP5 in the retina remain elusive, primarily due to limited understanding of their expression patterns within inner retinal neurons. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive transcript analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing datasets to investigate the gene expression profiles of CaBPs in mouse and human retinal neurons. Our findings revealed notable similarities in the overall expression patterns of CaBPs across both species. Specifically, nearly all amacrine cell, ganglion cell, and horizontal cell types exclusively expressed CaBP1. In contrast, the majority of bipolar cell types, including rod bipolar (RB) cells, expressed distinct combinations of CaBP1, CaBP2, and CaBP5, rather than a single CaBP as previously hypothesized. Remarkably, mouse rods and human cones exclusively expressed CaBP4, whereas mouse cones and human rods co-expressed both CaBP4 and CaBP5. Our single-cell reverse transcription PCR analysis confirmed the co-expression CaBP1 and CaBP5 in individual RBs from mice of either sex. Additionally, all three splice variants of CaBP1, primarily L-CaBP1, were detected in mouse RBs. Taken together, our study offers a comprehensive overview of the distribution of CaBPs in mouse and human retinal neurons, providing valuable insights into their roles in visual functions.Significance statement Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs; CaBP1-5) are a subfamily of calmodulin-like Ca2+ sensors. We investigated the gene expression patterns of CaBPs in mouse and human retinal neurons and found notable similarities across these two species. Nearly all amacrine cell, ganglion cell, and horizontal cell types expressed CaBP1, while most bipolar cell types, including rod bipolar (RB) cells, expressed various combinations of CaBP1, CaBP2, and CaBP5. Mouse rods and human cones exclusively expressed CaBP4, whereas mouse cones and human rods co-expressed CaBP4 and CaBP5. Additionally, mouse RBs co-expressed CaBP1 and CaBP5, with all three splice variants of CaBP1 being detected. Collectively, our study provides a comprehensive overview of CaBP distribution in mouse and human retinal neurons, crucial for understanding their roles in vision.