Gamma-ray Radiation Dose Research Articles

Gamma radiation induced tailoring the structural, optical, surface and mechanical properties of UHMWPE

The present investigation examined how the resultant gamma radiation affected the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene's (UHMWPE) mechanical, optical, surface, and structural characteristics. Different gamma doses of 75, 150, 250, and 350 kGy were applied to the UHMWPE samples. The study of physical and chemical qualities has involved a variety of spectroscopy techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, mechanical property changes, and biocompatibility properties. New bands are formed, as indicated by FT-IR analysis, and this process is linked to the oxidation of irradiation polymer chains and the production of carbon dioxide. The crystallinity of irradiated samples increases as the gamma radiation increases, according to XRD patterns. The analyzed optical results exhibit improvements in the optical characteristics of the irradiated samples. The absorbance spectra of the irradiated samples showed a shift toward the high of wavelength values in the absorption edge as compared to the pristine sample. On the other hand, the optical absorption edge has an increasing tendency as the dose of gamma-ray radiation is increased. As the gamma-ray dose increases, the absorption edge moves toward the longer wavelength. The measurements of the contact angle indicate that the surface free energy rises with increasing gamma irradiation. It was detailed how the mechanical properties of the irradiated UHMWPE samples were measured. The mechanical measurements indicate that the mechanical properties are dose-dependent to some extent. Furthermore, as gamma doses rise, so does the hardness of irradiated UHMWPE.

Effect of FBG Fiber Dosimeter Division in Sensing Capability for Low Radiation Doses

ر A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as a dosimeter is developed in this simulation study (based on Optisystem 21 software) by dividing its region into five individual regions. The division includes the same properties for all regions, which is a standard SiO2 optical fiber material. In dosimeters, it is convenient to introduce dopants to increase the fiber sensitivity. The new design accepts dopants and can work without such a dopant. Measurements for sensing deflected signals from the FBG sensor confirmed increased sensitivity for low-rate radiation doses in comparison to one bulk region in a traditional fiber dosimeter. The sensitivity of this dosimeter is based on both the FWHM line shape function and the amplitude of the deflected signals. The FBG dosimeter sensor can respond to low-dose radiation in a noticeable manner according to the type of applied simulated effect. Dosimeter body division for multi-regions gives rise to sensitivity in comparison to the traditional bulk region. The measured FWHM from the line-shape function for overall observed signals fluctuates from 0.374 MHz under applied temperature, stress x, y, z, and strain to 0.358, 0.373, 0.3733, 0.368, and 0.3737 MHz, respectively. While this range follows different fitting functions: Sin, Exp.Decay, SinSqu., Exp.Decay3, and GaussAmpl. For last effects, according to measured effect. The same measurements were carried out for signal amplitude variation, with these effects giving a variety of relationships indicating their existing contribution. Results confirmed an efficient tool for use in sensing for low x-ray and gamma ray radiation dose applications versus traditional bulk FBG sensor type.

Effects of gamma-ray irradiation dose and dose rates on the growth and radiosensitivity of soybean varieties Grobogan and Mutiara 1

Abstract Enhancing soybean production can be achieved through plant breeding, utilizing gamma ray radiation mutation techniques to develop superior varieties. Understanding radiosensitivity is crucial for comprehending the impact of radiation on plant morphology and physiology. This study aims to investigate the impacts of varying doses and dose rates of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation on the growth and development of two soybean varieties, Grobogan and Mutiara 1. This study was conducted to understand how varied radiation doses influence growth parameters and to determine the radiosensitivity, LD50 value, in mutants of the Grobogan and Mutiara 1 soybean varieties. The study employed a randomized complete design with two factors. The first factor was radiation dose ranging from 0 to 1000 Gy. The second factor was dose rate, categorized into low dose rate (219.5 Gy/hour) and high dose rate (4470.2 Gy/hour). The results revealed that the LD50 value of Grobogan variety was estimated at 588.56 Gy at a low dose rate and 657.17 Gy at a high dose rate, while the Mutiara 1 variety had an LD50 value estimate of 512.36 Gy at a low dose rate and 514.30 Gy at a high dose rate. The study also found that the gamma ray radiation dose in the seedling phase trial influenced several growth parameters, including germination percentage, seedling height, development of stem nodes, and formation of leaves. Furthermore, field phase trial showed that a range of radiation dose at 100-300 Gy led to an increase in the number of branches in both soybean varieties and plant height in the Grobogan variety. It also resulted in an increase in the production of pods and total weight of seeds in the Mutiara 1 variety. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing radiation doses for increasing genetic diversity in soybean.

Mutation Strategy of Gamma Ray Irradiation for Increasing the Growth of Rose Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum var. Rose)

Rose tomatoes, scientifically known as Solanum lycopersicum var. Roses are a type of tomato characterized by its small, vibrant red fruits. Gamma rays, a form of electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength and high energy, can cause plant mutations, leading to genetic variations that could potentially enhance the quality and quantity of crops. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gamma-ray irradiation on the growth of rose tomatoes. The research was conducted at the Irradiation and Instrumentation Laboratory on Jalan Lebak Bulus Raya, Jakarta, and the Green House of Labuhanbatu University, Rantauprapat City, Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra Province. The experiment took place from December 2023 to March 2024. utilizing a single factor Completely Randomized Design with 4 levels and 5 replications, precisely gamma-ray radiation doses of 0 Gy, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, and 300 Gy. The findings revealed that the highest germination parameters were observed at a dose of 300 Gy, while the control treatment exhibited the lowest germination. However, the gamma irradiation treatment did not significantly impact plant height and the number of leaves.

Exploiting bifunctional 3D-Printed geopolymers for efficient cesium removal and immobilization: An approach for hazardous waste management

3D-printed geopolymer lattices (3DGPLs) have recently been considered as promising candidates for hazardous waste management due to their low cost, porous nature, and excellent environmental stability. However, the ion adsorption capacity influenced by usage conditions such as multi-ion systems and radiation remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, effective strategies to immobilize adsorbed ions for long-term disposal are still lacking. This work tackles these questions by studying the Cs+ adsorption and immobilization properties of 3DGPLs in the presence of competing ions and gamma-ray radiation. Our results reveal the inhibitory intensity of Cs+ adsorption capacity by five common metal cations in seawater, ranked in the following order: Na+ > K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Sr2+. After exposure to different doses of gamma-ray radiation, the Cs+ adsorption capacity of 3DGPLs shows no significant change, demonstrating their outstanding radiation resistance. By encapsulating the Cs-containing 3DGPL with a homologous GP coating, the Cs+ immobilization rate reaches 98.545% after leaching in NaCl solution at 60 °C for 5 days. The already-high Cs+ immobilization rate can be further increased to 99.228% by sintering treatment due to the densification effect. This study not only provides microscopic insights into the adsorption of hazardous ions by 3DGPLs under usage conditions, but also offers a feasible approach to prevent the leakage of loaded ions through GP coating technology.

Efek Radiasi Sinar Gamma pada Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Anggrek Vanda Hibrid

Orchids are one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. The existence of natural orchids in their habitat is approaching extinction rate, so it is necessary to increase the diversity of orchids by crossing them. The Vanda orchid is one of the famous orchids in Indonesia because of its uniqueness. Vanda orchids have a very abundant diversity, so they can increase the potential of orchid plants. This study used a hybrid orchid plant <em>Vanda celebica</em> x <em>Vanda dearei</em> irradiated by Gamma-rays with a dose of 0 Gray, 10 Gray, 20 Gray, 30 Gray, 40 Gray, and 50 Gray. The data obtained from the observations will be analyzed using descriptive methods by observing each plant in various doses of Gamma-ray radiation compared with control treatment and presented in the form of boxplot images. The irradiation dose of hybrid Vanda orchids (<em>Vanda celebica</em> x <em>Vanda dearei</em>) increased the diversity in the parameters of plant height and leaf width. The application of a dose of Gamma-ray irradiation did not cause a significant interaction with the variable number of leaves. The diversity value decreased in the parameters of leaf length and number of roots. Application doses of Gamma-ray irradiation of 10, 20, and 30 Gray can change the leaves into grooves compared to control plants. Mutant plants had lower chlorophyll content than control plants (0 Gray).

One-dimentional periodic structure infiltrated by (PVA/CV + CF)-polymer for high-performance sensitivity

In the current work, we demonstrate a design to act as a Gamma-ray radiation dosimeter based on the one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PhC). The basic concept of the present dosimeter is based on a Porous Silicon (PSi) infiltrated by poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA)-polymer doped with crystal violet (CV) and carbol-fuchsine (CF) dyes. The mechanism of suggested dosimeter is based on the shift of the photonic bandgap (PBG) to higher wavelengths as exposed to gamma-ray radiation doses from 0 to 70 Gray (Gy). The basic axes of the current theoretical treatment are the transfers matrix method (TMM), Bruggeman's effective medium equation, and the fitted experimental data to the refractive index of the doped PVA-Polymer. The obtained results showed the proposed sensor is characterized by high stable sensitivity varied from (178–186 nm/ RIU) along an applied γ-dose from (10–70 Gy) in the visible range. In addition, we compared these results with previous researches. In addition, based on the our knowledge may be it is the first time that a 1D-PhC has been used for gamma-ray detection by using (PVA/CV + CF) based on Porous Silicon.

The Yield of M7 Mentik Wangi Rice Irradiated With Several Doses of Gamma Rays Under Drought Stress

The possible risk of yield losses due to drought stress could threaten rice production and national food security. One way to deal with drought limitations is by developing drought- tolerant varieties using gamma-ray irradiation. This research aimed to get the optimal dose of gamma-ray radiation to create an M7 generation of Mentik Wangi variety that is drought tolerant. Field experiments were conducted from December 2020 to March 2021 at the Screen House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, the Laboratory of Soil Physics, and the Laboratory of Plant Production Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. This study has carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors. The first factor is gamma-ray irradiation dose (0gy. 100gy, 200gy, 300gy), and the second factor is drought stress treatment (without drought stress and drought stress in the flowering stage) with three replications. The results showed no interaction between gamma-ray irradiation dose and drought stress on all observed variables except plant dry matter. Drought stress in the flowering stage increased the percentage of unfilled grain, reducing the harvest index and grain weight significantly by 40.9%. Gamma-ray irradiation in a range of 100 to 300 gy did not affect panicle numbers and length, also the percentage of unfilled grain, but reduced the number of grains per panicle, thereby reducing the harvest index and grain weight 45.0% compared to those without irradiation.

Production Improvement of M1 Generation Garut (Maranta arundinacea) Rhizomes through Gamma Radiation Mutation

Garut (Maranta arundinacea L.) is a tuber containing flour with a low Glycemic Index (IG) suitable for diabetics and other degenerative diseases. It needs to be developed to reduce the dependence on imports or to substitute wheat flour. The objective of the study was to obtain superior arrowroot seedlings and observe the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the density and position of stomata on arrowroot leaves. In this research, the irradiation of five arrowroot accessions of second-generation (MV1) with gamma rays (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gray) was carried out to obtain mutants with superior character so that they could be used as parent plants for arrowroot flour production. The treatments administered were arrowroot accessions (V), gamma-ray radiation dose (R), and their interaction. The qualitative and quantitative characters on plant characteristics, tuber production, and arrowroot leaves' stomata were observed. The research results showed that increased production is primarily for 25-Pandeglang accession (808.33 grams) and 10 Gray (800.00 grams) of gamma ray radiation treatment. It is expected that this accession can be released as a new variety candidate after subsequent selection and evaluation in a further generation. Moreover, the dose of gamma-ray radiation is inversely proportional to the number of stomata, which will increase the photosynthesis, thus increasing the number of tubers produced.

Test of Samosir local varieties of shallots with gamma-ray radiation on changes morphology characters, physiology and production

Shallots are one of the vegetable commodities that are in demand by the public, but their production does not meet market demand. One of the reasons is the difficulty of suitable seeds for the area. This condition can be overcome by obtaining superior seeds in the Samosir area through irradiation on shallot bulbs. The research objectives were to produce high production, and to identify changes in the morphological and physiological characters of the local Samosir variety shallots. Treatments were arranged in a non-factorial Randomized Block Design. Shallots bulbs were irradiated with several doses of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 1, and 2Gy) using a Co 60irradiation sources. The results showed that there were morphological and physiological differences between the irradiation treatments. The number of leaves with the highest value at 2 Gy 20.147 g and the lowest at 18.894 g control. The heaviest wet weight in the control was 20.355 g and the lowest was at 2 Gy 18.45 g. At 1 Gy and 2 Gy can significantly increase the content of chlorophyll-a 2 Gy 2.484, chlorophyll-b 2 Gy 1.579, and total chlorophyll-(a+b) 2 Gy 4.056. This proves that the dose of gamma-ray radiation affects the morphological and physiological characters of shallots.

Environmental bioremediation for uranium removing from aqueous solution by modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embedded with Aspergillus versicolor

Development of new functional materials for heavy metals removal from environmental system has attracted considerable attention. In this paper, novel functional polymer consists of modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) embedded with Aspergillus versicolor biomass, using gamma radiolysis is prepared for uranium ions removal. Twenty two samples, with different physical conditions, were prepared to investigate the capability of the proposed functional polymer for adsorption and removal of uranyl ions from aqueous solution. Furthermore, comprehensive study was conducted to examine effect of A. versicolor particle size, embedded biomass percentage inside the functional polymer, and gamma ray radiation dose on adsorption efficiency of UO2 2+ ions. Obtained results illustrated that modified PVA with acetic acid, embedded with 1% A. versicolor biomass that has 45 µm particle size, and gamma irradiated at 10kGy is considered as the optimum functional polymer with the highest removal efficiency of UO2 2+ ions of 57.20%. The optimum functional polymer, before and after uranium ions adsorption, were characterized using SEM and FTIR techniques. It was found that the adsorbed UO2 2+ ions can be desorbed effectively by 0.1 M EDTA.

Optimization of gamma ray irradiation dose on strawberry plantlets

As a commodity that is cultivated vegetatively, strawberries have a relatively low genetic diversity. One effort to increase the diversity of strawberries and genetic quality improvement can be made by using gamma-ray radiation. In vitro explant of strawberry cv Early Bright were radiated with Gamma-ray P3TIR BATAN facility. Starting with a radiosensitivity test to find out Lethal Dose (LD) 50 with dosage level; 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 Gy. LD50 observations were carried out to get the optimal dose. The treatment of several doses of gamma-ray radiation showed varied results, with the percentage of explants living decrease by increasing the dose of irradiation. Irradiation dose until 10 Gy did not affect the survival rate of explant—the treatment dose of 80 Gy and above causes 100% mortality on the final observation. The dose of 60 Gy had a significant effect on shoot growth, as indicated by curly leaves' growth. The next optimal dose recommended for radiation is set at 20 and 30 Gy to anticipate genetic changes that are not morphologically expressed and to avoid the negative effects of morphological changes.

Impact of Gamma-Ray Radiation on DC and RF Performance of 10-nm Bulk N-Channel FinFETs

In this article, the impact of gamma-ray radiation on DC and RF response of 10-nm bulk n-channel FinFETs is investigated. Firstly, the radiation tolerance of these devices under DC measurement conditions is reported as various layout level device parameters, such as the gate length ( $L_{G}$ ), number of fins ( $N_{FIN}$ ), and number of fingers ( $N_{FINGER}$ ) are scaled. Then for the first time, the impact of gamma-ray radiation on small-signal RF response of the 10-nm bulk FinFETs is reported, which includes some of the RF figures-of-merit (FOM), such as, the input transconductance, intrinsic current gain, intrinsic voltage gain, and unilateral power gain. Furthermore, the effect of device geometry scaling on maximum oscillation frequency, $f_{MAX}$ , degradation due to gamma-ray radiation is reported. DC results show that long channel devices with small $N_{FIN}$ and large $N_{FINGER}$ are least impacted by gamma-ray radiation as opposed to short channel devices with large $N_{FIN}$ and small $N_{FINGER}$ . The RF results show that gamma-ray radiation causes major degradation (~ 40%) in $f_{MAX}$ , while the cut-off frequency, $f_{T}$ remains mostly unchanged. Finally, an empirical model is developed to predict the degradation in $f_{MAX}$ with changing device geometries and gamma-ray radiation dose.

Effect of gamma-ray and melt flow index of polypropylene on the properties of the lignocellulosic composite

Utilization of ionizing rays such as gamma-ray in polymers to correct their properties has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers. Accordingly, in this study, composites consisting of three different polypropylene melt flow indices as the composite matrix, maleic anhydride as the compatibilizer material, and poplar wood as the filler were exposed different doses of gamma-ray radiation in a variety of 0–75 kGy. The main purpose of this study is to investigatie the probable benefits of gamma-ray radiation for improving some of the physical and mechanical properties of composites and to investigate their morphological and thermal properties. The results indicated that the physical and mechanical properties could be improved significantly by increasing the melt flow index of the polypropylene. Also, radiation of gamma-ray improved the physical and mechanical properties of wood polymer composites while reducing the thermal stability. The uniformity of the micrographs obtained from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the interaction between the polymer and wood fibers.

Induced Mutation for Genetic Improvement in Black Rice Using Gamma-Ray

Black Rice is rice producing anthocyanin in high intensity and popularly consumed as functional food. Long harvesting age and low productivity are the inhibiting factors in black rice breeding. High plant crown potentially results in plant fall-down. Mutation induction is expected to be able to improve the character of black rice. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to get more early-ripening black rice mutant, with shorter plant crown and increase productivity by inducing mutation in three varieties of local black rice using gamma-ray radiation. This experiment employed three local varieties as the first factor comprised Cempo Ireng, Cempo Melik and Melik. The second factor was the gamma-ray radiation dose, consisting of 4 levels: without radiation, radiations at 100 Gy, 200 Gy and 300 Gy doses. The results indicated that Melik variety is very potential. Melik variety has shorter plant crown with a responsive character in number of tiller for higher productivity. Moreover, radiation significantly reduces the duration of flowering and harvesting. However, to achieve a more stable character and lower flowering and harvesting period, the radiation needs to be continued in the next generation. The doses of radiation produces a response that varies in both morphological and biochemical properties.

Radiochromic film label made from chitosan and Taraxacum officinale leaf extract

Monitoring the dose of gamma-ray radiation is important in the healthcare field. A simple indicator for dose monitoring is provided by radiochromic labels. This paper reports the preparation and characterization of radiochromic labels prepared from the natural dye of Taraxacum officinale (TO) leaf extract mixed with a chitosan matrix. The radiochromic label was fabricated in the form of a colored plastic biodegradable film. The film structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The color of the film label was quantitatively measured with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 433 and 630 nm. The ability of the labels to detect gamma-ray radiation was evaluated for a dose range from 0 to 30 kGy. Gamma-ray radiation caused changes in the color intensity of the film labels. Spectral analysis revealed that the absorbance increased when the film label was exposed to gamma-ray radiation. The results of these experiments show that the radiochromic film label made from TO leaf extract in a chitosan matrix can be used as a radiochromic indicator to determine the dose of gamma radiation and is a good candidate for use in the sterilization of health equipment.

Impact of gamma-ray radiation-induced photodarkening on mode instability degradation of an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier

The laser performance of a high-power ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier is mainly hindered by the onset of mode instability. In this work, the slope efficiency and mode instability threshold of the ytterbium-doped fiber under various gamma-ray radiation doses have been measured. Experimental results reveal that gamma-ray radiation-induced photodarkening degrades mode instability severely, and gamma-ray radiation-induced mode instability degradation can be partly bleached by hours of pump-light injection. It is shown that gamma-ray radiation-induced photodarkening results in a steep reduction of slope efficiency and mode instability threshold; moreover, the entire irradiated fiber can be partly bleached by hours of pump-light injection and exhibits both time and gamma-ray radiation-dose saturation properties. The experimental results indicate that mode instability mitigation can be partly realized by pump-light injection and implies photodarkening suppression is beneficial for TMI mitigation, which is very promising for the advancement of high-power fiber lasers.

Gamma and neutron irradiation effects on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

In this study, the effects of gamma-ray and neutron radiation on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at different doses were investigated. The samples in powder form were exposed to thermal neutrons, fast neutrons, and 10 kGy and 20 kGy doses of gamma-ray radiation. Virgin and irradiated MWCNTs were investigated through structural, optical, morphological, and chemical analysis by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the damage produced by the radiation. The Raman spectroscopy measurements show that the ID/IG ratio increased with the irradiation except for the 10 kGy gamma rays. XPS measurements display a higher degree of oxygen incorporation with the neutron irradiation. Detailed analysis of the C1s spectra also shows lower percentages of CC sp2 and higher percentages of CC sp3 in the MWCNTs irradiated by neutrons. Dark black spots were observed in the MWCNTs by irradiation, which is attributed to the formation of an amorphous structure by TEM measurements. The results show that, overall, the 10 kGy gamma irradiation dose improves the structural quality while the 20 kGy dose gamma rays, fast, and thermal neutrons caused a decrease in the degree of the structural quality of the MWCNTs.

Utilization of Gamma Radiation to Get Effective Lethal Dose for Short Leaders and Local Rice Cultivation (Ase Buluh) South Sulawesi

Ase Buluh from Bone Regency is local varieties that currently no longer encountered even almost extinct due to low production, high trunk and easy to fall, aged in, not, therefore, need to be assembled varieties. The purpose of this study was to induce local rice mutation of rice varieties (Ase Buluh) with gamma ray radiation to obtain Lethal Dosage of short and medium-grown local rice mutants. This study was designed using a simple Randomized Block Design (RAK) of one factor consisting of selected lethal dose of seven pretreatment treatments ie without radiation (R0) radiation with 50 GRY (R1), 100 GRY (R2), 200 GRY (R3), 300 GRY (R4), 350 GRY (R5) and radiation with 400 GRY (R6). Each treatment was replicated three times using 50 plants for each treatment. The results of this study obtained a lethal effective dose of gamma-ray radiation are 200 gray and 300 gray. The shortest mutant plant height is 300 gray that is 131 cm not significantly different with 200 gray that is 139 cm. Meanwhile, the number of most tillers obtained at a dose of 0 gray is 18 and is different with 200 gray and 300 grays. The length of panicle showed no significant difference from all treatment while the fastest flowering age at a dose of 300 Gray is 89 days, as well as the fastest harvest age and not significantly different dose 200,grays with 300 gray that is 140 and 141 days compared with 0 gray that is 160 days. Furthermore, it is expected to obtain also local rice mutants Ase Buluh which have an early age.

In-situ thermal annealing of on-membrane silicon-on-insulator semiconductor-based devices after high gamma dose irradiation

In this paper, we investigate the recovery of some semiconductor-based components, such as N/P-type field-effect transistors (FETs) and a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) inverter, after being exposed to a high total dose of gamma ray radiation. The employed method consists mainly of a rapid, low power and in situ annealing mitigation technique by silicon-on-insulator micro-hotplates. Due to the ionizing effect of the gamma irradiation, the threshold voltages showed an average shift of −580 mV for N-channel transistors, and −360 mV for P-MOSFETs. A 4 min double-cycle annealing of components with a heater temperature up to 465 °C, corresponding to a maximum power of 38 mW, ensured partial recovery but was not sufficient for full recovery. The degradation was completely recovered after the use of a built-in high temperature annealing process, up to 975 °C for 8 min corresponding to a maximum power of 112 mW, which restored the normal operating characteristics for all devices after their irradiation.