Gamma Radiation-induced Copolymerization Research Articles

Removal of Astrazon Red Dye from Wastewater using Eggshell/Graphene Oxide Embed in (Gum Acacia/Acrylamide) Hydrogel Nanocomposites Synthesized by Gamma Irradiation

This research aimed to use a low-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbent to eliminate the cationic dye Astrazon red 6B (AR) from an aqueous system. For this rationale, a nanocomposite hydrogel made of (Gum Acacia/Acrylamide)-calcinated Eggshell/Graphene oxide (GA/AAm)-ES/GO was created using Gamma radiation-induced copolymerization and cross-linking. FT-IR, XRD, EDX mapping, SEM, TGA and TEM were used to investigate the structures and properties. The nanocomposites exhibited superior adsorption behavior towards AR. Because of the dual effect of ES and GO, mixing ES with GO in (GA/AAm)-ES/GO nanocomposite hydrogel improved its adsorption capability. It was obtained that the optimum initial pH was 9 and the equilibrium contact time was 480 min. The removal percentage was enhanced by increasing the initial dye concentration. A little removal effectiveness was observed by increasing the adsorbent weight from 5.0 to 10.0 g for each liter of the dye solution. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be more suitable for analyzing the adsorption isotherm the maximal monolayer dye adsorption capacity (qmax) was 313.3 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics fitted the data well, and the rate constant was predicted to be (0.108 10–3) g mg−1 min−1. ∆H° values are negative at all investigated initial concentrations for (GA/AAm)-ES and (GA/AAm)-ES/GO. The values of ∆S° are negative for (GA/AAm)-ES/GO, while values for (GA/AAm) and (GA/AAm)-ES are positive. ∆G° are negative values for all systems that refer to the spontaneity of the adsorption process. High efficiency was observed for (GA/AAm)-ES/GO up to three rounds of reuse, while a drop in efficiency of the fourth round to 58.78%.Graphical

Preparation of chitosan-graft N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide copolymers as an in vitro-engineered skin

Amino-polysaccharides derivatives such as grafted chitosan (CS) have attracted increasing interest in biotechnology. The work aims to assess the novel CS-g-PHEAA as a model for in vitro-engineered skin. Gamma radiation-induced copolymerization has achieved N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA) grafting onto CS. The functionalization of CS by the amino group has been confirmed through solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. As evidenced by cell metabolic activity, viability, and proliferation results of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) co-cultivated with the biomaterials, the biological assays are independent of the choice of solvent. Also, the grafting degree, the HDF growth, and monolayer migration favored using CS-g-PHEAA prepared in bulk. Hence, it has potential as a future bioengineered skin substitute material.

Characterization and optimization of magnetic Gum-PVP/SiO2 nanocomposite hydrogel for removal of contaminated dyes

Gum-polyvinylpyrrolidone/silica (Gum-PVP/SiO2) nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared using gamma radiation-induced copolymerization and crosslinking. The magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel was carried out by in situ method. The structure of the magnetic and non-magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel was investigated and analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and TEM analysis. The swelling percentage decreases with increasing radiation dose due to the cross-linking is increasing by the irradiation dose. The factors that affect the adsorption behavior of the nanocomposite hydrogel toward basic and acidic dyes were studied. The magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel response a bit higher adsorption properties than the non-magnetic one. On the other hand, the nanocomposites showed better adsorption behavior towards Fuchsine basic dye (FC) than the methyl orange acidic dye (MO). The prepared nanocomposite has high adsorption efficiency that is recommended in treatment of dye effluents.

Gamma radiation-induced preparation of poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-sodium acrylate) for effective removal of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)

Clearing the water and wastewater from toxic heavy metals has received attentions from many researchers and scientists. In this study, poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-sodium acrylate), P(VP-SA), was prepared by gamma radiation-induced copolymerization of VP and SA and utilized for the effective removal of cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) from their aqueous solutions. Effect of comonomer composition and concentration besides the adsorbed dose on the conversion percentage and the reduced viscosity was studied. The formed copolymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared and gel permeation chromatography analysis, and the thermal stability was examined using thermogravimetric analysis. The influence of the adsorption conditions such as contact time, pH, copolymer concentration, and initial metal ion concentration on the metal ion binding capacity was tested. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion adsorption models were used to explain the adsorption kinetics. Finally, the equilibrium adsorption data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption amounts on P(VP-SA) copolymer calculated by Langmuir equation were 425.60, 93.01 and 450.81 mg g−1 for Cu+2, Ni+2, and Co+2, respectively.

Radiation synthesis and characterization of polyamidoamine dendrimer macromolecules with different loads of nickel salt for adsorption of some metal ion

Graft copolymer networks of poly(methacrylic acid-g-polyamidoamine dendrimer) with different loads of nickel salt were synthesized by gamma radiation-induced copolymerization of polyamidoamine dendrimer and methacrylic acid (MAA). Nickel release and metal adsorption from the polymeric systems, and their thermal stability were analyzed. A high percentage of the nickel loaded was released, although strong interactions between the polymeric matrices and the nickel ion was established since a total nickel release did not take place. The higher the concentration of the loading Ni 2 + , the higher were the adsorption capacities obtained. The metal release and uptake by such prepared hydrogels was determined by using atomic absorption technique. On the other hand, the presence of nickel salt induced an evident thermal instability in the polymeric matrices, although all the polymeric systems can be considered thermally stable.

Adsorption and controlled release of Chlortetracycline HCl by using multifunctional polymeric hydrogels

Adsorption and controlled release of Chlortetracycline HCl to and from multifunctional polymeric materials (HEMA/MAA) hydrogels were investigated. P(HEMA/MAA) hydrogels were synthesized by gamma radiation-induced copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) in aqueous solution. The influence of copolymer composition and pH value of the surrounding medium on the type of water diffusion into the glassy polymer were discussed. Drug, Chlortetracycline HCl containing hydrogels, with different drug concentration to polymer ratios, was loaded by direct adsorption method. The influence of MAA content in the gel on the adsorption capacities of hydrogel was studied. Chlortetracycline HCl adsorption capacity of hydrogels was found to increase from 8 to 138 mg Chlortetracycline HCl per gram dry gel with increasing amount of MAA in the gel system and drug concentration. The effect of pH on the releasing behavior of Chlortetracycline HCl from gel matrix was investigated. In vitro drug release studies in different buffer solutions show that the basic parameters affecting the drug release behavior of hydrogel are the pH of the solution and MAA content of hydrogel.

Radiation synthesis of interpolymer polyelectrolyte complex and its application as a carrier for colon-specific drug delivery system

Novel pH-sensitive interpolymer polyelectrolyte complex was synthesized by gamma radiation-induced copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) and dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). pH-dependent swelling showed different phase transitions depending on the copolymer composition and also showed the interpolymer polyelectrolyte complex formation at pH values ranged from pH 3 to pH 4. FT-IR and TGA was employed to study the complex formation. The influence of copolymer composition and pH value of the surrounding medium on the type of water diffusion in the glassy polymer was discussed. The ability of the prepared copolymer to be used as drug carrier for colon-specific drug delivery system was estimated using ketoprofen as a model drug.