Game Time Research Articles

Studi Korelasi Antara Kecanduan Bermain Game Online Mobile Legends dan Manajemen Waktu dengan Prestasi Akademik Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Kudus Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021

This research is based on the addiction to playing mobile legend games experienced by high school students. Addiction to mobile legend games is a negative thing, because if someone is addicted to the game, it will be difficult to break away from playing the game. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between addiction to playing games, especially mobile legend games and time management with students' academic achievement either partially or simultaneously. This study uses quantitative research methods with the type of ex post facto research. The sample used in this study found 152 of 273 students who were addicted to playing mobile legend games. The sample was found by using purposive sampling and random sampling. The data collection tools used are psychological scales (Gaming Addiction Scale and Time Management Behavior Scale) and documentation (student report cards). as for the data analysis technique using descriptive analysis and multiple correlation analysis. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between addiction to playing mobile legend games and students' academic achievement. then there is a significant positive relationship between time management and student academic achievement. Likewise, addiction to playing mobile legend games and time management simultaneously has a strong and significant relationship with academic achievement and has a contribution of 71.5%. Suggestions given to BK teachers or counselors can provide group guidance services or if possible peer counseling can be held in order to reduce addictive behavior in playing mobile legend games, learn to manage so that academic achievement increases.

게임정책 분석: 온라인 게임 등급심사, 게임시간 선택, 확률형 아이템 자율 규제의 인과순환구조 분석을 중심으로

In this study, a causal map analysis is conducted and policy implications are derived for three policies about game culture establishment: Age Rating(AR), Game Time Selection(GTS), and Loot Box Self-regulation(LBS). Since these policies play a regulatory role, they mainly have stabilizing or stagnating feedback loops. However, counterintuitively, it is found that there are also reinforcing feedback loops that can promote the game industry. In other words, AR and GTS can promote the game industry by establishing a healthy game culture, and LBS can develop the game industry through improving the satisfaction of gamers. Other implications, including the age rating through IARC, to weaken or eliminate the stagnating loops inherent in above-mentioned policies are also proposed. Finally, it is suggested to share the results of this study with game industry to improve effectiveness of policies.

Improvement of HOTS Method in Basketball Game Through TGFU Learning

The study's purpose was to improve students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) through learning using the Teaching Game For Understanding (TGfU) as a medium. This study uses purposive sampling with the provision of classes that have a low average value of physical education. 
 Materials and methods. This research is classroom action research (CAR). The sample used in this study consisted of one class totaling 32 students. 
 Results. The results of the study were that in the first cycle there were two assessments carried out, namely when playing the first game and the second game. In the first game students got a pretty good score, namely for the average SEI (Skill Execution Index) value of 0.72 from the highest score of 1 with a percentage of 72%, In the second cycle, the treatment given to students was still the same as the treatment in 1st cycle. In the second cycle, this time in the 1st game the average SEI value increased to 0.79 with a percentage of 79% then DMI increased to 0.81 with a percentage of 81% and the SI value increased to 0.81 with a presentation of 81%. 
 Conclusions. The learning process using TGfU can improve students’ HOTS skills. Learning TGfU with attacking and defending games, can improve decision making, execution skills, and player support which can be seen from each indicator that is determined to have increased from each cycle carried out by students. Hopefully, this research can be a support for Physical Education to grow more advanced.

Prospective Association Between Online Game Use and Risk of Internet Gaming Disorder in Korea: 12-Month Follow-up Results From the iCURE Study.

Children and adolescents' Internet game use has both functional and dysfunctional aspects. This study aimed to examine how changes in online gaming behaviors impact the risk of Internet gaming disorder (IGD). We observed 1318 adolescent online game users. Baseline and 12-month follow-up evaluations were performed, and it was defined whether the average online gaming time per day exceeded 1.5 hours and whether the number of gaming days per week exceeded 4 days. Gaming disorder was defined using the Internet Game Use-Elicited Symptom Screen. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the difference in the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of IGD risk according to changes in gaming time or frequency. Results indicated the IRR of IGD risk was 2.54 for the increased time spent group and 2.38 for the consistent higher time spent group against the consistent lower time spent group. The IRR was 3.76 for the increased frequency group and 2.92 for the consistent higher frequency group against the consistent lower frequency group. Therefore, managing Internet game use not to exceed 1.5 hours per day on average and 4 days per week would help prevent elevation of IGD risk.

Additional on-court advantages gained during eastward travel in the National Basketball Association (NBA) playoffs

During the National Basketball Association (NBA) playoffs, teams are required to frequently travel to different venues to play opponents in series of up to seven games. Despite playoff schedules allowing for some rest between games, it is still possible for teams to face circadian misalignment when playing. Thus, the current study serves as a replication and extension of previous research, which has indicated that there is an advantage for teams playing closer to their circadian peak and when they are traveling east. This study specifically investigates the effects of travel, as well as time of game on various performance indicators in professional basketball. We examined a series of box-score statistics (e.g., game outcomes, points scored, shooting percentages, rebounds, assists, steals, blocks, turnovers, and personal fouls) from a total of 499 postseason games played between the 2013–14 and 2018–19 NBA seasons. Findings from our study indicate that teams traveling eastward scored more points than teams traveling within the same time zone. We also observed that teams playing evening games had higher three-point shooting percentages than teams playing in the afternoon. Our study demonstrates an extended impact of travel and time of day on more specific performance indicators in the NBA. Future directions and implications for professional basketball and other sports are discussed.

Measuring Video Game Dedication: The Development and Validation of Casual Hardcore Assortment Scale

Gaming literature has noticed for a long-time the existence of two distinct types of video game players. In the current paper, we are proposing a scale that aims to differentiate gamers between two types: hardcore and casual. Casual players invest limited time and resources in video games and are not taking the games too seriously. Their counterparts, hardcore gamers, do the opposite, such as investing substantial monetary and emotional resources in video games, personalizing their private objects in line with their hobbies, spending more in-game time, and taking games more seriously. Based on the characteristics mentioned above, we propose in this paper a 5-item scale called Casual Hardcore Assortment Scale (CHG). The items of the scale look at the following characteristics that distinguish the hardcore player: monetary investments, cultural investments, emotional investments, and time spent in the game. The answers are on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, a higher score indicating a more pronounced presence of the previously mentioned characteristics. That would suggest a high match of the respondent in the typology of the hardcore player. The scale has been tested on a sample of 492 respondents and it showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .75).

Enhanced resting-state EEG source functional connectivity within the default mode and reward-salience networks in internet gaming disorder.

The two key mechanisms affected by internet gaming disorder (IGD) are cognitive and reward processing. Despite their significance, little is known about neurophysiological features as determined using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) source functional connectivity (FC). We compared resting-state EEG source FC within the default mode network (DMN) and reward/salience network (RSN) between patients with IGD and healthy controls (HCs) to identify neurophysiological markers associated with cognitive and reward processing. A total of 158 young male adults (79 patients with IGD and 79 HCs) were included, and the source FC of the DMN and RSN in five spectral bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) were assessed. Patients with IGD showed increased theta, alpha, and beta connectivity within the DMN between the orbitofrontal cortex and parietal regions compared with HCs. In terms of RSN, patients with IGD exhibited elevated alpha and beta connectivity between the anterior cingulate gyrus and temporal regions compared with HCs. Furthermore, patients with IGD showed negative correlations between the severity of IGD symptoms and/or weekly gaming time and theta and alpha connectivity within the DMN and theta, alpha, and beta connectivity within the RSN. However, the duration of IGD was not associated with EEG source FC. Hyper-connectivities within the DMN and RSN may be considered potential state markers associated with symptom severity and gaming time in IGD.

Wellbeing, coping with homeschooling, and leisure behavior at different COVID-19-related lockdowns: A longitudinal study in 9- to 16-year-old German children.

BackgroundSchool closures are an effective measure against the spread of Covid‐19. However, they pose a major challenge to children, especially to those from socially disadvantaged families. The present study compared the wellbeing, coping with homeschooling, and leisure behavior of children and adolescents at two different periods of school closures in Germany. Wellbeing was also compared with wellbeing before the pandemic.MethodsWithin the framework of the cohort study LIFE Child, 152 9‐ to 16‐year‐old children completed online surveys on wellbeing (KIDSCREEN‐27 scales on physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, and peer and social support), coping with homeschooling (concentration, motivation, fun, mastering of schoolwork, fear of bad marks), and leisure behavior (TV time, computer gaming time, indoor physical activity) during two COVID‐19‐related lockdowns in March 2020 (t1) and in January 2021 (t2). Data from both time points were compared using mixed‐effect models. Wellbeing was additionally compared with the wellbeing in 2019, before COVID‐19 (t0). We also assessed the effects of the socio‐economic status (SES) on all outcomes and changes between time points.ResultsAll considered wellbeing scores declined significantly between t0 and t1. Physical wellbeing decreased further between t1 and t2, while social support increased. Coping with homeschooling degraded significantly between t1 and t2, while leisure behavior did not change significantly. Lower SES was associated with lower physical wellbeing, poorer coping with homeschooling, longer computer gaming times, and a stronger decrease of concentration on schoolwork from t1 to t2.ConclusionRepeated school closures have a negative effect on already compromised physical wellbeing and coping with homeschooling, especially in children from lower social strata.

Dynamical analysis of evolutionary public goods game on signed networks.

In evolutionary dynamics, the population structure and multiplayer interactions significantly impact the evolution of cooperation levels. Previous works mainly focus on the theoretical analysis of multiplayer games on regular networks or pairwise games on complex networks. Combining these two factors, complex networks and multiplayer games, we obtain the fixation probability and fixation time of the evolutionary public goods game in a structured population represented by a signed network. We devise a stochastic framework for estimating fixation probability with weak mistrust or strong mistrust mechanisms and develop a deterministic replicator equation to predict the expected density of cooperators when the system evolves to the equilibrium on a signed network. Specifically, the most interesting result is that negative edges diversify the cooperation steady state, evolving in three different patterns of fixed probability in Erdös-Rényi signed and Watts-Strogatz signed networks with the new "strong mistrust" mechanism.

A trade-off model of intentional thinking for pleasure.

We investigated intentional thinking for pleasure, defined as the deliberate attempt to have pleasant thoughts while disengaged from the external world. We propose a Trade-Off model that explains when and why thinking for pleasure is enjoyable: People focus on personally meaningful thoughts when thinking for pleasure (especially when prompted to do so), which increases their enjoyment, but they find it difficult to concentrate on their thoughts, which decreases their enjoyment. Thus, the net enjoyment of thinking for pleasure is a trade-off between its benefits (personal meaningfulness) and costs (difficulty concentrating). To test the model, we compared intentional thinking for pleasure to four alternate activities in three studies. Thinking for pleasure was more enjoyable than undirected thinking (Study 1) and planning (Study 3), because it was more meaningful than these activities while requiring a similar level of concentration. Thinking for pleasure was just as enjoyable as playing a video game (Study 2) or unprompted idle time activities (Study 3), but for different reasons: It was more meaningful than these activities, but required more concentration. We discuss the implications of these findings for what people might choose to do during idle times. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Differences in Specific Power Performance among Playing Positions in Top Level Female Handball

Since all activities in handball should be performed as fast and as powerful as possible, power is involved in almost all players’ movements. There is an evident lack of studies that monitored this ability during matches. The study aimed to determine the situational differences in power among playing positions in top-level female handball. Variables included: body height, average game time, fastest shot, fastest sprint, and highest jump. Subjects were 227 female handball players that participated in the European handball championship 2020. Analysis of variance with the post-hoc Scheffe test was calculated. Results showed significant differences among playing positions in body height, fastest sprint and highest jump performed in real game situations. The largest differences were noticed in anthropometrics, with significant differences between back- and pivot-players on one side, and wing-players on the other. The fastest sprinting was recorded for wingers (26.5±1.12 km/h), who were significantly faster than other players. Jumping performance was most diverse among playing positions, with back-players being superior in this performance (47.24±17.61 cm, 48.44±20.71 cm, and 50.35±16.76 cm for centre-backs, leftbacks, and right-backs, respectively). Evidenced differences are explainable knowing the specific positions’ roles and typical game situations which players encounter during the match.

Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Life Satisfaction Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Shanghai, China.

ObjectiveThis study examined problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and its relationship with life satisfaction in Chinese university students during the pandemic.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was conducted in a university in China. The Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used to assess the severity of problematic mobile phone use and life satisfaction, respectively. Data on demographic and health-related factors were also collected.ResultsA total of 1,491 undergraduate students (73.3% were male) completed the survey. On average, students in the survey reported spending 7.4 ± 4.3 h/day on phone use. Their MPAI score was 38.1 ± 13.3 and SWLS score was 24.9 ± 6.8, respectively. After controlling for confounding factors, the MPAI score was significantly associated with lower life satisfaction. Multiple linear regression revealed that higher monthly allowances, frequent insomnia, longer phone use duration were significantly associated with PMPU.ConclusionUniversity students in China spend nearly half of their waking hours on mobile phone use, significantly longer than before the COVID-19 pandemic. PMPU is associated with insomnia, lower life satisfaction and higher allowances. If the trend continues after the pandemic, interventions may be needed. Increase in-person interactions, limiting online social and gaming time, awareness campaign may be effective in reducing the impact of PMPU and improve life satisfaction.

The effects of an early intervention on adults’ gaming-related problems – a pilot study

Gaming Disorder (GD) has been recognized as an official psychiatric condition characterized by individuals’ impaired control over gaming, continuous gaming despite the occurrence of negative side-effects, and gaming taking increasing priority over other important areas of life, thus leading to significant impairments in their everyday lives. To date few prevention and treatment programs have been developed. The present pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of an early psycho-educational intervention for young adults with excessive gaming behaviors. A one-group pre- and post-test design without a control group was used. A total of 22 young adults (20 males and 2 females) aged between 18 and 28 (M = 23.05, SD = 3.02) years old, engaged with the intervention. The severity of gaming-related problems, average gaming time per day, quality of life, and mental well-being were assessed at pretest and post-test stages. Participants demonstrated a slight reduction in gaming time (d = 0.13, p = .545 for weekdays, and d = 0.08, p = .714 for weekend days) and in the severity of problematic gaming (d = 0.17, p = .411) over the three-month intervention period. Changes in neither gaming-related measures nor self-assessed quality of life (p > .01) and mental well-being (d = 0.23, p = .288) reached statistical significance, however. Regardless of limitations on sample size, this study shows encouraging signs that this brief 10-session and three-month educational intervention can achieve positive effects on gaming behavior. A larger scale investigation is needed to develop the intervention further.

Maladaptive cognitions, loneliness, and social anxiety as potential moderators of the association between Internet gaming time and Internet gaming disorder among adolescent Internet gamers in China

The significance of Internet gaming time’s dosage effect on Internet gaming disorder (IGD) may depend on gamers’ characteristics. Majority of the gamers with extensive gaming time do not develop IGD. This study investigated moderation effects of cognitive/psychosocial factors on the association between Internet gaming time and probable IGD among adolescent Internet gamers in China. The cross-sectional, self-administered, and anonymous survey was conducted from October to December of 2018 among seven conveniently selected secondary school students in Chengdu and Guangzhou, China. Probable IGD was measured by using the DSM-5 checklist. The cognitive/psychosocial moderators were assessed by using validated instruments. Of the 2,503 students who had played Internet games (past 12 months), the prevalence of probable IGD was 17.7%. Internet gaming time [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 1.06], the three maladaptive cognitions specific to Internet gaming (perceived overvaluation of rewards, perceived urges, and perceived unwillingness to stop playing) (ORa = 1.17 to 1.44), and the two types of psychosocial factors (loneliness and social anxiety) (ORa = 1.09 to 1.13) were independent risk factors of probable IGD. Moderation analyses showed that overall maladaptive cognitions, perceived urges, and loneliness (but not the other two types of cognitions and social anxiety) were significant moderators of the association between Internet gaming time and probable IGD. The dose–effect relationship of Internet gaming time on probable IGD was significantly and slightly stronger among those with higher levels of perceived urges and loneliness. Interventions to reduce the levels of such moderators may reduce probable IGD directly and buffer the dosage effect among adolescents.

Development of the self-concept of a pensioner

Relevance. The article emphasizes the relevance of the study of emotional burnout in students. It is noted that in student-athletes it is due to the heterochronous onset of the stages of professional activity and professional training. The similarity of the third stage of burnout and addictive behavior is highlighted. The question is raised about the relationship between academic emotional burnout and addictions of various kinds.Purpose. To identify the relationship of academic emotional burnout with various types of addictions in students studying in the direction of "Physical Culture". Methodology and organization of the research. The data of an experimental study are presented, which included the study of two groups of student-athletes: fulltime students, the average age is 19 years, and part-time students, the average age is 34 years.The results of the research. It was found that both groups have high burnout rates. Due to their age, young athletes prefer non-physical addictions, such as gaming and spending time on social networks.Conclusions. In the adult group, attempts to cope with burnout were more associated with chemical addictions and workaholism. With the help of statistical methods, the connection between emotional burnout in student-athletes and a tendency to addictive behavior has been proved.

Short-term and long-term associations with sleep onset latency in school children in Japan.

This study aims to examine the relationships between sleep onset latency and multiple sleep-related factors of seventh and tenth graders during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Regarding sleep onset latency, we examined the short-term associations in Phase IV (2002) and long-term associations in Phase V (2005) of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study. In total, 4,673 boys and 4,694 girls in Phase IV and 2,969 boys and 3,108 girls in Phase V answered the questionnaire items regarding sleep, physical and mental health, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and family and school factors. Considering sleep onset latency as the outcome and 13 sleep-related factors as independent variables, we calculated the odds ratio using binary logistic regression. The longitudinal study was conducted with 1,703 boys and 1,919 girls whose sleep onset latency was within 30 min in Phase IV. The following factors were found to be related to longer sleep onset latency in the short term: sleep duration, physical activity, game time, and self-esteem in boys and sleep duration, bedroom environment, game time, abdominal pain, long-standing illness, onset of puberty, mental health difficulties, and school avoidance feelings in girls. Regarding its long-term effects, having a single parent and self-esteem in boys and breakfast, game time, long-standing illness, obesity, onset of puberty, and school avoidance feelings in girls were associated with longer sleep onset latency. Education of adolescent health and sleep hygiene at home and school should include both short-term and long-term associations between sleep and a healthy lifestyle by gender.

Parent‐delivered contingency management for a treatment‐refusing young adult with gaming disorder: Case report

AbstractOnline video gaming is a popular activity among people of all ages. For some, however, gaming can become problematic. While evidence exists for the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for gaming disorder (GD), a major challenge is that adolescents and young adults, particularly males, are often reluctant to seek help and engage long term with a mental health practitioner. This report presents a case involving brief parent‐delivered contingency management for a 19‐year‐old male with GD who refused to engage with treatment services following a significant decline in functioning and a high‐lethality suicide attempt. This approach led to a substantial reduction in gaming time, as well as related gains in self‐care and independence. This case highlights the value and feasibility of developing a therapeutic alliance with a parent to manage excessive gaming behaviours among treatment‐refusing individuals with GD. Practical challenges and associated lessons from managing this case are discussed. Practitioner points Brief parent‐delivered contingency management was implemented for a 19‐year‐old treatment‐refusing male with GD. This approach led to a substantial reduction in the young man's gaming time as well as related gains in areas of self‐care and independence at 6‐month follow‐up. This case highlights the value and feasibility of developing a therapeutic alliance with a parent to manage excessive gaming behaviours among treatment‐refusing individuals with GD.

The relationship between reaction time and gaming time in e-sports players

E-sports can be defined as an electronic sports form and is growing at a rapid pace worldwide. E-sport requires high-speed reactions during all games. The purpose of this study was to evaluate auditory, visual and aim reaction times in different duration of game playing in e-sport players. Fifty-three participants were assigned into two groups according to their playing time which was either more or less than 14 hours per week. The participants were tested for auditory reaction time with online website at playback.fm, visual and aim reaction time on website of humanbenchmark.com. There were statistically significant differences in visual (p<.001) and aim (p<.001) reaction time between the groups, whereas in auditory reaction time no significant difference was found (p=.397). The visual and aim reaction times were higher in the gamers who play more than 14 hours in e-sport. Our study showed that visual and aim reaction time was more affected from game playing time than auditory reaction time in e-sport gamers. Playing e-sport may have positive effects on visual and aim reaction time in young population.

Цифровые технологии и их влияние на социальные и психологические характеристики детей и подростков

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the adolescents’ involvement in virtual cyberspace and the influence of activities in it on their social and psychological characteristics, as well as on the features of the critical brain systems functioning. Close and highest values of use by teenagers the frequency as a means of leisure video games and communication in social networks are considered. At the same time, the increase in the number of users with new technologies, according to modern scientific literature, outpaces the accumulation of knowledge about the influence of the information environment on the human psyche and brain, which are forming and developing in new conditions. There are evidence, provided the high values of the use two main types of digital technologies: virtual communications in social networks and video games, which can be associated with the methodical features of surveys and questionnaires and do not reflect the selectivity of adolescent behavior in cyberspace. Scientific sources suggest that a certain proportion of researchers are positive and optimistic about the use of video games in education and leisure, emphasizing their evolving effects on visual memory, spatial orientation and the ability to make correct decisions in uncertain or complex situations. At the same time, there is little evidence of significant changes in verbal-conceptual intelligence. The structure of intellectual functions changes with an emphasis on non-verbal intelligence clearly demonstrate the directional impact of computer games on the highest mental functions, the degree transformation of which depends on the game practice and content of games. The noted negative effects of adolescent gaming activity on the emotional and social characteristics of gamers’ behavior can be associated not only with the gaming time so perhaps with the premorbid features of adolescents, such as depressive experiences. Most researchers on the impact of over-the-counter social media on the psychological and social characteristics of adolescents express similar views, characterizing fans of virtual communication as aggressive, hostile personalities, with superficial assessments and reduced criticism of information in blogs and accounts. This set of properties of users by social networks creates a basis for their involvement in various anti-social actions in cyberspace and real public life. In connection with these facts, it is necessary and possible to research the role of social networks’ commercialization as the causes of the emergence of underage millionaires, bloggers, whose example and success educates much more effectively than school and family. Clinical study over the fascination with video games and virtual life in social networks are in DSM-V in the form of a special form of technology dependences, internet- addiction. Internet abuses based of the specifics of the activity of neural networks, regulating higher mental functions and behaviors. There is the risk of organic lesions of the central nervous system of modern adolescents and social disability of the younger generation. At present, it is not clear the cause-and-effect relationship of premorbid features of abuser and the rate of addiction formation, which certainly requires further research of adolescents, whose leisure time is increase to many hours of action on the Internet and gadgets. The facts mentioned in the article emphasize the relevance and importance of studying psychophysiological and physiological mechanisms, which are most sensitive to the influence of information factors of the environment. It is necessary to formulate a general practical task of preventing excessive fascination with the Internet and gaming by teenagers, the formation of digital diagnostic methods of assessments of brain and mental functioning, as well as corrective psychological and educational activities and programs.

Gaming times four: How does customer participation shape consumer brand identification during the new product creation process A conceptual model proposal

Consumer participation in the new product development is an old concept, but one that has only recently started to appear more among companies in the gaming industry. This paper proposes a conceptual model focused on understanding what effect consumer's participation has on Consumer Brand Identification (CBI) through perceived brand attractiveness - conducting a mediating, and brand innovativeness - a moderating role. A research model is constructed together with the possible hypotheses and research design. Also, possible outcomes, future research opportunities and limitations are provided for those who are interested in researching the effect that the consumer's participation has on CBI in different cultural setups.