G20 Leaders Research Articles

India’s G20 Presidency and Impact on Indian Tourism, Travel and Hospitality Business

It has been called Bharat’s G20 moment and how, the nation is using the opportunity to boost tourism and its vibrant culture. Milestones in any business are necessary, as they usher in a turning point. The push and pull factors of India, has ensured, not only inbound tourism, but galvanized domestic tourism on account of the facilities and opportunities and yes, the pride of every citizen to see his/her own country. If Covid-19 was a milestone with the learnings that it provided, G20 too has helped evoke the tourism, travel, and hospitality (TTH) business to reach the $1 trillion mark by 2047; when the nation celebrates its 100 years of existence as an independent nation. It was a moment of pride when Prime Minister Narendra Modi, leading the Indian delegation took over the G20 Presidency in 2022 from Indonesia and it was official that from 1st December 2022 to 30th November 2023. It was envisaged that a total of 215 G20 meetings would be conducted across 55 locations and tourism would have a total of four meetings. Three of the official meetings under the tourism track led by India’s G20 Sherpa, Mr. Amitabh Kant would be held at: Gujarat (Rann of Kutch), West Bengal (Siliguri) and Jammu and Kashmir (Srinagar). The fourth Ministerial Level tourism meeting of G20 leaders was organized in Goa where a multitude of decisions were taken on various domains that will impact the TTH businesses and yes, most importantly environmental. The research paper focuses on what that TTH stakeholders feel about the G20 meetings in India and how it would impact the Travel and Tourism scenario, both inbound tourism (IBT), outbound tourism (OBT) and domestic.

Systemic Functional Analysis in Political Speeches—A Study on Xi Jinping’s Address at the 16th G20 Leaders’ Summit

This thesis makes an analysis of Xi Jinping’s address at the 16th G20 Leaders’ Summit from the perspective of systematic functional grammar. It bases on Halliday’s theory of meta-functions, integrating ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function to analyze the social communicative message of the address. By use of the language skills of three meta-functions, president Xi conveyed his determination to safeguard the interests of the state and the government, call on all countries in the world to jointly practice true multilateralism, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Also, the thesis reveals the hidden ideological meaning and social structure as well as power control relationship in discourse, highlights the core issues of the current world and emphasizes the global development strategic blueprint in the 21st century, which provides a new analytical method for us to learn about political speech.

A STUDY ON PRESIDENCY OF THE G20 IN INDIA: SWOC ANALYSIS

India assumed the presidency of the G20 grouping from Indonesia on December 1, 2022, and will hold the post for a year. During its presidency, in a variety of social and economic sectors, India aims to identify, highlight, build and deepen international support for vitally important issues. This G20 conference in India is intended to continue pressing for reformed multilateralism that creates a multipolar international structure that is more accountable, inclusive, equitable and representative. India also intends to highlight inclusive growth and development at the G20 summit, placing a focus on women's empowerment and representation in essence of its G20 discussions.(indiafoundation, 2022).The G20 is an international forum for governance of the global economy, representing 85% of two-thirds of the world's population, 75% of global trade, and the worldwide GDP.(THE TIMES OF INDIA, 2023).India has been a member of the G20 since 1999 and will keep chairmanship for one year.(THE TIMES OF INDIA, 2023).India's Presidency comes at a time of global flux, with the Russia-Ukraine conflict and sanctions affecting the most vulnerable developing countries and LDCs. India's vision for global development, is shaped by green and digital uprisings and the pandemic effect. With a new emphasis on the "global common good", PM Modi has changed India's foreign policy. Through its leadership of the G20, India seeks to find long-term & appropriate approaches to global problems including climate change, emerging technologies, food and energy security.(THE TIMES OF INDIA, 2023).India will host the G20 Leaders' Summit in New Delhi in 2023. (THE TIMES OF INDIA, 2023).The objectives of this article are to analyze the country's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges (SWOC) in the context of India in the G20 summit. The current study is conducted using secondary data from books, government publications, open-source databases, and other literature sources. It is based on both descriptive and analytical research methodologies.

Strengthening G20 Support for the UN’s SustainableDevelopment Goal 13 on Climate Change

Climate change, biodiversity loss and human-generated pollution pose an urgent, existential threat to all living things. UnitedNations (UN) scientific reports, and several others, confirm humanity’s destructive impact on the earth’s atmosphere,land and water. They also confirm that climate change creates new problems and exacerbates existing social and economicproblems across all the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the UN’s Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. Yet,in their design, the 17 SDGs and their 169 targets make very few explicit links between climate change, specifically, and theother ecological and socio-economic goals. And, on the few key indicators tracked by the Sustainable Development IndexDashboard under SDG 13 on climate change, the developed countries lag well behind developing ones, while progress onmany SDGs has reversed since 2019. The Group of 20 (G20) developed and emerging economies, all systemically significant,comply with their own climate change goals at an average of just 69%. Given its membership profile and vast resources,the G20 has great potential to reinforce progress toward the SDGs. By improving its own performance on climate change, theG20 can help the UN and its members spur progress on SDG 13 on climate change, and thus on other closely related SDGs.The G20 leaders at their summits should therefore make far more ambitious commitments on climate change, explicitly linkthem to sustainable development, SDG 13, other socio-economic SDGs, and the UN’s climate conference. They shouldalso foster more synergies between the UN’s SDG high level meetings, UN climate summits, and special climate summits,and recognize in their G20 communiqués the climate-related, shock-activated vulnerabilities of, and their socio-economicimpacts on, countries in and beyond the G20.

The G20 and the Think 20 as new global education policy actors? Discursive analysis of roles and policy ideas

PurposeThe Group of Twenty (G20) has substantial influence in global economic policy but has been peripheral in global education governance. There is intensification of education policy-relevant engagement within the Think 20 (T20), the “ideas bank” and official engagement group of the G20. The authors analyse the evolution of education as a policy domain within the T20, the ideas and discursive framing of education and global education policy “solutions” and assumptions about the G20 in education policy engagement.Design/methodology/approachThe authors view the T20 as an external actor that can mobilise policy-relevant ideas to G20 actors responsible for internal policy selection and translation. The analysis covers the period 2018–2021 when education became an explicit T20 policy area. The authors screened all 461 T20 policy briefs across all domains. Of these, 32 briefs and four final T20 Summit communiqués were reviewed using critical discourse analysis. Data were supplemented via organisational websites and tacit professional knowledge.FindingsThree assumptions on the G20 as an actor prevailed: (1) policymaker, (2) policy shaper and (3) knowledge mobiliser. The framing ideas on education were linked to assumptions on drivers of education system reform as intertwined with, or to enable: (1) economic adaptation, (2) technical adaptation and (3) socio-political adaptation of individuals and societies.Originality/valueAccelerated education engagement within the T20 and its direct reach to G20 leaders makes it, and the G20, analytically unique and new unexamined actors of potential influence. The authors conclude that the T20 is positioned as a unique actor, both that can mobilise education policy-relevant ideas to G20 leaders, and legitimised as the actor from which G20 leaders and policymakers should adopt ideas.

Governing aid coordination in regional platforms: the G20 Compact with Africa case

The diversity and increasing number of development actors is a factor of complexity for recipient countries that puts at risk the efficiency of assistance delivery and undermines country ownership. The G20 Leaders have called on the international community to promote country platforms, owned by governments, to foster coordination among development partners and mobilize private investments. The objective of this study is to analyse the coordination exercise of the G20 Compact with Africa, a regional platform initiated under the Germany G20 Presidency in 2017, in line with its mandate to leverage private financing. In particular, we will investigate how the international community pursues common goals in the sectors of operations under the Compact with Africa and how Compact's countries structure their national development and sectoral strategies in synergy with development partners. The analysis will be triangulated through a documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews to assess how country platforms can contribute to promoting a coordinated approach among development partners in the definition of government priorities and attract private sector investments. Points for practitioners The implications of this work emphasize that country platforms can act as a vehicle to harmonize, monitor, and narrow the number of development priorities in a country. For this mechanism to be effective, country leadership and ownership should be inclusive of all development partners and in line with governments’ needs and targets.

Deconstructing agency in the G20 leaders' declarations in the last decade: A corpus-assisted discourse study

Investigating agency has become a pivotal issue in discourse studies, especially organizational discourse. This study aims to identify the controlling agency (who/what) behind G20 leaders' declarations in the last decade and how such agency is constructed. To this end, this study offers a concise examination of relevant literature investigating fundamental concepts like discourse and agency in light of the overlapping relationship between form and function in language studies. Further, an eclectic methodological approach has been devised to arrive at a multi-leveled analysis. Two stages of analysis were designed. First, a corpus of the declarations between 2012 and 2021 was created and analyzed using #LancsBox v.6.x. and Wmatrix. At this stage, we was established as a prime agent in the corpus and proven to collocate heavily with agentive speech acts. One sample declaration, Riyadh 2020, was used for minute discourse analysis in the second stage. Inspired by transitivity system, process type analysis, and multivalence frameworks, this stage revealed the profound presence of non-human agency alongside the human one. Nevertheless, further examination demonstrated that this sample still constrains non-human agency due to semantic and textual constraints.

INDIA AND G20: STRENGTHENING AND SHAPING GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

For the first time in the history of the G20, India, an emerging power representing 1.30 billion people with a democratic polity, will host the summit from 1st December 2022 and convene the G20 Leaders Summit in 2023. This symbolises that the focus of international development cooperation has shifted towards the Global South, illustrating the growing influence of emerging economies such as India in promoting multilateralism and directing international development cooperation. G20, accounting for 85 per cent of global GDP, 75 per cent of international trade and two-thirds of the world population, is a premier forum for international economic cooperation. India presidency in this unique global institution presents an excellent opportunity to accelerate sustainable growth within India, in the emerging world, and beyond. India support for global cooperation, inclusive development, economic stability, and sustainable growth is in line with its national goals and the values espoused by other leaders of the G20. In this background, the paper explores India core interests in G20 and is confined to a specific question-With Global discord at its peak, what will India G 20 presidency focus on? It concludes by stating that India presidency has the potential to assist states struggling to overcome the effects of the covid-19 pandemic, as well as to accept diverse perspectives and opinions regarding the ongoing matters of concern. KEYWORDS: India, G 20, Global South, sustainable growth, inclusive development, economic stability

Next steps for cross-border payments: Aligning ambition with action

Enhancing cross-border payment arrangements is a shared global goal. Commitment, coordination and accountability will be critical to success. The Roadmap's endorsement by the G20 Leaders underlines its strong political backing from the largest financial centres. The private sector also has an important role to play in making the improvements in cross-border payments to achieve the ambitious targets of the Roadmap. Indeed, the success of the Roadmap will depend heavily on the commitment of public authorities and the private sector, working together to implement necessary improvements in existing payment infrastructure and developing new systems.

Open Letter to G7 and G20 leaders: resolve global crises to secure our future

Open Letter to G7 and G20 leaders: resolve global crises to secure our future

Diplomacy, debt, and change: the international debt architecture after the Covid-19 pandemic

The article argues that the response from the Group of Twenty (G20) and the Paris Club to the covid-19 pandemic in the field of sovereign debt marks a turning point in the international debt architecture. In articulating a new approach, G20 leaders and Paris Club creditors approved the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI), which seeks to provide fiscal relief to help low-income economies (LIEs) face the pandemic crisis. Thereafter, the G20 and the Paris Club endorsed the Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the DSSI (CFDT), a mechanism to tackle the solvency problems of LIEs through debt restructuring processes. The CFDT is the first mechanism since the Paris Club’s creation in 1956 that brings together both its members and non-members on a permanent basis, and the first one that the G20 rather than the Group of Seven (G7) established. The CFDT’s design takes into account the changes in the sovereign debt landscape over the last 25 years, but it also seeks to maintain the Paris Club’s influence as the main forum for sovereign debt restructuring despite its declining importance.

Unsettling time(s): Reconstituting the when of urban radical politics

In Indigenous/settler colonial contexts, cities are both rich and lived, multitemporal Indigenous places/spaces and sites of ongoing Indigenous dispossession. In this paper, we aim to unsettle linear notions of time associated with mainstream constructions of colonisation. We suggest that doing urban politics on stolen land requires a reconstitution of the when of urban struggles to engage with colonising pasts, presents and futures, and with multi-temporal survivances of Indigenous peoples and Country, in the here and now. Time in and as city-as-Country is multiple, non-linear, active, and made through/as relationships. As we engage with the gifts and responsibilities of non-linear time, we are led by Meanjin [so-called Brisbane, Australia], the teachings of activists from the Brisbane Aboriginal Sovereign Embassy and week-long protest actions that took place to coincide with the G20 Leaders' Meeting in 2014. We do this as two settler geographers, with complicities and responsibilities in/to the present, past and future as uninvited guests on unceded Aboriginal land. We signal a need to deepen the engagements of urban geographical and anti-capitalist politics with the specificities of the urban as Indigenous place/space/Country in order to complicate geographical conceptualisations of the urban and work towards decolonising the city in Indigenous/settler-colonial contexts.

Saudi Arabia’s Climate Change Policy and the Circular Carbon Economy Approach

ABSTRACT During its Presidency of the Group of Twenty (G20) in 2020, Saudi Arabia launched the concept of the circular carbon economy (CCE) as a framework for reducing emissions to a level consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement. The concept, which was endorsed by both G20 leaders and energy ministers, comes at a time when Saudi Arabia appears to have stabilised its domestic emissions after decades of rapid growth. This article describes the CCE concept and positions it alongside other related sustainability concepts, and assesses how it may be meaningfully applied. To that end, the article provides an analysis of key greenhouse gas (GHG) and carbon dioxide (CO2) trends in Saudi Arabia and existing climate change-related policies and measures using the CCE as a framing tool. Prominent data sources indicate that Saudi Arabia’s total CO2 emissions experienced their first-ever significant decline in 2018, of 3.93%. The analysis suggests that policy-induced variables, namely energy price reform and more robust energy efficiency measures, played a significant role in this. The article also explores the potential of key mitigation options if limiting global warming below 2°C is to be achieved. Finally, the article discusses the international significance of the CCE concept and its potential to foster stronger engagement on net-zero pathways, particularly from fossil-fuel rich countries and hard-to-abate sectors. Key policy insights The CCE approach aspires to promote holistic assessments of how various carbon management options fit together to achieve a carbon balance, or net-zero emissions. Saudi Arabia's adoption of the concept signals a stronger level of engagement on climate policy. CCE’s game-changing potential derives from how it allows aligning fossil fuel producers’ interests with net-zero emissions trajectories. A meaningful operationalisation of the CCE in Saudi Arabia will still require a stronger CO2 accounting framework, aligned with international measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) standards. Achieving an emissions pathway consistent with a 2°C global warming target in Saudi Arabia would require significantly more policy support for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and hydrogen in particular, along with a continued emphasis on renewable energy and energy efficiency. The CCE should also be seen as a tool to build bridges between fossil fuel importers and exporters for holistic discussions around energy transition..

Vaccine apartheid: global cooperation and equity

Vaccine apartheid: global cooperation and equity

From Silos to Synergies: G20 Governance of the SDGs, Climate Change & Digitalization

How well and why have Group of 20 (G20) summits advanced Agenda 2030’s sustainable development goals (SDGs) in a synergistic way, with climate change and digitization at the core? An answer to this urgent, indeed existential, question comes from a systematic analysis of G20 summit governance of the SDGs, climate change and digitization to assess the ambition and appropriateness of advances within each pillar and the synergistic links among them. This analysis examines G20 governance of the SDGs, sustainable development, climate change and digitization across the major dimensions of performance and evaluates how performance has changed and become synergistic with the advent of the SDGs in 2015 and the shock of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. The latter has shown the need to prevent global ecological crises and spurred the digitization of the economy, society and health. Yet, G20 summit governance has largely remained in separate silos, doing little to use the digital revolution to address climate change or reach the SDGs. This highlights the need for G20 leaders to forge links at their future summits by mainstreaming the SDGs and mobilizing the digital revolution and climate action for future health and well-being.

Analysis of President Xi’s Speech at the Extraordinary G20 Leaders’ Summit in light of Systemic Functional Grammar

Politics is a genre of language, and language is the manifestation of politics (Mazrui, 2008). Political discourse not only plays an important role in the process of national external communication but also conveys certain ideology and political intentions. Based on interpersonal function in Systemic Functional Grammar and using President Xi’s speech at the Extraordinary G20 Leaders’ Summit as the original data, this paper analyzes and explores how this speech can achieve discourse function through personal pronouns, mood, and modality. In addition, this paper reveals how various linguistic resources are used to realize interpersonal meaning in political discourse.

Targeted change making for a healthy recovery

An unprecedented global mobilisation of health workers has called upon G20 leaders to focus on a healthy recovery from COVID-19 that centres on equity, climate change, biodiversity, and other planetary health considerations necessary to prevent the next crisis. Having been disrupted, global societies are being reimagined and generationally significant funds are being spent to bring new systems to life.

To Embrace Open Science More Closely

At the Extraordinary G20 Leaders' Summit on COVID-19 on March 26, 2020, China launched an online knowledge center for the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia, a center open to all countries. Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease, China has been sharing knowledge about disease prevention and control with the World Health Organization and governments throughout the world.

Scaling Development Finance for Our Common Future

The G-20 and the broader world community has committed to ambitious goals to close global infrastructure gaps, mitigate climate change, and advance the 2030 Agenda for development. We call on G20 leaders to task development finance institutions (DFIs) such as the development banks in member countries and the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) of which G-20 countries are members, to commit to scaling up resources by 25 percent, to calibrate new financing to international commitments to mitigate climate change and the 2030 agenda, and to work together as an inclusive system toward achieving those shared goals.

Institutional Quality and the Fight of the G20 Leaders for the International Agenda in Print Media

Institutional Quality and the Fight of the G20 Leaders for the International Agenda in Print Media