G-aenial Bond Research Articles

Microtensile Bond Strength of Fiber-Reinforced and Particulate Filler Composite to Coronal and Pulp Chamber Floor Dentin

This ex vivo study aimed to compare the microtensile bond strength of fiber-reinforced and particulate filler composite to coronal and pulp chamber floor dentin using a self-etching adhesive system. Coronal dentin of 40 human molar teeth was exposed by cutting occlusal enamel with a low-speed saw. Teeth were then randomly divided into two groups (n = 20). The first group was left as is, while in the second group, pulp chamber floor dentin was exposed by trepanation. After placement of a self-etching adhesive system (G-aenial Bond, GC, Tokyo, Japan), groups were further divided into two sub-groups (n = 10) according to the type of composite: fiber-reinforced composite (EP, everX Posterior, GC, Tokyo, Japan) and particulate filler composite (GP, G-aenial Posterior, GC, Tokyo, Japan). Then, composite blocks were built up. Sticks (1.0 × 1.0 mm2) were obtained from each specimen by sectioning, then microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test was performed. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA test and Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). μTBS values were 22.91 ± 14.66 and 24.44 ± 13.72 MPa on coronal dentin, 14.00 ± 5.83 and 12.10 ± 8.89 MPa on pulp chamber floor dentin for EP and GP, respectively. Coronal dentin yielded significantly higher μTBS than pulp chamber floor dentin (p < 0.05), independently from the tested composites.

Interface between calcium silicate cement and adhesive systems according to adhesive families and cement maturation.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the interface between a calcium silicate cement (CSC), Biodentine and dental adhesives in terms of sealing ability.Materials and MethodsMicroleakage test: 160 standardized class II cavities were prepared on 80 extracted human molars. The cavities were filled with Biodentine and then divided into 2 experimental groups according to the time of restoration: composite resin obturation 15 minutes after Biodentine handling (D0); restoration after 7 days (D7). Each group was then divided into 8 subgroups (n = 5) according to the adhesive system used: etch-and-rinse adhesive (Prime & Bond); self-etch adhesive 2 steps (Optibond XTR and Clearfil SE Bond); self-etch adhesive 1 step (Xeno III, G-aenial Bond, and Clearfil Tri-S Bond); and universal used as etch-and-rinse or self-etch (ScotchBond Universal ER or SE). After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in a silver nitrate solution, stained, longitudinally sectioned, and the Biodentine/adhesive percolation was quantified. Scanning electron microscopic observations: Biodentine/adhesive interfaces were observed.ResultsA tendency towards less microleakage was observed when Biodentine was etched (2.47%) and when restorations were done without delay (D0: 4.31%, D7: 6.78%), but this was not significant. The adhesives containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer showed the most stable results at both times studied. All Biodentine/adhesive interfaces were homogeneous and regular.ConclusionsThe good sealing of the CSC/adhesive interface is not a function of the system adhesive family used or the cement maturation before restoration. Biodentine can be used as a dentine substitute.

Influence of commercial adhesive with/without silane on the bond strength of resin-based composite repaired within twenty-four hours

Background/purposeIt is not clear whether the ground surface of resin-based composite (RBC) polymerized requires the application of an adhesive with/without a silane to improve bond strength. This study investigated the bond strength of RBC repaired within 24 h via the application of adhesive with/without a silane. Materials and methodsSeventy RBC blocks were prepared and assigned to either 0 or 24 h repair stage. Each stage was divided into seven groups: a control group with no surface roughening or applied adhesive, a surface-roughened group with no applied adhesive, two surface-roughened groups treated with a G-aenial Bond adhesive and a BeautiBond Multi adhesive, two surface-roughened groups treated with the previously-mentioned adhesives as well as silane coupling agents, and one group treated with a Single Bond Universal silane-containing adhesive. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) measurements were performed after the repaired RBC blocks of each group (n = 5) had been immersed in a 37 °C water bath for 24 h. The failure mode of each sample was determined, and the data were analyzed via one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett's test (p = 0.05). ResultsRegardless of the repair stage, the μTBS values of the adhesive-only and silane-adhesive groups did not differ significantly from those of the control group (p > 0.05). Only the no-adhesive groups exhibited a significantly time-dependent increase in adhesive failure rate. ConclusionOur results suggest that the application of adhesives either with or without silane can significantly increase the bond strength of repairs to RBCs polymerized within 24 h.

Fluoride-Releasing Restorative Materials: The Effect of a Resinous Coat on Ion Release.

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of two adhesive systems and a glass ionomer coating resin on fluoride release and concurrent pH changes over a period of 168 days.Material and methodsFour restorative materials were investigated: a giomer Beautiful II, an “alkasite” material Cention, a conventional composite Filtek Z250, and a glass ionomer cement Fuji IX Extra. Light-cured composite specimens were coated using G-aenial Bond and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick. Glass ionomer specimens were coated using GC Fuji Coat LC. Uncoated specimens were used as references. Quantitative fluoride release and pH changes were measured after1 h, 24 h, 2 days, 7 days, 28 days, 84 days, and 168 days.ResultsThe cumulative fluoride release after 168 days increased for uncoated specimens in the following order: Filtek Z250 < Beautifil II < Cention < Fuji IX Extra. A comparatively lower fluoride release was measured for the composites coated with Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, with cumulative values after 168 days increasing in the following order: Filtek Z250 < Beautifil II < Cention. The composites coated with G-aenial Bond showed lower fluoride release compared to the uncoated specimens, with cumulative values increasing in the following order: Filtek Z250 < Beautifil II < Cention. The composites coated with G-aenial Bond showed pH values in the acidic range (4.4-5.7) after 1 h and 24 h.ConclusionFluoride release varied among the investigated restorative materials and depended on the use of dental adhesives and coatings. The pH of all materials, coating types and time points varied.

Activation of matrix-bound endogenous proteases by self-etch adhesives.

The study evaluated changes in total enzymatic activity and degradation of demineralized dentin following the application of universal or self-etch adhesives. The universal adhesives -Scotchbond Universal (SU) and All-Bond Universal (ABU) and self-etch adhesives -Adper Easy Bond (EB) and G-aenial Bond (GB) were used for 2 min pretreatment of the dentin beams. Phosphoric acid (PA) treatment as well as no treatment served as controls. Total enzymatic activity was analyzed before and after treatment, collagen degradation was assessed using mass loss, C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and C-terminal-telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) release (24 h, 3-day, 3-week). Over three weeks of incubation, ICTP release of ABU treated beams was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05), except for SU treated beams (p>0.05) and CTX release of GB treated beams was the highest among the groups with statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The results confirm that the universal adhesives tested have also potential to increase the enzymatic activity in dentin.

Effect of solvent of one-step self-etch adhesives on the marginal integrity of resin composite to enamel and dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal integrity of a solvent-free one-step self-etch adhesive (Bond 1SF) and to compare it with ethanol-water based adhesive (Single Bond Universal (SB)) and acetone-water based adhesive (G-aenial Bond (GB)), at different storage times. Class V cavities (2×3.5×2.5 mm) were prepared on the buccal aspects of 90 human molars. The adhesives were applied to the cavities then the specimens were restored with A2 shade of Z250XT composite resin. Each group was evaluated for dye penetration under a stereomicroscope at X32 after one day, one month, and six months. Statistical analyses were carried out. In addition, in each experimental group, one specimen were prepared for analysis under SEM. Results: There were a significant differences in microleakage between the three adhesives at one day, Bond 1SF (B1SF) was the highest one. Whereas, there were no significant differences at six months. There were a significant differences in microleakage between the occlusal and gingival margin microleakage. Gingival margin microleakage was higher than that of occlusal margin. Conclusion: Storage time has adverse effect on the marginal integrity of solvent containing one-step self-etch adhesive while has no adverse effect on one-step solvent-free self-etch adhesive, microleakage increase obviously at the gingival margin, the type of solvent has a positive effect on the marginal integrity, ethanol-water based one step self-etch adhesives showed superior marginal integrity

Effects of the Contents of Various Solvents in One-step Self-etch Adhesives on Shear Bond Strengths to Enamel and Dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of one-step self-etch adhesives containing different co-solvents to enamel and dentin and to determine the failure modes of tested specimens. Two hundred and forty (n = 240) sound human molars were used. The buccal surfaces of each tooth were ground and polished to obtain flat enamel surfaces (n = 120) or to expose the underlying dentin (n = 120). The specimens with exposed enamel or dentin were randomly divided into four main groups (n = 30) according to the one-step self-etch adhesives used: Bond-1 SF, OptiBond All-In-One, G-aenial, and Single Bond Universal adhesive. All the main groups were then subdivided into two subgroups (control and thermocycling subgroups) (n = 15). After bonding procedures, a composite restoration (Filtek Z250) was applied in a vinyl tube and condensed against the cured adhesive bonding agent, to form a resin cylinder. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours (control and thermocycling subgroups), followed by thermocycling (5-55°C/5,000 cycles + storage in artificial saliva for 2 weeks) (thermocycling subgroup). They were subjected to SBS testing in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. After being shear-tested, all fractured samples were examined by means of a Hirox Digital Microscope at 50× magnification for failure analysis. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis at a p value of ≤0.05. OptiBond All-In-One adhesive showed significantly higher mean SBS values on both types of tooth structures (enamel and dentin) and under different conditions (control and thermocycled) compared with the other three adhesives (p < 0.001), except in the enamel-thermocycled group, where the Single Bond Universal adhesive showed higher mean SBS but without a significant difference compared with the OptiBond All-In-One adhesive (p = 0.266), and there was no significant difference between OptiBond All-In-One and G-aenial Bond in the same group (p = 0.192). Conversely, Bond-1 SF showed significantly lower mean SBS values compared with those of the other three adhesives on different types of tooth structures and under different conditions (control and thermocycled) (p < 0.001). One-step self-etch adhesives containing ethanol as a solvent or co-solvent showed higher SBS compared with the other self-etching bonding agents. The bond strength values of these adhesives to dentin are significantly higher than those to enamel. The types of solvents of one-step self-etch adhesives had an effect on SBS, and the absence of solvent in those adhesives would adversely influence their performance. How to cite this article: Ageel FA, Alqahtani MQ. Effects of the Contents of Various Solvents in One-step Self-etch Adhesives on Shear Bond Strengths to Enamel and Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20(11):1260-1268.

Effect of Surface Sealant Reapplication on Clinical Performance of HEMA-containing and HEMA-free Self-etch Adhesives: Two-year Results.

To evaluate the clinical performance of one-step self-etch adhesives over two years with and without the application of a surface sealant. In total, 160 restorations in 40 patients were performed for occlusal caries. Each patient received four Class I restorations, which included a 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-containing (Clearfil S3 Bond) and HEMA-free (G-aenial Bond) one-step self-etch adhesive system with and without surface sealant. Half of the restored teeth received Fortify Plus (Bisco) surface sealant material, and the other half were polished with Sof-Lex discs only. Two experienced calibrated examiners clinically evaluated the restorations at baseline and at one- and two-year recalls according to the modified US Public Health Service criteria. The filled surface sealant material was reapplied at each evaluation period. After two years, none of the restorations had failed. There were no significant differences between the two dentin adhesives with or without a surface sealant application among the evaluation periods. Each dentin adhesive with and without surface sealant showed significant changes from the clinically ideal (Alfa) to clinically acceptable (Bravo) with regard to marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, and surface texture. Sealed restorations exhibited lower ideal restoration rates with regard to color matching and surface texture and higher ideal restoration rates with respect to marginal adaptation compared with unsealed restorations. In addition, the surface sealant application reduced the marginal discoloration of the HEMA-free one-step self-etch adhesive. The two-year success rates of HEMA-containing and HEMA-free self-etch adhesives with and without surface sealing application were excellent. Although the surface sealant application was not effective with regard to changes in color matching and surface texture, it improved the marginal adaptation of the dentin adhesive and the marginal discoloration of a HEMA-free adhesive.

Shear bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives to dentin: Evaluation of NaOCl pretreatment.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dentin pretreatment with NaOCl on shear bond strength of four one-step self-etch adhesives with different pH values.Material and MethodsBovine permanent incisors were used. Four one-step self-etch adhesives were tested: Adper™ Easy Bond, Futurabond NR, G-aenial Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond. One two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was used as control. Group 1- no pretreatment; group 2- pretratment with 5,25 % NaOCl; group 3- pretreatment with 37 % H3PO4 etching and 5,25 % NaOCl. A hybrid composite resin was inserted into the dentin surface. The specimens were tested in a universal testing machine. The examiners evaluated the fractured surfaces in optical microscope to determine failure modes, quantified with adhesive remnant index (ARI).ResultsDentin pretreatment variably influenced bond strength values of the different adhesive systems. When no dentin pretreatment was applied, no significant differences were found (P >.05) among four adhesives tested. No significant differences were recorded when comparing NaOCl pretreatment with H3PO4 + NaOCl pretreatment for all adhesive tested (P >.05) except Clearfil S3 Bond that showed higher shear bond strength values when H3PO4 was applied. Frequencies of ARI scores were calculated.ConclusionsThe influence of dentin pretreatment with NaOCl depends on the composition of each adhesive system used. There was no difference in bond strength values among self-etch adhesives with different pH values. Key words:Dentin, pretreatment, self-etch adhesives.

Protective Effect of Adhesive Systems associated with Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser on Enamel Erosive/Abrasive Wear.

This study evaluated the efficacy of self-etching adhesive systems associated or not associated with the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser on the protection against enamel erosive/abrasive wear. Bovine enamel specimens were demineralized with 0.3% citric acid (5 minutes). The samples were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 20): SB - Single Bond Universal (3M/ESPE); SB+L - Single Bond Universal + laser (80 mJ/10 Hz); FB - Futurabond U (Voco); FB+L -Futurabond U + laser; GEN - G-aenial bond (GC); GEN+L -G-aenial bond + laser; L - laser irradiation; and C - no treatment. The laser was applied before light curing. The samples were subjected to erosive/abrasive challenges (0.3% citric acid - 2 minutes and tooth brushing four times daily for 5 days). Enamel surface loss was recovered profilometrically by comparison of baseline and final profiles. The adhesive layer thickness, retention percentage of the protective layer, and microhardness of cured adhesive were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (5%). There were significant differences for all parameters (p = 0.0001). Mean values ± SD and results of the Tukey's test were: Surface wear: GEN - 4.88 (±1.09)a, L - 5.04 ± 0.99)a, FB - 5.32 (±0.93)ab, GEN + L - 5.46 (±1.27)abc, SB + L - 5.78 (±1.12)abc, FB + L - 6.23 (±1.25)bc, SB - 6.35 (±1.11)c, and C - 6.46 (±0.61)c; layer thickness: GEN - 15.2 (±8.63)c, FB - 5.06 (±1.96)a, GEN + L - 13.96 (±7.07)bc, SB + L - 4.24 (±2.68)a, FB + L - 9.03 (±13.02)abc, and SB - 7.49 (±2.80)ab; retention: GEN - 68.89 (±20.62)c, FB - 54.53 (±24.80)abc, GEN + L - 59.90 (±19.79)abc, SB + L - 63.37 (±19.30)bc, FB + L - 42.23 (±17.68) a, and SB - 47.78 (±18.29)ab; microhardness: GEN - 9.27 (±1.75)c; FB - 6.99 (±0.89)b; GEN + L - 6.22 (±0.87)ab; SB + L - 15.48 (±2.51)d; FB + L - 10.67 (±1.58)c; SB - 5.00 (±1.60)a. The application of Futurabond U and G-aenial bond on enamel surface, as well as the Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone, was able to reduce the enamel wear. The use of laser after the adhesive systems did not improve their efficacy. Erosive/abrasive wear is a prevalent condition in clinical practice affecting many patients. The association of adhesive systems and Nd:YAG laser is of considerable clinical interest because it assesses new treatments to reduce the erosive/abrasive wear that would help dentists in clinical treatment decisions to reduce enamel wear and achieve a successful treatment.

Adhesion Evaluation of Dentin Sealing, Micropermeability, and Bond Strength of Current HEMA-free Adhesives to Dentin.

To evaluate dentin sealing (DS), micropermeability (MP), and dentin bond strength (BS) of HEMA-free adhesives after 24 h and one year of artificial saliva storage. Two HEMA-free (G-ænial Bond and BeautiBond) and All-Bond 3 (the bottle of resin is HEMA-free) adhesives were tested. Adper Single Bond 2, a HEMA-containing adhesive, served as the control. All adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions and teeth were prepared for DS (n = 5), MP (n = 5), and BS testing (n = 10). DS under a pulpal pressure of 10 psi was performed at 4 time points (when smear layer was present, after EDTA treatment, after adhesive application, and after 1 year). MP was assessed using pulpal pressure of a 20-cm aqueous dye-solution column and confocal laser scanning microscopy. DS, MP, and BS were performed after 24 h or one-year storage. BS and DS data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA, the Tukey-Kramer test (for BS) and Tukey's post-hoc test (for DS) (a = 0.05). A qualitative MP assessment was performed by comparing the accumulation of yellow dye within the resin-dentin interface. Adper Single Bond 2 and All-Bond 3 completely sealed the dentin at 24 h and one year. G-ænial Bond showed statistically significant DS reduction of approximately 15% after one year. BeautiBond showed no DS reduction after one year. The resin-dentin interface created using Adper Single Bond 2 and GA showed dye accumulation primarily after one year. The mean BS of All-Bond 3 was statistically significantly higher than that of other adhesives, while G-ænial Bond and BeautiBond showed statistically significantly lower mean bond strengths than did Adper Single Bond 2 and All-Bond 3. After one-year storage, the mean BS was statistically significantly lower only for G-ænial Bond. DS, MP, and BS were not influenced by the absence of HEMA in the tested adhesives.

The role of surface-sealant application on bond effectiveness of all-in-one self-etch adhesives

Purpose: To examine microleakage around Class-V restorations bonded with 3 current all-in-one adhesive systems in the presence or absence of surface-sealant in different evaluation groups.Materials and Methods: Clearfil S3 Bond, G-Aenial Bond, and Optibond All-in-One (AiO), were used in the Class-V cavities in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (control group) or were additionally combined with Fortify Plus surface-sealant (surface-sealant group). The two main treatment groups of the dentin adhesives were subdivided into four different evaluation groups (24 h, 6 months, 12 months, and 12 months with two applications); the teeth were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye solution for 24 h. Samples were then sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction and evaluated for microleakage under a stereomicroscope. Dye penetration was scored at the enamel (occlusal) and dentin (gingival) margins.Results: Microleakage scores were greater at the dentin margins compared with the enamel margins for Clearfil S3 Bond in all evaluation groups, whereas no difference was observed between enamel and dentin microleakage for Optibond AiO. Using Fortify Plus in the enamel margins decreased the microleakage scores of Clearfil S3 Bond. When the control and surface-sealant groups were compared in the G-Aenial Bond enamel margins, the application of surface-sealant significantly reduced microleakage after 6 and 12 months. For Optibond AiO, no statistically significant differences in enamel and dentin margins were observed between the control and surface-sealant application groups.Conclusion: The application of surface-sealant could be considered appropriate for reducing microleakage in composite resin restorations, but this effect might depend on the dentin adhesive.

Influence of different pre-etching times on fatigue strength of self-etch adhesives to dentin.

The purpose of this study was to use shear bond strength (SBS) and shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing to determine the influence on dentin bonding of phosphoric acid pre-etching times before the application of self-etch adhesives. Two single-step self-etch universal adhesives [Prime & Bond Elect (EL) and Scotchbond Universal (SU)], a conventional single-step self-etch adhesive [G-aenial Bond (GB)], and a two-step self-etch adhesive [OptiBond XTR (OX)] were used. The SBS and SFS values were obtained with phosphoric acid pre-etching times of 3, 10, or 15 s before application of the adhesives, and for a control without pre-etching. For groups with 3 s of pre-etching, SU and EL showed higher SBS values than control groups. No significant difference was observed for GB among the 3 s, 10 s, and control groups, but the 15 s pre-etching group showed significantly lower SBS and SFS values than the control group. No significant difference was found for OX among the pre-etching groups. Reducing phosphoric acid pre-etching time can minimize the adverse effect on dentin bonding durability for the conventional self-etch adhesives. Furthermore, a short phosphoric acid pre-etching time enhances the dentin bonding performance of universal adhesives.

Evaluation of the bond strength of different adhesive agents to a resin-modified calcium silicate material (TheraCal LC).

This study evaluated the bond strength of different adhesive agents to TheraCal LC and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and examined the morphologic changes of these materials with different surface treatments. A total of 120 specimens, 60 of MTA Angelus (AMTA), and 60 of TheraCal LC, were prepared and divided into six subgroups according to the adhesive agent used; these agents included Scotchbond Multipurpose, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil Protect Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond, OptiBond All-in-One, and G-aenial Bond. After application of adhesive agents, Filtek Z250 composite resin was placed onto the specimens. Shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine, followed by examination of the fractured surfaces. The surface changes of the specimens were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Data were compared by two-way analysis of variance. Although no significant differences were found among the bond strengths of different adhesives to AMTA (p = 0.69), a significant difference was found in terms of bond strengths of different adhesives to the TheraCal LC surface (p < 0.001). The total-etch adhesive system more strongly bonded to TheraCal LC compared to the bond with other adhesives. TheraCal LC bonded significantly more strongly than AMTA regardless of the adhesive agents tested. Resin-modified calcium silicate showed higher bond strength than AMTA in terms of the composite bond to these materials with different bonding systems. On the other hand, the highest shear bond-strength values were found for composite bonds with the combination of TheraCal LC and the total-etch adhesive system. SCANNING 38:403-411, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The effect of bonding and surface sealant application on postoperative sensitivity from posterior composites.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the postoperative sensitivity of posterior Class I composite restoration at short-term, restorated with two different all-in-one self-etch adhesives with or without surface sealant application. 44 restorations were inserted in 11 patients who required Class I restorations in their molars. Each patient received 4 restorations, thus four groups were formed; (1) G-Aenial Bond (GC, Japan); (2) Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray, Japan); (3) G-Aenial Bond+Fortify Plus (Bisco, USA), (4) Clearfil S3 Bond+Fortify Plus. Sensitivity was evaluated at 24h, 7, 15, and 30 days using cold air, ice, and pressure stimuli using a visual analog scale. Comparisons of continuous variables between the sensitivity evaluations were performed using the Friedman's One-Way Analysis of Variance with repeated measures test (p<0.05). The type of adhesive used and the application of a surface sealant had no significant effects in postoperative sensitivity (p>0.05). The use of Clearfil S3 Bond resulted in almost the same level of postoperative sensitivity as did the use of G-Aenial Bond. The highest sensitivity scores were observed for the surface sealant applied teeth without any statistical significance (p>0.05). Self etch adhesives displayed postoperative sensitivity. The sensitivity scores slightly decreased at the end of 30 days (p>0.05). Surface sealant application did not result in a decrease in sensitivity scores for either dentin adhesives.

Üç farklı universal adeziv sistemin dentine makaslama bağlanma dayanımlarının karşılaştırılması

Background: The aim of this study is to compare shear bond strengths of three universal adhesives (3M ESPE Single Bond Universal, G-aenial Bond, (GC, Japan), Clearfil Universal Bond, (Kuraray, Japan) to dentin. Methods: 36 freshly extracted noncarious molar were selected for this study. Occlusal flat dentin surfaces were exposed by cuttuing occlusal enamel and by 600, 800, 1000, 1200 grid paper, standard smear layer was obtained. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=12). Group 1: 3M Single Bond Universal, Group 2: G-aenial Bond (GC, Japan) Group 3: Clearfil Universal Bond (Kuraray, Japan). Adhesives were applied to dentine according to the manufacturers' instructions. The resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar, Vivadent, Sweeden) of each adhesive system was applied on the bonded dentin surface using an application apparatus (Ultradent Products Inc.). The materials were light-cured according to the manufacturers' instructions by a LED. After 24 hour storage in distilled water at room temperature, the shear bond test was carried out using a universal testing machine with a cross head speed 0.5mm/min. The data were analyzed with One Way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. Fracture analyzes of all samples were done using a light microscope. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in shear bond strengths between three groups (p>0.05). 3M Single Bond Universal (14,44 ± 3,38 mPa), G-aenial Bond (12,32 ± 3,75 mPa), Clearfil Universal Bond (11,30 ± 2,92 mPa). Clearfil Universal Bond showed the lowest shear bond strength to dentin. Conclusion: The three tested universal adhesive systems showed similar shear bond strength to dentin. These results should be supported by clinical practice.

Microshear Bond Strength of Adhesives to Enamel Remineralized Using Casein Phosphopeptide Agents.

This study was carried out to evaluate the difference between bonding to demineralized enamel and remineralized enamel using casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACFP) or without fluoride (CPP-ACP) compared to normal enamel. Another aim was to test if the newly introduced Single Bond Universal adhesive system would show better bonding to any enamel condition in comparison to the other tested adhesive systems. The lingual enamel surfaces of 40 non carious human third molars were divided into four main groups according to the enamel condition (ground normal enamel [negative control]; demineralized enamel [positive control]; and remineralized enamel with CPP-ACP or with CPP-ACFP, respectively). Within each main group, the lingual enamel surface of each tooth was sectioned into three slabs, resulting in 30 slabs that were distributed into three subgroups according to the adhesive system utilized (Clearfil S(3) Bond Plus, Single Bond Universal, or G-aenial Bond). Two resin composite microcylinder buildups were made on each enamel slab using Filtek Z350 XT. The μSBS was evaluated at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Modes of failure were detected using an environmental scanning electron microscope at 300× magnification. The two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed a significant effect for the enamel condition. However, there was no significant effect for the type of adhesive system. The interaction between the enamel condition and the type of adhesive system was also not significant. Modes of failure were mainly adhesive except for the demineralized enamel. It showed a mixed type of failure, in which cohesive failure in enamel was recorded. All single-step self-etch adhesives revealed comparable μSBS values to ground enamel and enamel remineralized with CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP. Bonding to demineralized enamel was ineffective. With any enamel condition, no tested single-step self-etch adhesive was superior in its bonding.

The protective effect of resveratrol against dentin bonding agents-induced cytotoxicity.

This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four dentin bonding agents and the effects of an antioxidant addition. Group A: G-aenial Bond, Group B: Optibond All in One, Group C: Gluma Self Etch and Group D: Clearfil S(3) Bond were added to the medium using extract method. The cells were cultured with or without resveratrol (RES) addition. MTT, reactive oxygen species (ROS), DCF, Comet and 8-OHdG measurements were performed. The agents had a dose-dependent (1:1>1:10>1:20) cytotoxic effect. Considering 1:10 concentration; Group D at 1 h (p<0.01) and Group B and D at 24 h had the weakest cytotoxic effect (p<0.05). After RES addition, the highest cell viability was determined in Groups B+RES and D+RES at 1 h and in Groups A+RES and B+RES at 24 h (p<0.01). The dentin bonding agents induced ROS production and DNA damage regarding to their composition. However, RES addition decreased the indicated parameters.

Influence of using different bonding systems and composites on the margin integrity and the mechanical properties of selectively excavated teeth in vitro

ObjectivesSelective (incomplete) caries excavation reduces the risk of pulpal complications, but might compromise the properties of teeth or restorations. Different restorative approaches might be required after selective instead of complete excavation. We compared margin integrity, micro-leakage and fracture resistance of selectively excavated and differently restored premolars in vitro. MethodsIn 72 extracted human premolars, artificial residual lesions were induced on pulpo-axial walls of standardized cavities. Teeth were restored using one of three bonding systems (OptiBond FL, Clearfil SE Bond, G-aenial Bond) and a fibre-enforced (EverX) or standard hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250). After thermo-mechanical cycling, groups (n=12) were compared regarding their gingivo-cervical margin integrity (proportion of acceptable margins), microleakage depth, and fracture resistance, with statistical evaluation using generalized linear modelling. ResultsMargin integrity was significantly influenced by the bonding system (p<0.001), but not by the composite (p=0.105). Proportions of acceptable margins were increased in teeth restored with OptiBond FL (median [25th/75th percentiles]: 93 [78/100%]) or Clearfil SE (82 [60/94]%) compared with G-aenial Bond (43 [15/74%]; p<0.05). Neither bonding systems nor composites significantly influenced leakage depth in enamel (p=0.749/0.569) or dentine (p=0.112/0.909). Fracture resistance was significantly influenced by bonding system (p=0.008) and composite (p=0.001), and was higher in teeth restored using OptiBond FL (mean [SD]: 1210 [336]N) compared with Clearfil SE (1007 [208]N) or G-aenial Bond (1023 [281]N, p<0.05), and using EverX (1182 [314]N) instead of Filtek Z250 (979 [228]N; p<0.01). ConclusionsBonding systems which perform well in completely excavated teeth also yielded good results for selectively excavated teeth in vitro. Using fibre-enforced composites to restore selectively teeth increased fracture resistance. Clinical significanceBonding systems which perform well in completely excavated teeth are also suitable for restoring selectively excavated teeth. Using fibre-enforced composites seems suitable for increasing the fracture resistance of selectively excavated teeth and their restorations.

The Use of Glass-fibers Ribbon and Composite for Prosthetic Restoration of Missing Primary Teeth-Laboratory and Clinical Research.

Very few modalities can be used for restoring missing primary anterior teeth, although the impact of missing anterior teeth during early childhood can be harmful. In the permanent dentition the use of glass-fibers ribbon and composite materials are frequently used for restoring missing teeth with no or minimal preparation. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility to use the glass-fibers ribbon (ever-Stick from GC Corporation, Japan) together with esthetic composite materials (G-aenial A1 from GC Corporation, Japan) for restoring anterior primary teeth and to determine the best methodology and bonding system to be used.The effect of etching time was analyzed using 20-80 sec on primary buccal enamel with SEM and the results showed that at least 60 second is necessary in order to remove the prismless layer and to affect the prismatic layer similar (as observed by SEM) to the 20 sec etching time on permanent enamel. Three bonding systems (SE Bond by Kurary, Japan, Scotchbond Universal by 3M/ESPE, Germany and G-aenial bond by GC Company, Japan) were compared for bonding the glass-fibers ribbon to the primary enamel and microtensile strength analyses were performed. Mean tensile strength ranged from 10.9 to 13 MPa with no statistically significant differences between all three systems.Based on the laboratory results it can be concluded that the glass-fibers ribbon together with the composite material can be used clinically to restore missing primary teeth for esthetic and functional reasons. Two clinical cases are presented that show favorable results.