Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Research Articles

Unveiling and modelling the impact of safety drivers on the overall success of construction projects in developing countries

The construction industry faces significant risks, leading to high accident rates and injuries, underscoring the urgent need for effective safety implementation. In developing countries, safety implementation is often inadequate, leading to increased incidents and project failures. This study investigates how implementing safety drivers (SDs) can enhance overall project success (OPS) in construction through a five-step process. Initially, systematic searches and scientometric analyses are conducted to review existing literature and establish a foundational understanding. A questionnaire is then distributed to experts in the Egyptian construction sector. The third step involves exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to categorize relevant variables. Following this, partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) tests the proposed conceptual model and analyzes relationships among the variables. The final step employs Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE) to rank SDs categories. Findings from PLS-SEM indicate that SDs have a medium to high impact on OPS, accounting for 58.8% of the total influence. The FSE results reveal that the planning and implementation group ranks as the most significant at 3.48 on evaluation matrix. This research contributes to the limited literature on safety in developing countries like Egypt by proposing a novel model that links SDs to OPS, offering practical insights for the construction industry.

Project managers’ competencies in the era of digitalization: the case of the construction industry

PurposeWith emerging technologies rapidly changing work processes, it is important to understand the skills and characteristics project managers (PMs) need to effectively manage projects in the digital era. This study determines the underlying competencies needed for digitalization among PMs in the construction industry. The study also identified the most significant competencies needed by PMs in the era of digitalization.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology adopted for the research study was quantitative. It was founded on a thorough review of pertinent literature, which went through a pilot survey study from six project management experts in the construction industry. Based on the comment and feedback, a questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to participants through a convenience sampling technique. The data retrieved were from 100 professional PMs out of 130 questionnaires distributed in the Ghanaian construction industry. Data collected were analyzed using fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE).FindingsBased on FSE, the three competency parameters (knowledge, skills, personal characteristics) generated significant indices indicating that all three competencies are significant among construction PMs in the digitalization era. Under the knowledge competency parameter, six sub-competencies comprising a total of 12 variables were identified. For skills, seven sub-competencies consisting of 23 variables were identified. Regarding personal attributes, six sub-competencies with 17 variables were highlighted. Under knowledge, technical knowledge was found to be the most important with an index of 4.212. For skills, leadership skills were rated highest with an index of 4.240. Regarding personal attributes, social or interpersonal skills were deemed most critical with an index of 4.199.Practical implicationsThe results provide guidance to both industry and academic stakeholders. For PMs and their employers, the study highlights priority areas for competency development and training related to the era of digitalization. It also informs educational institutions on how to structure project management curricula to best prepare students for jobs of the future. This study gives more insight into the competencies that need more attention for PMs in the digitalization era. As a result, firms that adopt the identified competency will benefit from implementing digitalization in project delivery.Originality/valueThis study makes an original contribution as one of the first to empirically investigate the competencies required of construction PMs in the construction industry in the digitalization era. By focusing on the developing country context of Ghana, the study extends knowledge to an under-researched region and market. It provides a foundation for future comparative research across diverse global contexts.

Homebuyer complaints during defect liability period: critical analysis of individual presumptions, defect discovery and post-rectifications factors

Purpose This study aims to investigate factors leading to homebuyer complaints during defect liability periods (DLP). The specific study objectives are to: identify critical factors leading to homebuyer complaints during DLP; compare the factors among regions, house price and developer recognition; group the factors into subcategories; and evaluate the criticality of the categories. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with 20 homebuyers were carried out, generating 37 factors. A survey was developed with the factors categorized into three categories: individual presumptions, defects discovery and post-rectifications. The survey data were collected from 104 homebuyers who had acquired new houses within the last five years. The collected data were subjected to statistical analyses, including normalized mean analysis, Kruskal–Wallis H test, factor analysis and fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Findings The results indicate that individual presumptions, defects discovery and post-rectifications have 8, 14 and 6 critical factors. Then, there are high similarities in the criticality of the factors among regions, house price and developer recognition. The defect discovery factors can be grouped into function- and precision-related factors. Finally, the defect discovery category has the highest overall criticality, followed by post-rectification and individual presumption categories. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to quantitatively investigate factors leading to homebuyers’ complaints during DLP. The study findings offer a new perspective for policymakers in the development of housing regulations.

Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of the critical drivers of UAVs’ deployment for construction in Nigeria

PurposeThe slow adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the construction industry, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria, underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the critical factors influencing their adoption. This study aims to identify these factors using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and address uncertainties in their prioritization through Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE). The utility of this approach lies in its ability to provide construction organizations with actionable insights to enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness through effective UAV adoption.Design/methodology/approachA post-positivist philosophical stance was adopted, wherein quantitative data were gathered from construction professionals in Nigeria via a questionnaire survey. The collected data were analyzed using the Cronbach alpha test as a measure of internal consistency and the FSE test to synthesize critical drivers for the adoption of UAVs.FindingsThe study found that drivers related to technology and organization are the most critical drivers. This implies that variables related to technology and organization warrant a higher level of focus if UAVs are to continue gaining popularity within the construction industry. Additionally, this study identified that logistic management, construction monitoring and site surveying represent the most critical areas of UAV application within the construction industry.Practical implicationsThe emphasis on technology and organizational drivers as critical factors suggests that construction companies should prioritize investments in technology infrastructure and cultivate an organizational culture that embraces innovation. This may involve providing training to construction professionals to enhance their technological skills and fostering a leadership culture that champions technology adoption.Originality/valueThis study introduces novelty by applying the TOE framework, which has received limited attention in UAV adoption studies within construction. Additionally, the use of FSE addresses uncertainties in prioritizing critical drivers, particularly relevant in developing countries facing unique technological challenges. By assigning priority to these factors, this research lays the groundwork for a more informed and strategic approach to UAV adoption.

Enterprise Credit Risk Assessment Based on Hybrid Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Model

This article uses a hybrid fuzzy synthetic evaluation model to evaluate the credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprises, and designs four risk levels: impact degree, occurrence probability, risk manageability and government support level. The model uses average score technology to calculate the scores of secondary indicators, primary indicators and evaluation targets at each level, uses sorting technology to sort secondary indicators and primary indicators at each level, and uses fuzzy synthetic evaluation technology to construct Shouguang enterprise credit risk evaluation. The model uses the geometric mean method to calculate the comprehensive score, and summarizes the comprehensive score results to make decisions. Among them, the data in this article comes from a questionnaire, which was completed by a total of 41 professionals who have a better understanding of the credit risks of Shouguang vegetable companies Through calculation, the comprehensive credit risk score of Shouguang Vegetable Enterprise is 2.8585. The risk is medium risk. Banks can lend based on the operation of specific enterprises. The calculation results also show that the risk assessment results at different levels are not completely consistent. The main first-level risk indicators at the first three levels are "enterprise technological innovation" and "enterprise financial status", and the main first-level risk indicators at the last level are "Enterprise management level" and "enterprise development plan". Indicators related to corporate technological innovation and financial status are the main influencing indicators of the credit risk of Shouguang vegetable companies.

Prioritization of the barriers to integrated modular buildings (IMBs) in developing countries: Nigerian construction professionals’ perspectives

Integrated modular building (IMBs) enhance construction performance, quality, and productivity. However, in developing economies, adoption is impeded by challenges that hinder efficiency and sustainability. The study investigated and prioritized the barriers associated with IMBs through purposive sampling of experienced construction professionals in IMBs. Of the various statistical analyses, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) indicated that perception-related barriers are the most significant barrier to IMBs, among other barriers, namely skill-related, cost-related, technical-related, and regulation-related. The study holds significant implications for construction stakeholders to intensify efforts in addressing the identified barriers and raising awareness to facilitate more IMBs adoption. The study underscores the importance of tailored strategies aligned with these priorities to effectively address these barriers. Furthermore, enhancing awareness and implementing targeted interventions are crucial steps towards promoting IMBs and advancing sustainability in the construction sector. Additionally, the prioritization of the barriers gives a logical order of required actions for construction stakeholders.

A capability assessment model for implementing digital technologies in Nigerian heavy construction firms

PurposeDue to the critical importance of digital transformation in enhancing industrial growth and competitiveness, especially in heavy construction, this study introduces a tailored capability assessment model and self-appraisal tool for firms in this sector. These resources enable them to gauge their readiness for adopting digital technology effectively.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing the Technology—Organization—Environment (TOE) and Natural Resource Dependence Theory (NRDT) frameworks, 22 markers were identified to structure a questionnaire distributed to construction professionals. Descriptive analysis and fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) were used to develop the capability assessment model. A validation survey assessed the validity of both the model and the self-appraisal instrument.FindingsThe study identified the top five significant markers: (1) leadership commitment to digital transformation, (2) workforce readiness for technology integration, (3) potential ROI through efficiency gains, (4) technology maturity for construction applications and (5) complexity of integrating new technologies with existing workflows. Through FSE, the most critical factors were technology-related, organizational and resource optimization markers.Originality/valueBy employing the TOE and NRDT frameworks, the study identifies the most critical factors influencing digital adoption in heavy construction. Also, the user-friendly self-appraisal instrument developed in this study can be considered a valuable contribution, as it provides heavy construction firms with a practical tool for ongoing monitoring and improvement of their digital transformation efforts.

Developing a climate for innovation index for architectural design firms

PurposeIn recent years, climate for innovation has attracted wide attention from industry and academia. It is perceived as a critical component of innovation performance in the built environment sector, especially in architectural design firms (ADFs). This study attempts to assess the degree of climate for innovation in the Vietnamese ADFs under the organizational climate theory.Design/methodology/approachA list of 13 innovation climate variables was found by reviewing previous studies and discussions with industry practitioners. These variables were then categorized into three principal factors (personal commitment, tolerance of difference, and support for creativity), forming the inputs of the fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) analysis.FindingsThe results showed that the overall level of innovation in the climate is moderate, implying that it is still necessary for more improvements to the Vietnamese ADFs. The fuzzy analysis revealed that support for creativity was the most critical factor, followed by tolerance of difference and personal commitment.Originality/valueThe proposed climate for innovation model is practical and reliable for architectural professionals and can be applied to assess other research areas. Few studies have emphasized the innovation climate in the construction sector, so this research may broaden the knowledge and literature on the industry, especially for the ADFs.

Assessment of river recreation safety using hydrodynamic model and fuzzy logic: A spatial river recreational index approach

As demands for river recreational activities increases, assessing their safety has become essential to prevent accidents. The hydraulic conditions of the river critically influence the safety of in-water activities, such as sailing, paddling, and boating. Localized hazardous areas can emerge due to the spatial variability of hydraulic phenomena. This potential risk necessitates providing information about safe zones. Therefore, this study proposes a spatial river recreational index (SRRI) to assess the safety of river recreational activities over river spaces based on hydraulic factors. We reproduce the spatial distribution of the hydraulic parameters under various discharge conditions using a 3D hydrodynamic model and then estimate the SRRI by integrating all membership degrees and weights of these parameters using fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE). The application of the SRRI in the confluence of the Nakdong-Guemho River, South Korea, reveals that each hydraulic parameter contributes differently to safety levels, depending on discharge and morphological conditions. Specifically, the flow direction substantially decreases safety near the river confluence, whereas the water depth plays an important role in the meandering reach of the Nakdong River. Under high-flow conditions, velocity becomes a critical factor, especially for nonpowered activities (sailing and paddling/wading). The SRRI indicates that sailing is unsafe in the main flow zone and near the river confluence due to high sensitivity to discharge changes. In contrast, paddling/wading and leisure boating are less sensitive to discharge changes, allowing these activities to be partly allowable even under high-flow conditions, except in the deep-water zones of meandering reach. These results suggest that the SRRI can assist water recreational activity users in safely engaging in river recreational activities by providing spatial safety information based on various hydraulic conditions.

Key competencies for identifying construction activities that produce recyclable materials: an exploratory study

PurposeConstruction activities generate overwhelming waste that is typically disposed of in landfills, which has significant environmental consequences and hinders national progress. However, with the appropriate competencies, there is an opportunity to identify construction activities that produce recyclable materials, offering a path to a sustainable future. This study aims to assess the competencies for identifying construction activities that produce recyclable materials. To attain that aim, the study seeks to identify the key competencies and assess the index level of the competencies.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was conducted, and 20 competencies were identified and categorized into knowledge, skills, and abilities. A questionnaire survey was developed based on the competencies and completed by 101 individuals. The collected data were analyzed using normalized mean analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE).FindingsThe results revealed that the key competencies are problem-solving skills, communication skills, skills in providing vocational training, and knowledge of the environmental impacts of construction activities. The FSE ranks the constructs in order of skills, knowledge, and abilities. Also, the FSE illustrated that the overall index level is inclined to be important.Practical implicationsThis study leads to saving natural resources, using raw materials efficiently, protecting from environmental pollution, and mitigating resource depletion by providing the index level of the competencies.Originality/valueThe findings can guide professionals in effective waste management, policymakers in creating new policies and regulations, and researchers in compiling a list of competencies for identifying construction activities that produce recyclable materials.

Key barriers and mitigation strategies towards sustainable prefabricated construction – a case of developing economies

PurposeThe present study aims to identify significant barriers to adopting prefabricated construction (PFC) in developing economies using a study in Sri Lanka and develop an integrated strategy framework to mitigate and overcome the obstacles.Design/methodology/approachThe research process included a comprehensive literature review, a pilot study, a questionnaire survey for data collection, statistical analysis and a qualitative content analysis.FindingsRanking method revealed that all 23 barriers were significant. Top significant barriers include challenges in prefabricated component transportation, high capital investment costs and lack of awareness of the benefits of PFC among owners/developers. Factor analysis clustered six barrier categories (BCs) that fit the barrier factors, explaining 71.22% of the cumulative variance. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation revealed that all BCs significantly influence PFC adoption in Sri Lanka. Finally, the proposed mitigation strategies were mapped with barriers to complete the integrated framework.Practical implicationsThe study outcomes are relevant to construction industry stakeholders of Sri Lanka, who are keen to enhance construction efficiencies. The implications can also benefit construction industry stakeholders and policymakers to formulate policies and regulations and identify mitigation solutions.Originality/valueThe study provides deeper insights into the challenges to adopting prefabrication in South Asian countries such as Sri Lanka. Furthermore, the integrated framework is a novel contribution that can be used to derive actions to mitigate barriers in developing economies.

Temperature Co-Optimization of Zinc Roasting Process Based on Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation and Temperature Adjustable Margin

Temperature Co-Optimization of Zinc Roasting Process Based on Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation and Temperature Adjustable Margin

A Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Approach to Assess Usefulness of Tourism Reviews by Considering Bias Identified in Sentiments and Articulacy

A Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Approach to Assess Usefulness of Tourism Reviews by Considering Bias Identified in Sentiments and Articulacy

Data Driven and Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Based Submarine Cable Health State Assessment

—Health state assessment is of great importance to ensure the safe and stable operation of submarine cables. Submarine cables have composite structural characteristics and work in complex and influential environments, which hinders manual inspection, arouses difficulties in maintenance, and causes challenges on health state assessment. To this end, a data driven and fuzzy synthetic evaluation based submarine cable health state assessment method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, following the technical guidelines of submarine cable health state assessment, dynamic submarine cable online monitoring data and static data including periodic preventive test and operation inspection results are integrated to build a three-layer index system. In addition, long and short-term memory (LSTM) neural network based ultra-short-term prediction models are built to obtain the predictions of online monitoring indices. On this basis, together with the static data, a fuzzy synthetic evaluation method is used to establish a two-stage state evaluation process to obtain the multi-period health states of submarine cables. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with an actual submarine cable from an offshore platform in an oilfield of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC).

Developing a multidimensional risk assessment model for sustainable construction projects

PurposeSustainable construction re-engineers the conventional project lifecycle to integrate sustainability solutions. The additional sustainability requirements introduce new layers of complexity, challenges and risks that if unaddressed, can derail the gains in sustainable construction projects. This study developed a multidimensional risk assessment model for sustainable construction projects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Design/methodology/approachThe research activities a comprised comprehensive literature review to shortlist relevant risks, an analysis of the probability – impact rating of the shortlisted risks – and the development of a risk assessment model for SC projects in the UAE. The model is developed based on the multicriteria framework and mathematical formulation of the fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach.FindingsThe developed model quantified the overall risk level in sustainable construction projects to be 3.71 on a 5-point Likert scale, indicating that investment in SC projects in the UAE is risky and should be carefully managed. The developed model further revealed that each of the risk groups, comprising management (3.82), technical (3.78), stakeholder (3.68), regulatory (3.66), material (3.53) and economic risks (3.502), presents a significant threat to realizing outcomes typical of SC projects.Originality/valueThis study developed a multidimensional risk assessment model capable of objectively quantifying the overall risk level and provides decision support to project teams to improve risk management in sustainable construction projects.

A fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach to assess the risks associated with municipal waste management: Implications for sustainability

The rapid growth of industry, urban areas, and populations has substantially increased waste production worldwide. The inadequacy of robust waste management systems and limited resources poses significant challenges for many emerging economies, including Bangladesh, resulting in environmental contamination. Despite numerous academic studies on sustainable waste management, there is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning identifying, evaluating, and modeling critical risks associated with adopting sustainable municipal waste management systems, particularly in emerging economies like Bangladesh. This study, therefore, aims to fill this gap by identifying, categorizing, and assessing the crucial risks in implementing sustainable municipal waste management systems. Through an extensive review of existing literature and validation with expert feedback, this study employs a fuzzy synthetic evaluation method-based framework to prioritize the identified risks. The study calculates the probability of occurrence and degree of impact values to provide decision-makers with insights into the severity of different risk categories, aiding in case-by-case attention. Scores assigned on a 1 to 5 scale range from 2.59 to 4.14 for the various risk categories. Notably, “Industrial challenges related” and “Community and infrastructure requirements related” emerge as the most significant risk categories among those analyzed. This study contributes to the existing literature by employing fuzzy synthetic evaluation, a methodology rarely used to determine critical risks in municipal waste management. Furthermore, it is poised to offer valuable insights to industrialists and waste management authorities, empowering them to develop responsive strategies and contribute to the sustainable development of cities and urban communities.

Sustainable development performance in the semiconductor industry: A data-driven practical guide to strategic roadmapping

Sustainable development performance (SDP) in the semiconductor industry, it is necessary to form a data-driven practical guide to strategic roadmapping by using a sustainable balanced scorecard (SBSC) because SDP perspectives have been addressed for several years and need to be further assessed through performance achievement. Additionally, the industry faces challenges in integrating technological innovation and stakeholder collaboration into the sustainable development (SD) perspectives. In light of these challenges, this study strives to develop an SBSC-based practical guide to strategic roadmapping utilizing the SD causal model under uncertainty. To attain this objective, this study employed a hybrid approach comprising content, bibliographic and cluster analyses, the entropy weight method (EWM), and the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) are used to validate the data-driven SBSC measures. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation–decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FSE-DEMATEL) is used to develop the strategic roadmapping with interrelationships. The findings reveal that scientific and technological development, enhanced device performance, artificial intelligence, performance assessment and the Internet of Things are the main criteria that must be prioritized by decision makers for semiconductor SDP improvement. This study contributes to understanding the data-driven practical guide to strategic roadmapping for the semiconductor industry by using SDP data. Furthermore, by constructing a hierarchical framework and identifying prioritized key attributes that enhance SDP, this study makes a valuable contribution to the SD literature.

Strategic drivers for the deployment of energy economics principles in the developing construction industry: A Nigerian perspective

AbstractIn developing countries, there is a scarcity of research focusing on the factors that drive the adoption and utilization of energy economics principles (EEPs). EEPs encompass a diverse set of strategies and practices designed to encourage energy efficiency, promote the adoption of renewable energy sources, and foster sustainable energy practices among construction stakeholders. Despite their potential benefits, such as reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, there remains a knowledge gap regarding the specific drivers influencing the implementation of EEPs in developing countries. Therefore, this study addresses this knowledge gap by examining the primary drivers for utilizing EEPs in the Nigerian construction industry. To achieve this objective, a quantitative research approach was adopted. Close‐ended questionnaires were developed and distributed to professionals in the construction industry, encompassing architects, builders, engineers, and quantity surveyors. The normality of the data was confirmed through univariate skewness and kurtosis analysis. Based on the relative importance index (RII) and mean scores, the highest‐ranked driver was government policies and regulations, followed by economic growth and job creation. Environmental sustainability ranked third, while energy cost savings and return on investment occupied the fourth and fifth positions respectively. Through exploratory factor analysis and fuzzy synthetic evaluation, six key criteria that drive the adoption of EEPs were identified: financial‐related drivers, environmental‐related drivers, social‐related drivers, government‐related drivers, technological‐related drivers, and behavioral‐related drivers. By identifying these six distinct clusters of drivers, this study enhances the understanding of the drivers for implementing EEPs, ultimately facilitating the transition to more energy‐efficient and sustainable practices in the construction sector and beyond.

Development of workplace well-being indexes at construction sites

Purpose This study aims to develop workplace well-being indexes for construction sites of different project types (infrastructure, high-rise and low-rise). Accordingly, the study objectives are to identify the critical factors that affect workplace well-being at construction sites, compare the critical factors between different project types, categorize the critical factors into subgroups and compute indexes for the critical factors and subgroups. Design/methodology/approach Data from a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with construction industry professionals were used to extract 19 potential factors that affect workplace well-being. Then, a structured questionnaire survey was distributed, and 169 valid responses were collected. Finally, the data were analyzed using normalized mean analysis, agreement analysis, factor analysis and fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Findings The study findings revealed that there are 11, 11, 8 and 12 critical factors across overall infrastructure, high-rise and low-rise construction projects. Out of those, six critical factors are overlapping across project types, including “general safety and health monitoring,” “salary package,” “timeline of salary payment,” “working hours,” “communication between workers” and “planning of the project.” Accordingly, the critical factors can be categorized into two subgroups within each project type. Finally, the development of indexes shows that infrastructure construction projects have the greatest index compared to other project types. Originality/value This study contributes to filling the current knowledge gap by developing workplace well-being indexes at construction sites across different project types. The indexes would assist decision-makers in understanding the current state of workplace well-being. This increases the commitment and recognition of well-being across different construction project types.

Assessing Environmental Management Plan Implementation in Water Supply Construction Projects: Key Performance Indicators

Assessing the implementation of environmental management plans (EMPs) in construction projects is crucial for meeting environmental sustainability goals and reducing potential adverse impacts. By using performance indicators (PIs), stakeholders can objectively measure the performance of EMP implementation, identifying areas of success and areas that may require improvement. Therefore, this study aims to examine the PIs for assessing EMP implementation in water supply construction projects, using Saudi Arabia as a case study. Data from semi-structured interviews and a systematic literature review were used to develop a potential list of PIs. Then, the PIs were used to create a survey and distributed to industry professionals. Data from 112 respondents were analyzed using mean ranking analysis, the normalization method, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE). Eighteen critical PIs for assessing EMP implementation in water supply construction projects were identified, including public safety, road safety hazards, construction waste, clogged drainage, irregular flooding, the spilling of chemical substances, slope failures, soil erosion, landslide occurrence, increased schedule waste, changes in the color of bodies of water, oil/fuel spills, restricted site accessibility, the smell of run-off water, traffic accidents on construction sites, the spread of disease, changes in the color of run-off water, and overflowing silt traps. The EFA revealed that PIs can be grouped into three underlying constructs: fluid-related indicators, health and safety-related indicators, and site environment-related indicators. The FSE results confirmed that all PIs are between moderately critical to critical. This study’s significance lies in its examination of PIs that aim to improve the environmental performance of water supply construction projects. Understanding which indicators are most effective allows for targeted improvements, helping to minimize negative environmental impacts and ensuring sustainable practices. Finally, this study is a pioneer in examining the critical PIs for assessing EMP implementation in water supply construction projects.