Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Algorithm Research Articles

Effect of inter-basin water transfer on water quality in an urban lake: A combined water quality index algorithm and biophysical modelling approach

To improve water quality and alleviate eutrophication in a polluted urban lake, water diversion, a common method of basin management, is planned. In this study, we used the physiology-based water quality model, the General Ecosystem Module (GEM) in FVCOM, to investigate the potential influence of transferred water on the water quality index (WQI) and comprehensive eutrophication state index (TLI) of the lake. A fuzzy synthetic evaluation algorithm was applied to quantify the value of the WQI objectively. Our results indicate that total nitrogen and total phosphorus (TN and TP) are the most dominant pollutants influencing water quality, accounting for 63.6% of the weighting. In addition, overflow of municipal sewage after rainfall contributed to the decrease of the WQI (class IV in spring and class V in summer). This slow-flow shallow water body was categorised as a light eutrophic lake according to the TLI calculation. As an important factor that influences pollutant retention and water exchange, residence time (τe) was also considered. A multi-objective optimisation method was used as an effective method to guide practical management, considering the hydrodynamic conditions (τe), water quality (WQI) and economic cost (M). First, the WQI, τe and economic cost of different parts of the lake were investigated under different inflow discharge scenarios using our combined approach. Then, the Wolves Colony Search Algorithm was used to minimise the dimensionless objective function, which is comprised of the three factors above. The calculated environmental water demand of Lake Gantang (GTL) and Lake Nanmen (NML) was 0.0456 and 0.0417 million m3 d−1, respectively. Under optimal water diversion conditions, this lake changes to a mesotrophic lake of class III with good water body exchange capacity. Overall, our combined model can be a guide for the local government and decision-makers and used to evaluate the optimal amount of transferred water at a minimum cost for inter-basin management.

Mathematical approach to application of industrial wastes in clay brick production—Part II: Optimization

The effects of organic and inorganic waste sludges, coal dust, fly and landfill ashes, soybean crust, sawdust, sunflower flakes and their ash addition to representative heavy clay were investigated. Changes introduced to shaping moist (SM), shrinkage (ΔSk) and weight loss (ΔGk) in Bigot’s curve critical point, and plasticity coefficient (PC) by Pfefferkorn were studied. The highest sensitivity to drying showed samples with coal dust addition, while the greatest plasticity and shaping moist was detected in samples with 50wt% of fly and landfill ashes.The influence of waste material used, its’ content and also firing temperature were independent parameters that influenced compressive strength, water absorption, firing shrinkage, weight loss during firing and volume mass as dependent parameters. Second order polynomial mathematical models predicted fired products characteristics, and were later used to determine the optimum conditions by Response Surface Method (RSM), coupled with Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation algorithm (FSE), using trapezoidal function. The choice of the parameters optimal interval that characterized fired products (water absorption, compressive strength, weight loss during firing, firing shrinkage and volume mass), depended on a final usage of the raw material in heavy clay brick industry. The optimization results showed that sunflower hulls, wood sawdust, soybean husks and saturation sludge are best to be used in solid bricks production. Coal dust, landfill ashes and neutralization (inorganic) sludges are best to be used in hollow bricks production. Sunflower hulls ash can be added in higher quantity to heavy clay to produce blocks or in lower quantity in roof tiles. Fly ashes addition of 50wt% allows roof tiles production. The optimal temperature for solid bricks and hollow blocks production is found to be 900–950°C.

The optimisation of traditional fermentation process of white cabbage (in relation to biogenic amines and polyamines content and microbiological profile)

White cabbage heads cultivar “Futoški” and hybrid “Bravo” were investigated during fermentation process, for 50days, at different temperature regimes (16–18; 18–20; 20–22°C) and salt concentrations 1, 1.5 and 2%. The quantity of biogenic amines (tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, serotonine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine), as well as microbiological profile (lactic acid bacteria, total number of microorganisms, yeasts and moulds and Enterobacteriaceae) have been determined during fermentation. The optimum processing conditions were determined by Response Surface Method, coupled with Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation algorithm. The optimal process parameters, regarding low biogenic amines and polyamines content, for “Futoški” cabbage was: salt concentration of 2%, at 18°C, and for hybrid “Bravo”: salt concentration of 1%, at 20°C.

Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration of Apples in Sugar Beet Molasses

This paper describes the effects of different concentrations of sugar beet molasses (40–80%) and immersion times (1–5 h) on osmotic dehydration/impregnation of apple cubes. Osmotic dehydration process was conducted at constant temperature of 55C and under atmospheric pressure. Analysis of variance was used in order to find significant effects of solution concentration and immersion time on water loss, solid gain, carbohydrates and minerals content, as well as change in colors and textural characteristics. It was found that the influence of both process variables were statistically significant at P < 0.05 level, on almost all of examined responses, with the exception of minerals content (Ca and K content were found insignificant, while Na was found significant at P < 0.10 level). The optimum processing conditions were determined by response surface method, coupled with fuzzy synthetic evaluation algorithm, using membership trapezoidal function, with defined optimal interval values, depending on a final usage of dehydrated fruit. Practical Applications Osmotic dehydration (OD) of foods presents some advantages compared with common drying techniques, such as minimizing heat damage to the color and flavor, inhibiting enzymatic browning and reducing energy costs. The use of OD, as a complementary treatment in food processing, particularly prior to drying and freezing operations, reduces energy requirements of these processes. The technique aims to dehydrate food products by immersing them in hypertonic solution. The effects of different concentrations of sugar beet molasses (40–80%) and immersion times (1–5 h) on kinetics of mass transfer during OD/impregnation of apple cubes were studied. Sugar beet molasses as hypertonic solution is presented in this article because of high dry matter content and the enrichment of the food material in minerals and vitamins, which penetrate from molasses to the plant tissue. This investigation is also focused on finding the appropriate mathematical model for water loss, solid gain, sugars and minerals content, as well as change in colors and textural characteristics, during OD of apples in sugar beet molasses. The optimum processing conditions were determined by response surface method, coupled with fuzzy synthetic evaluation algorithm, using membership trapezoidal function, with defined optimal interval values, depending on a final usage of dehydrated fruit.

Research on Health Assessment of Hydraulic Pumping Source System for Civil Aircraft

Aiming at the high fault rate and the problem of high fault harmfulness of civil aircraft hydraulic pumping source system, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation algorithm is researched. Aiming at the complex system, more influenced factors, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is presented to establish the weight set. Aiming at the real-time need of health assessment, the expert system is used to build membership function. Finally the method is validated by a set of data of that system.

Response surface method as a tool for heavy clay firing process optimization: Roofing tiles

Heavy clay samples collected in close vicinity of Toplicka Mala Plana, Serbia, were surveyed to examine their possible use in heavy clay industry. The representative raw material, which contained the lowest content of clay minerals and the highest content of carbonates, was enriched with two more plastic clays. Chemical and mineralogical composition, as well as particle size distribution, were determined to distinct the samples. The samples in the form of tiles, hollow blocks and cubes were prepared following the usual practice in ceramic laboratories. The effect of process parameters, such as temperature (850-950 ?C) and concentration of the added clays (both in the range of 0-10 wt.%), were investigated in terms of compressive strength, water ab?sorption, firing shrinkage, weight loss during firing and volume mass of cubes. The optimal conditions were determined by the response surface method, coupled with the fuzzy synthetic evaluation algorithm, using mem?bership trapezoidal function, and showed that these materials can be used for roofing tiles production.

Research on Health Assessment of Hydraulic Pumping Source System for Civil Aircraft

Aiming at the high fault rate and the problem of high fault harmfulness of civil aircraft hydraulic pumping source system, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation algorithm is researched. Aiming at the complex system, more influenced factors, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is presented to establish the weight set. Aiming at the real-time need of health assessment, the expert system is used to build membership function. Finally the method is validated by a set of data of that system.

Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation for Civil Aircrafts

Health assessment is one of the key technologies for civil aircraft health management system. In order to access the health status of components, subsystems and systems of civil aircrafts, this paper explicitly defines the health status, and presents the fuzzy synthetic evaluation algorithm. Then the model of the evaluated object is established to get the health status of quantitative level. Finally, the method is used for health assessment of aircraft hydraulic pump .The results of simulation show the practicability of this method.