Future Steam Research Articles

External Collaboration and Human Resource Development toward Realization of Mitsubishi Marine Future Steam

External Collaboration and Human Resource Development toward Realization of Mitsubishi Marine Future Steam

Survey of Current Status of STEAM Education and Perception on Future STEAM Education

Survey of Current Status of STEAM Education and Perception on Future STEAM Education

Effect of NaCl presence caused by salting out on the heterogeneous-homogeneous coupling non-equilibrium condensation flow in a steam turbine cascade

Steam turbine is one of the most important components in fossil-fired and nuclear power plants, its efficiency is of great importance for saving energy and decreasing consumption. The steam density rapidly decreases when the steam expanses, and NaCl dissolved in steam starts precipitating. However, the presence of NaCl will not only affect the non-equilibrium condensation decreasing the steam turbine efficiency, but also erode the steam turbine blade reducing the steam turbine safety and shortening maintenance cycle. The main objective of the current work is to investigate the effect of the NaCl presence on the non-equilibrium condensation process and the loss in steam turbine cascade. Firstly, a non-equilibrium condensation model including homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation process is presented and its accuracy is checked in a steam turbine cascade by comparing with available experimental data. And the results show the accuracy and robustness of the model is quite trustworthy. Secondly, the influence of NaCl concentration on the non-equilibrium condensation flow is investigated in a steam turbine cascade. The results show that the NaCl presence has a significant effect on condensation flow. With the NaCl concentration increasing, the droplets nucleation rate decreases, diminishing the tiny droplet emerging, which weakens homogeneous condensation. As a result, the condensation loss caused by the homogeneous condensation decreases, and even the condensation loss caused by the homogeneous condensation becomes zero when the NaCl particle number reaches 7.5×1014 per kilogram in steam flow. However, the condensation loss caused by the heterogeneous condensation shows a reverse tendence, which increases with the NaCl concentration. At last, the condensation loss and entropy generation caused by the non-equilibrium condensation are checked in steam turbine cascade under different NaCl concentration conditions. The results show that the condensation loss reduces by 9.2% and increases by 42% at the 7.5×10141/kg and 10171/kg NaCl concentrations, respectively. Meanwhile, when the NaCl particle number reaches 7.5×1014 per kilogram, the isentropic efficiency is highest, about 0.884, compared with other cases considering condensation effect. This study proves that the NaCl concentration has a nonnegligible effect on the condensation loss and entropy generation, which must be considered in future steam turbine study.

Training of future STEAM teachers: Comparison between primary degree students and secondary master's degree students

In recent years, the presence of the acronym STEAM has been growing in the educational field. All around the world we are faced with a growing demand for professional STEM skills, however, who has the responsibility to train future STEAM teachers? In this article, we explain the results of an investigation with university students pursuing a degree in primary education and Master’s degree students in secondary education, with technology speciality, participating in a seminar about STEAM projects design in two consecutive academic calendar years (18/19 and 19/20). We analyse the responses to a questionnaire which was specifically designed to discover their knowledge about STEAM and the predisposition towards its extended study with a set of semi-structured interviews to delve into the causes of the responses. Previous knowledge about the meaning of STEM and the predisposition of pre-service teachers towards the future design of projects based on the STEAM disciplines are compared. The results show significant differences between the previous knowledge and the perceptions of the teachers from both specializations: primary and secondary level. The results also confirm the low levels of prior knowledge with a slight tendency towards improvement when two consecutive courses are compared. The findings emphasize the need to integrate STEAM teacher training into official curricula.

RETRACTED: Psychological and pedagogical foundations of practice-oriented learning of future STEAM teachers

• The study studies the development of the psychological skills of teachers. • The psychological skills of the experiment participants were tested. • There were positive changes in the results of assessing psychological skills. In the modern educational environment, it has become popular to use practice-oriented learning technologies in the preparation of future teachers. Scientists and educators are increasingly resorting to the practice of STEAM education (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics), which is based on interdisciplinarity and the integration of five scientific fields into a single learning system for solving specific problems taken from real life. This study is aimed at studying the development of psychological and pedagogical skills of future teachers in the framework of practice-oriented learning. The research sample included 46 students of S. Yessenov Caspian University of Technologies and Engineering (Kazakhstan) aged 21 to 23 years. The participants were divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, students additionally studied according to the course “STEAM education” developed by the authors. Formation of psychological and pedagogical skills of the experiment participants was assessed using pre- and post-tests. Experimental group students showed higher results in comparison with the control group. The difference between the mean values (M=3.4) of the general indicator of the experimental and control groups is statistically significant (p<0.05). Comparison of the indicators of the final and preparatory study stages showed that there were positive changes in the results of assessing psychological and pedagogical skills in the experimental group, the efficiency coefficient (Ce)>1. The results of this study can be useful for teachers, administrators of higher educational institutions, etc.

A hot steam leak during baking of ASDEX Upgrade – Consequences and lessons learned

ASDEX Upgrade is a midsize tokamak operated since 1991. A scheduled maintenance and enhancement shut down is done about once a year. After pump down and leak search a baking procedure is started to condition the vacuum vessel for plasma operation. During operation the vacuum vessel and all in-vessel components are water cooled. This cooling system is also used for baking with hot water at 150 °C. During one of these regular baking periods a hot steam leak appears in November 2017. The detection of the leak has triggered a controlled cool down scenario. Nevertheless, between the appearance of the leak and the identification and closing about 100 L water escaped during the controlled cool down from 150 °C to 65 °C into the torus. A fraction of the hot water was distributed as steam all over the torus and condensed at the coldest parts of the vessel, preferentially in remote ports. In addition, the steam interacts with boron containing layers. The resulting acid steam caused additional erosion.The paper presents details of damages, actions taken to remove them as well as measures taken to avoid a future steam leak.

Lab rock core studies of the Ufimian horizon as a prior step to displacement experiments with steam

The author in this paper determined the coefficient of porosity from well log data and carried on a study of core samples using X-ray microtomography and traditional methods. A method was elaborated and later tested for measurement of porosity of samples taken from the production interval of shallow super viscous oil deposits of the Tatarstan’s Republic. Also determination of mineralogical composition and characteristics of the reservoir rock for application to future steam flooding experiments. On the basis of the data obtained, was concluded which of the methods gives the most reliable information on this of the reservoir rock under study.

미래직업 연계형 STEAM 프로그램을 적용한 과학 수업이 고등학교 특성화반 학생들의 진로 인식, 과학 흥미도 및 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향

미래직업 연계형 STEAM 프로그램을 적용한 과학 수업이 고등학교 특성화반 학생들의 진로 인식, 과학 흥미도 및 과학에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향

Development and Application Effects of future occupation-linked STEAM programs - Focusing on Maker, Alternative Energy, Self Driving Car, Appropriate Technolgy -

Development and Application Effects of future occupation-linked STEAM programs - Focusing on Maker, Alternative Energy, Self Driving Car, Appropriate Technolgy -

‘뼈와 근육’을 주제로 한 STEAM 프로그램이 초등학생들의 기초 탐구 능력 및 과학적 태도에 미치는 효과

Elementary students have a lot of misconcepts due to characteristics of invisible for ‘Structure and function of the our body’ unit of the 5th grade science. In this study, we developed a STEAM program based on the theme of ‘bone and muscles’ and applied to the 5th grade students in J city to see the influences of the program. The STEAM program of the 7 classes was applied to the experimental group, whereas the theoretical classes according to the 2009 revised curriculum were applied to the control group. Scientific attitudes and basic inquiry ability of the experimental group showed significant differences in the cooperativity domain and expectation skill, respectively, compared to the control group’s test scores. However, there was no significant difference in the creative problem solving abilities between the two groups. Students who attended the study showed higher levels of satisfaction with the STEAM classes. So far, many STEAM programs have been developed and the effects have varied. There were some differences in the views pursued by each developer. We think it will be able to get tips about future STEAM developments and directions.

Valuation and Hedging of Sports Futures Wagers

This study investigates, in a conceptual way, the intrinsic valuation of sports futures wagers and, given the absence of a viable secondary market, strategies for locking in pre-expiration value by hedging with the existing set of futures wagers, proposition wagers, and game wagers. An interesting finding is that effective hedging with game wagers generally involves games of teams other than the futures team, in addition to the futures-team’s games. The paper also shows how to use current game odds and futures odds to find the implicit projected odds on future games, conditional on the match-ups to be determined by the outcomes of current games.

The Effects of ‘Silver Care Expert’ Future Career-related STEAM Program for the Elementary Students' Future Time Perspective, Career Awareness and Scientific Attitudes

이 연구의 목적은 `실버케어 전문가` STEAM프로그램을 개발하고 초등학교에 적용하여 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 이 연구를 위해 경기도 소재 초등학생 110명이 참여하였다. 54명은 실험 집단으로, 56명은 비교집단으로 배치하였으며 프로그램 적용 전후에 미래지향 시간관, 진로인식, 과학적 태도 검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, `실버케 전문가` STEAM 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단 학생의 미래지향 시간관 전체 점수와 2개 하위영역 모두에서 비교집단에 비해 유의미하게 향상되었다(p<.05). 둘째, `실버케어 전문가` STEAM 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단 학생의 진로인식 전체 점수와 4개 하위영역 점수가 비교 집단에 비해 유의미하게 향상되었다(p<.05). 셋째, `실버케어 전문가` STEAM 프로그램을 적용한 실험집단 학생의 과학적 태도 전체 점수와 7개 하위영역 점수가 비교집단에 비해 유의미하게 향상되었다(p<.05). 넷째, `실버케어 전문가` STEAM 프로그램에 대한 실험집단 학생의 만족도를 조사한 결과 `나는 과학기술 분야와 관련된 직업에 대한 관심이 생겼다`라는 항목에서 가장 높은 긍정적 인식을 보여주었다. 결론적으로 본연구에서 개발 적용한 STEAM 프로그램이 초등학생의 미래지향 시간관, 진로인식, 과학적 태도를 향상시키는 데 효과적임을 시사한다.

Valuation, Hedging, and Sports Futures Wagers

This study investigates, in a conceptual way, the intrinsic valuation of sports futures wagers and, given the absence of a viable secondary market, strategies for locking in pre-expiration value by hedging with the existing set of futures wagers, proposition wagers, and game wagers. An interesting finding is that effective hedging with game wagers generally involves games of teams other than the futures team, in addition to the futures-team’s games. The paper also shows how to use current game odds and futures odds to find the implicit projected odds on future games, conditional on the match-ups to be determined by the outcomes of current games.

Modelling 3D Steam Turbine Flow Using Thermodynamic Properties of Steam Iapws-95

Abstract An approach to approximate equations of state for water and steam (IAPWS-95) for the calculation of three-dimensional flows of steam in turbomachinery in a range of operation of the present and future steam turbines is described. Test calculations of three-dimensional viscous flow in an LP steam turbine using various equations of state (perfect gas, Van der Waals equation, equation of state for water and steam IAPWS-95) are made. The comparison of numerical results with experimental data is also presented.

Integrated Weld Quality Concept—A Holistic Design Approach for Steam Turbine Rotor Weld Joints

The today's energy market requires highly efficient power plants under flexible operating conditions. Especially, the fluctuating availability of renewables demands higher cycling of fossil fired power plants. The need for highly efficient steam turbines is driven by CO2 reduction programs and depletion of fossil resources. Increased efficiency requires higher steam temperatures up to 630 °C in today's units or even more for future steam power plants. The gap between material properties in the hot and cold running parts of a steam turbine rotor is widened by increased live steam temperatures and the increased demand for flexibility. These technical challenges are accompanied by economic aspects, i.e., the market requirements have to be met at reasonable costs. The welding of steam turbine rotors is one measure to balance required material properties and economical solutions. The rotor is a core component of the steam turbine and its long-term integrity is a key factor for reliable and safe operation of the power plant. An important aspect of weld quality is the determination of permissible size of weld imperfections assessed by fracture mechanics methods. The integrity of rotor weld joints is assured by ultrasonic inspection after the final post weld heat treatment with respect to fracture mechanics allowable flaw sizes. This procedure usually does not take credit from the quality measures applied during monitoring of the welding process. This paper provides an overview of a holistic design approach for steam turbine rotor weld joints comprising the welding process and its improved online monitoring, nondestructive evaluation, material technology, and its fracture mechanics assessment. The corresponding quality measures and their interaction with fracture mechanics design of the weld joint are described. The application of this concept allows to exploit the potentials of weld joints and to assure a safe turbine operation over life time.

이공계 진로의식 신장을 위한 초등 5~6학년용 설계기반 미래 유망직업 STEAM 프로그램 개발 및 적용 효과

본 연구는 생명 의공학 관련 분야의 미래사회 유망직업 가운데 초등학교 5~6학년의 교과 내용과 연계가 가능한 직업들을 선정, '설계기반 미래 유망직업 STEAM 프로그램'을 개발하고 그 타당성과 효과성을 확인한 것이다. 각 프로그램은 2009 개정 교과교육과정 분석을 통해 교과별로 통합이 가능한 성취기준들을 추출한 후, 과학 기술 공학의 최신 이슈를 포함하고 STEAM 준거(틀)에 따라 집단 숙의를 거쳐 9개월간 개발되었다. 또한 생명 의공학 관련 직업을 창의적 설계가 강조된 모의적인 형태로 진로를 체험하게 함으로써, 학생들이 이공계 진로를 탐색하고 관련 진로에 대한 인식과 흥미를 이끌어 낼 수 있도록 하였다. 프로그램의 검증 단계에서 STEAM 리더 스쿨에 적용한 결과, 프로그램의 내용과 수준이 적합하고, 이공계 관련 직업에 대해 모의적인 경험을 함으로써 학생들의 진로에 대한 관심을 끌어낼 수 있었다는 긍정적인 평가를 받았다. 또한 현장적용 과정을 통해 자료의 완성도를 높일 수 있었다. 최종 개발된 STEAM 프로그램을 다른 학교의 일반 학급에 투입한 결과, 초등학생들의 이공계 진로의식이 통계적으로 유의하게 향상되었다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 기존의 과학 수업에 비해 STEAM 프로그램 적용 수업에 대한 학생 만족도가 상당히 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 교과교육과정 내용 기준이 더욱 핵심적인 지식 및 아이디어를 중심으로 대강화될 필요성, 교육과정 재구성의 편리성을 높일 수 있도록 '통합을 위한 기준'의 제공, STEAM 프로그램을 재구성 또는 조직하고 수업을 할 수 있는 교사의 능력 개발, STEAM과 같은 정책이나 프로그램의 효과를 얻기 위해 장기간의 지속적인 지원의 필요성, 교과내에 통합된 진로교육의 강화등이 필요하다는 제언을 하였다. In this research, two careers connectable with the contents of the curriculum of fifth to sixth grade elementary school students were selected among other promising future careers in biotechnology and medical engineering fields. 'Design-based promising future career STEAM program' was developed and its validity and effectiveness were verified. Reflecting recent issues, and complying with the STEAM standard (frame) instructional materials were developed through group deliberations for nine months, based on the achievement standards through an analysis of subject curriculum revised in 2009. This was prepared so that students are able to experience biotechnology and medical engineering related careers in a simulational form emphasized with creative design to make them prefer natural sciences and engineering careers and draw their interests and recognition of the relevant careers under the two disciplines. As a result of such application to STEAM Leader School students at the verification stage of the program, the contents and level of the program were verified suitable, receiving favorable reviews. And as a result of applying the developed program on other elementary school students, it was discovered that significant improvements were found in their career consciousness. Through this research, it was suggested that there is a need for a simplification of the curriculum content standards, a provision of 'standard for integration,' development of teachers' ability in reconstituting or organizing the STEAM and proceeding classes, continuous long-term support to see the effects of a policy or a program, and a reinforcement of career education integrated in the curriculum.

Coal lumps vs. electrons: How do Chinese bulk energy transport decisions affect the global steam coal market?

This paper demonstrates the ways in which different Chinese bulk energy transport strategies affect the future steam coal market in China and in the rest of the world. An increase in Chinese demand for steam coal will lead to a growing need for additional domestic infrastructure as production hubs and demand centers are spatially separated, and domestic transport costs could influence the future Chinese steam coal supply mix. If domestic transport capacity is available only at elevated costs, Chinese power generators could turn to the global trade markets and further increase steam coal imports. Increased Chinese imports could then yield significant changes in steam coal market economics on a global scale. This effect is analyzed in China, where coal is mainly transported by railway, and in another setting where coal energy is transported as electricity. For this purpose, a spatial equilibrium model for the global steam coal market has been developed. One major finding is that if coal is converted into electricity early in the supply chain, worldwide marginal costs of supply are lower than if coal is transported via railway. Furthermore, China's dependence on international imports is significantly reduced in this context. Allocation of welfare changes particularly in favor of Chinese consumers while rents of international producers decrease.

Structural design approach of steam generator made of modified 9Cr-1Mo for high temperature operation

Once through shell and tube steam generators made up of modified 9 Cr-1Mo are employed in nuclear and other power plants for producing steam. In Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR), Steam Generator (SG) is a critical component as its availability decides the capacity factor of the plant. In the 500 MWe pool type PFBR, there are 8 steam generators (SGs), 4 in each of the two secondary loops. These steam generators are taken as reference component for this paper. Each SG is a shell and tube, once through vertical heat exchanger. The sodium is on the shell side and the water / steam is on the tube side. The secondary sodium enters at 798 K and leaves at 628 K. The water is enters at the bottom at 508 K and the superheated steam leaves at the top at 766 K. SG is around 25 m tall and supported at the center of the component. The design life is 40 Y for PFBR and will be more for future steam generators.

A data-driven approach for steam load prediction in buildings

Predicting building energy load is important in energy management. This load is often the result of steam heating and cooling of buildings. In this paper, a data-driven approach for the development of a daily steam load model is presented. Data-mining algorithms are used to select significant parameters used to develop models. A neural network (NN) ensemble with five MLPs (multi-layer perceptrons) performed best among all data-mining algorithms tested and therefore was selected to develop a predictive model. To meet the constraints of the existing energy management applications, Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate uncertainty propagation of the model built by using weather forecast data. Based on the formulated model and weather forecasting data, future steam consumption is estimated. The latter allows optimal decisions to be made while managing fuel purchasing, scheduling the steam boiler, and building energy consumption.

Impulse Capacitor Discharge Welding of Hollow Structure Made of Nickel-Base Alloy

Future steam turbines will use hollow structures so that the turbine inlet temperature can be increased to improve the thermal efficiency. These hollow structures are made of the nickel-base alloy Nicrofer 6025 HT and consist of a wire mesh between two cover sheets. The cover sheets can be joined to the wire mesh by capacitor discharge welding due to its extremely short welding duration. The goal of this research is to investigate suitable welding parameters so that the weld spots form in an optimum way to increase the tensile shear strength and reduce spattering. Tensile shear tests, three-point bending tests, and micrographs were used to judge the joint quality of structures made with various welding parameters. The results show that the best welds are obtained with a transmission ratio of 1:200, welding energy of 70% to 95%, and electrode force of 7 to 9 MPa.