Future Research Articles

Политика Индии в области смягчения последствий изменения климата: трудности и перспективы

India is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the world, largely due to its high dependence on coal. However, since the early 2000s, New Delhi has introduced various tools to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In 2022, a new climate plan was adopted that, for the first time, set a goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2070. To achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gases in the energy sector, India is using several market-based schemes, which will become the basis of the Indian emissions trading system in the nearest future. Environmentally friendly transport is actively developing. Insights from research in the field of industrial decarbonization, carbon capture, and storage systems and forest protection and afforestation programmes are being implemented. However, the implementation of the identified areas is fraught with difficulties, leading to the implementation of controversial measures on the part of the state which are economically justified but contrary to the climate strategy. This study examines the main directions of Indian climate policy, and prospects and difficulties in their implementation to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality

The grasshopper arcyptera (Pararcyptera) meridionalis ikonnikov (Insecta, orthoptera) as a possible agricultural pest in temperate Asia

The goal of the article is to estimate possible changes of the distribution of Arcyptera meridionalis in the contemporary and potential future climatic conditions. The data were collected during field trips. Two packages to produce the species distribution models, namely MaxEnt and ellipsenm, were used. The generated models predict that the status of A. meridionalis as the important pest will not change significantly in the nearest future, however, in the middle of this century, its distribution patterns will become more complicated. The areas those will be the most suitable for the species will remain mainly in the western and central parts of its range. The harmful activity of A. meridionalis can be especially important due to its early hatching, because hoppers may damage and destroy shoots with first leaves and tillers. The models generated for A. meridionalis look like quite different from the models for other steppe acridids. On the contrary, some resemblance between forecasts for two harmful, but quite different grasshopper species, namely Siberian-Mongolian A. meridionalis and East-Mediterranean A. labiata, are revealed. The models for both species demonstrate some possible significant depletion of the territories with suitable conditions for each one in the second half of the 21st century.

Forecasts of the mortality risk of COVID-19 using the Markov-switching autoregressive model: a case study of Nigeria (2020–2022)

The global pandemic due to SARS-Cov-2 ravaged the world and killed more than 6 million people globally within two years. Studies predicting future occurrences are essential to effectively combat the virus. This study modeled daily fatality rate in Nigeria from March 23, 2020 to March 19, 2022 and forecast future occurrences using Markov switching model (MSM). MSM estimates segmented fatality rates into three states of low-, medium- and high-risks. Further, estimates revealed that as at 19th March, 2022, Nigeria remained at the low-risk regime in which 1 (95%CI: 0, 1) person, on the average, died of coronavirus daily; however, the most probable scenario in the nearest future was the medium-risk state in which an average of 4 (95%CI: 2, 5) persons would die daily with 48.7% probability. The study concluded that Nigerian COVID mortality risks followed a switching pattern which fluctuated within low-, medium- and high-risks; however, the medium-risk state was most likely in the future. Our results indicated that the quarantine measures adopted by the governments yielded positive results. It also underscored the need for governments and individuals to intensify efforts to ensure that the country remained at the low-risk zone till the virus would be eventually eradicated.

Digitalization as a direction for the development of the Belarusian combine harvester industry and increasing its competitiveness

The term “digitalization” is analyzed and its wording is proposed in relation to such a sector of the economy as agriculture. It was established in which areas of the agroindustrial complex this process has been applied.The directions of the works carried out by Gomselmash OJSC on the introduction of digital technologies are defined, the main partner firms with which the interaction in the field of digitalization is carried out are outlined. The results of tests of the systems installed or planned to be installed in the nearest future on serial grain and forage harvesters of OJSC Gomselmash are reflected. The advantages and disadvantages of the systems of autonomous control of agricultural machinery based on artificial intelligence are presented.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES BY INDIGENOUS CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

The aim of this paper is to assess the adoption of emerging technologies (ET) by indigenous construction and real estate development companies (CRED) in Abuja, Nigeria with a view to identifying the key driving factors. The study adopted a combination of descriptive and exploratory research designs. Data were collected through structured questionnaire administered to thirty - eight indigenous CRED companies in the study area via purposive sampling technique. Data obtained for the study were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The study found that drone technology is the most commonly used form of ET by indigenous CRED companies in Abuja with 26% of the total occurrence observed. This is followed by BIM (23%) and virtual reality (19%) respectively. It also found that location of the project, labour factor, government policy and technical nature of the project are the crucial factors that influence the adoption of ET by indigenous CRED companies in the study area. The study concludes that there are prospects of greater usage of ET by indigenous CRED companies for their operations in the city in the nearest future. In the light of the findings, it recommends the establishment of a robust regulatory framework by policy makers in the construction industry to clearly provide the technical and ethical standards required for the use of ET in the industry and the penalties for non-compliance especially concerning geographical coverage, data privacy and data security.

Possibilities of surgical correction of complicated forms of chronic venous insufficiency in patients after coronavirus infection

Introduction. COVID-19 causes generalized endothelitis and impaired arthriolo-venular circulation leading to a slowdown in blood flow and venous hypervolemia. This leads to decompensation of the drainage function of perforated veins and the occurrence of horizontal venous reflux. Aim. To determine the possibilities of surgical correction of decompensated forms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in patients after COVID-19, when determining the localization of pathological venous reflux by ultrasound duplex scanning of the lower extremity veins. To determine the character of microcirculatorydisorders in the examined patients. Material and methods. Ultrasound duplex scanning with a 7.5-10 MHz linear sensor was performed in 59 patients aged 40-78 years, 34 women and 25 men who had suffered from COVID-19 in a moderate form that did not require hospitalization. Patients had not previously noted manifestations of CVI and did not use diosmin drugs. The reason for treatment was the manifestation of complicated forms of CVI, which first appeared after COVID-19. 39 patients of group I underwent surgical correction of horizontal venous reflux, 20 patients of group II received conservative treatment. The microcirculatory bed was examined using a high-frequency ultrasound Dopplerograph on the nail bed of the 1st finger of the upper limb with a 25 MHz sensor. Results. The revealed microcirculatory disorders were characterized by a depletion of the Doppler spectrum, which corresponds to parietal stasis. Isolated horizontal venous reflux was recorded in the area of trophic disorders: pigmentation, induration and trophic ulcers (TU) of the shin. In group I patients, as compared to group II, pain syndrome, edema, induration and inflammation significantly decreased after treatment when assessed by the VCSS scale. More rapid and complete healing of TU was observed. Conclusions. COVID-19 provokes accelerated progression of isolated horizontal venous reflux, due to generalized microcirculatory disorders reported in patients in the post-COVID period. The surgical intervention for its elimination in the nearest future after applying undoubtedly surpasses conservative methods of treatment and allows achieving a good cosmetic and clinical result.

UKRAINE’S EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ASPIRATIONS: CONFRONTATION OF TWO WORLDVIEWS

The aim of the work is a comprehensive analysis of Ukraine`s European Union aspirations. The methodological basis of the study are official websites of specialized institutions in Ukraine and the European Union, laws, analytical reports, articles by other scientists, etc. Results. According to the results of the conducted research, it was found that Ukraine continues to actively work towards European integration. It’s confirmed by a number of normative and legislative acts that have already been adopted or are planned to be adopted in the nearest future. It was found that European integration is not just a priority of Ukraine’s foreign policy, the implementation of which began from the moment of independence, but an integral part of the national outlook of the Ukrainian people. In addition, it was analysed that according to the desire of Ukraine, the European Union granted the status of a candidate for EU membership in 2022. The upcoming negotiations are a manifestation of the determination of both sides to implement the European integration policy. Ukraine set the priority of joining European organizations as its key task in foreign policy since independence. The first agreement that regulated relations between the parties was concluded in 1994. It was the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, which entered into force in 1998 and signed for the period of ten years. Conclusions. Thus, it is important that Ukraine began to build bilateral relations with the European Union after gaining independence. The first bilateral act, which defined the goals and purpose of this cooperation, was signed in 1994, the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, the term of which was calculated for ten years. Later, a new stage of negotiations between the parties began. It led to the conclusion of the Association Agreement, the signing of which took place in 2014. It became the fundamental document regulating Ukraine’s cooperation with the European Union in many areas.

Modelling and Simulation of 12 MWP Independent Power Plant using Photovoltaic Energy Resources to a Grid Network

This paper proposes a renewable energy resource (photovoltaic) to generate green and halal energy for household and feeding the excess energy into the Nigeria National Grid Network. The energy demand in third world nation like Nigeria will increase in nearest future. The renewable energy is one of the alternative energy sources that could satisfy the increasing energy demands. Nigerians depends heavily on fossil fuel to generate its electricity needs. Fossil fuels are depleted and the main source of pollution. Photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity directly from the sunlight without any emission of global warming gases, and the fuel is free. In order to optimize the performance of PV systems their operation should be well understood. In this paper, we present the modelling of a real 1.2 MWp photovoltaic system. The PV power plant is tied to the grid. The PV array, the DC/DC converter and the DC/AC inverter are modelled and implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The controller of the grid-connected inverter is modelled to achieve constant voltage, constant frequency and to be synchronized with the grid. The system is simulated under Nigeria weather conditions and the results are acceptable.

The Relationship between Future Wilderness and in Situ and Ex Situ Plant Conservation

Extrapolation of current (1993) rates of wilderness destruction indicate that no significant areas are likely to remain by the year 2300. This likely trend is reinforced by the current continued growth of the human population. The concepts of in situ and ex situ plant species conservation are examined in the context of wilderness loss and practical consequences are discussed including the concept of ad valorem species conservation.

The current state of bilateral relations between Ukraine and the European Union

The aim of the work is a comprehensive analysis of bilateral relations between Ukraine and the European Union at the current stage. The methodological basis of the study are official websites of specialized institutions in Ukraine and the European Union, laws, analytical reports, articles by other scientists, etc. Results. According to the results of the conducted research, it was found that Ukraine continues to actively work towards European integration. It’s confirmed by a number of normative and legislative acts that have already been adopted or are planned to be adopted in the nearest future. In February 2024, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Order “On approval of the Action Plan for the implementation of the recommendations of the European Commission, presented in the Report on the progress of Ukraine within the framework of the 2023 European Union Enlargement Package.” The plan of events is calculated in accordance with the Recommendations of the European Commission, includes the name of the event, the deadline, as well as responsible bodies for its implementation. In total, the Plan contains 142 recommendations. Their implementation requires the realization of more than 350 measures. It was also revealed that the first explanatory session on the negotiating chapters of the EU acquis already took place as part of the official screening and concerned Chapter 23 “Judiciary and fundamental rights”. After the EU revised the enlargement methodology, chapters 23 and 24 have become some of the most important chapters during the negotiation process. It happened in 2020. Conclusions. Thus, Ukraine actively continues to work in the direction of European integration. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Action Plan for implementing the recommendations of the European Commission presented in the Report on the Progress of Ukraine. In total, this Plan contains 142 recommendations, the implementation of which requires the realization of more than 350 measures. The largest number of recommendations of the European Commission is contained in Chapter 23 “Judiciary and fundamental rights”. It is also worth noting that all recommendations are developed in accordance with the updated methodology for the enlargement of the European Union.

An intelligent load balancing algorithm for 5G‐satellite networks

SummaryCellular networks are projected to deal with an immense rise in data traffic, as well as an enormous and diverse device, plus advanced use cases, in the nearest future; hence, future 5G networks are being developed to consist of not only 5G but also different radio access technologies (RATs) integrated. In addition to 5G, the user's device (UD) will be able to connect to the network via LTE, WiMAX, WiFi, Satellite and other technologies. On the other hand, Satellite has been suggested as a preferred network to support 5G use cases. However, achieving load balancing is essential to guarantee an equal amount of traffic distributed between different RATs in a heterogeneous wireless network; this would enable optimal utilisation of the radio resources and lower the likelihood of call blocking/dropping. This study presented an artificial intelligent‐based application in heterogeneous wireless networks and proposed an enhanced particle optimisation (EPSO) algorithm to solve the load balancing problem in 5G‐Satellite networks. The algorithm uses a call admission control strategy to admit users into the network to ensure that users are evenly distributed on the network. The proposed algorithm was compared with the Artificial Bee Colony and Simulated Annealing algorithm using three performance metrics: throughput, call blocking and fairness. Finally, based on the experimental findings, results outcomes were analysed and discussed.

DOES THE RISE OF THE INTERNET MEAN THE DECLINE OF PRINT BOOKS?

Recent changes in the book publishing market are partly contrary to some earlier forecasts. New trends that no one could have predicted are emerging instead of those that seemed highly sustainable not long ago. The present paper aims to unveil deep shifts in the structure of book publishing and sales, new patterns of consumer preferences with special attention to the Russian book market specifics. We analyzed both secondary data obtained from open sources, government documents and officially published reports, and primary data collected through interviews and survey, to have a more comprehensive picture. The results confirm that the development of the Russian book publishing market is consistent with the global trends, though with its own peculiarities significant for publishing companies and their production plans. Thus, while electronic and hardcopy books cost approximately the same in the developed countries, in Russia e-books are 30-40% cheaper. Another specific feature is that foreign authors occupy the majority of popularity ratings. At the same time, the current "fight for customers" between e-book and paper book production is more of a long-term phenomenon, and we should not expect a dramatic shift in book type preferences for consumers in the nearest future..

Contemporary hypolipemic therapy: possibilities of novel hypolipemic drugs in correction of lipid metabolism disorders. Review

Dyslipidemia plays a role of significant risk factor for development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Today several classes of hypolipemic drugs with evidenced effectiveness are used. But some patients don’t tolerate medicines with high efficacy or can’t achieve the targeted blood lipid profile levels even in case of the use of maximal doses or combined therapy. This necessitates the creation of new hypolipidemic agents.
 The review is devoted to discussion of new directions of influence on impaired lipid metabolism through creation of new classes of hypolipemic drugs with some perspectives of effective correction of lipid factors of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in cases of impossibility to achieve the targeted levels of low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) or there is a residual CVR caused by elevated serum triglyceride (TG) levels and/or low levels of high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‑C).
 Among the novel drugs for hypercholesterolemia (HCE) correction, considerations are given for some mechanisms of action and efficacy of application of proprotein convertase subtilisin‑kexine type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors as well as bempedoic acid (adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase inhibitor) and inclisiran, a small synthesized interfering ribonucleic acid (RNA) with its ability to blockade genes‑regulators of hepatic PCSK9 activity. The novel agents for hypertriglyceridemia correction, discussed in the review, include icosapent ethyl (a high purified and firm ester of ethyl‑eicosapentoenic acid), pemafibrate (the first selective modulator of α‑receptors activated by peroxisome proliferator), apolipoprotein C‑III (ApoC‑III) inhibitors (volasenorsen, olesarsen), mipomersen (antisense nucleotide for matrix RNA of apolipoprotein B‑100), lomitapide (inhibitor of microsomal TG transfer protein) and inhibitors of angiopoietin‑like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) (evinacumab, vupanorsen). Among the new approaches to HDL‑C elevation an attention is paid to the experimental and clinical investigations of recombinant HDL, agents with recombinant lecithin‑cholesterol‑acyl‑transferase (LCAT), and apolipoprotein A‑I (ApoA‑I) mimetic peptides. For the lowering of blood lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)) level the possibilities of pelacarsen, an antisense oligonucleotide for matrix RNA of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) contained in LP(a) molecule and olpasiran, a small interfering RNA for LP(a) molecule inhibited apo(a) synthesis are uncovered. A high probability of clinical application in the nearest future will have novel drugs approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) such as bempedoic acid and inclisiran for HCE correction as well as lomitapide for the treatment of familial HCE.

Study results of the parameters of winter barley adaptability according to forecrops

The development and wide distribution of new adaptive varieties in production is a promising and environmentally friendly way for the development of agriculture. A new, more modern, highly productive variety can ensure increased productivity, resistance of crops to stress factors, and promotes better use of natural and anthropogenic resources. The leading direction in breeding in the nearest future should be not the development of varieties in general, adapted to growing conditions, but the identification of varieties adapted to the stress-limiting environmental factors of a particular region, adaptive to the challenges of nature. In addition to the characteristics of the variety and environmental conditions, the forecrop also influences its productivity. Selection in some conditions may not reveal the potential of the genotype in others, which makes it important to obtain information on different growing environments of varieties at the early stages of breeding. The purpose of the current study was to determine the adaptive properties of promising winter barley varieties and lines according to various forecrops. The study was carried out from 2021 to 2023 to estimate the adaptability parameters of 20 winter barley varieties and lines developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” for various forecrops (weedfree fallow, peas, sunflower, winter wheat). To determine the indicators of homeostaticity (Hom) and selection value (Sc), stress resistance (Ymin–Ymax) and genetic flexibility ((Ymax+Ymin)/2), the coefficient of responsiveness to favorable growing conditions (Kr) and the indicator of the stability level of the variety (VSLI), there have been applied the methods of V.V. Khangildin and N.A. Litvinenko (1981), A.A. Rosielle and J. Hamblina as presented by A.A. Goncharenko (2005), V.A. Zykin (2005), E.D. Nettevich (2001). According to all forecrops, there have been identified the varieties distinguished by high parameters of environmental adaptability and stability. Stress-resistant genotypes included the lines ‘Parallelum 2016’ and ‘Parallelum 2017’ (Ymin–Ymax = 1.2, 1.1, respectively), which were distinguished by a set of stability indicators and have been recommended for use in the breeding process as sources of high stress resistance, low yield variability, capable of minimizing negative impact of growing conditions. The variety ‘Step’ proved to be adaptable (regression coefficient bi = 1.5), genetically flexible ((Ymin–Ymax)/2 = 7.7), and highly responsive to growing conditions (Kr = 1.53). The dynamics of productivity corresponded to changes in growing conditions, and to maximize a productivity level, there has been recommended to cultivate it on intensive forecrops.

К вопросу о самообеспеченности страны молокосвертывающими ферментами

Food security is part of national security, self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs being its important indicator. The situation with cheese production raw materials in the Russian Federation is gradually improving. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the production of raw milk is growing, which means that the level of self-sufficiency is gradually increasing. However, milk-converting enzymes can create a bottleneck situation since the entire rennet cheese production depends on them. The share of imported milk-coagulating enzyme preparations on the Russian market is 84.3 %. Recombinant milk-converting enzymes dominate both domestic and global cheese-making. However, Russia has neither microbial recombinant chymosins nor coagulants of its own. The domestic commercial production of milk-converting enzymes, especially of modern recombinant preparations, is one of the most relevant issues the domestic food industry will have to tackle in the nearest future.

The dynamics of arabesque greenling fishery off south Kuril Islands

The purpose of this work was to characterize the biological and commercial indicators of arabesque greenling in the Kunashir Strait during 1998–2022.The basic material for the article was the data collected during the net fishery of arabesque greenling by the fleet of small-tonnage vessels of the Japanese fishing cooperative in the city of Rausu in the eastern (Russian) zone of the Kunashir Strait.Results: It is shown that the stock resources of arabesque greenling in the waters of the southern Kuril Islands have been declining during for a long period of time. Despite a short-term growth of catch per effort in 2018–2021, in 2022 there was again a decrease of fishery indicators. The negative trend of catch per effort is directly associated with the features of dynamics of arabesque greenling resources distributed in Kunashir Strait and in the Sea of Okhotsk waters of Hokkaido.Practical significance: The new information makes it possible to determine the current trends in total biomass changing for commercial fish and to clarify the fishery capabilities of the area in the nearest future.

Digital economy and fiscal management: current issues and prospects.

The article analyzes the topical issues of the implementation of digitalization in fiscal management, revealing the development of digital resources applied by Federal Tax Service that advances accountability in the sphere of taxation. The article reasonably states that it is still difficult to foresee all the risks of digital transformation but observing the priority of the digital principles it is possible to avoid these risks in the nearest future. This study substantiates the prospects of further development of digitalization in fiscal management.

DISCUSSION: The Future of The Historians

DISCUSSION: The Future of The Historians

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ В ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОМУ АНАЛІЗІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article examines the peculiarities of artificial intelligence development and the using its achievements for the future development of Ukrainian economy, in particular in accordance with the Concept of Artificial Intelligence Development in Ukraine. The major tasks of AI using in economical spare of Ukraine are: stimulating the development of entrepreneurship in the field of artificial intelligence; motivation of business to introduce artificial intelligence technologies to increase their own efficiency; development of the Roadmap to retrain people whose work can be automated in the nearest future; introduction of the state order for artificial intelligence systems, IT specialists and data researchers; stimulation of partnership between the state and business in the field of innovative projects, as well as improvement of legislation in the relevant field. Using of information technologies allows to monitor business projects, influence the results of business operations, which enables to warn possible risks and make effective decisions. AI is a modern tool capable to increase business efficiency through rapid analysis of available data, that lets choose the best development strategy. The main advantages of using AI include: forecasting financial and market-commercial risks; optimization of development strategies; creation the system for monitoring business results in real time; automation of accounting and financial and economic analysis; analysis of market and economic trends. The key problems in the economic sector that affect the development of AI in Ukraine are separated, special attention is paid to the advantages and risks of using artificial intelligence technologies in business activities, among them low-quality data for analysis, opacity of the obtained results, as well as the risk of privacy loss. In order to minimize the possible risks connected with the loss of confidential data, it is proposed to use of software that would allow, taking into account the industry specifics of each enterprise's activity, to maintain, monitor and analyze significant data. That would allow to monitor the effectiveness of business processes in the real time mode and make efficient management decisions without fear of leakage of important confidential information.

Using Visual Odometry to Determine the Position of a UAV

We discuss the main concepts and problems related to navigating an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a three-dimensional space via visual odometry. In the nearest future, GMSS-free UAV navigation will embody a critical part of autonomous navigation systems, with information from on-board cameras enabling the user to estimate the UAV’s movement and position. In the given context, this paper presents different types of visual odometry, sensors for visual odometry, implementation components, and application scenarios. To allow the development and innovations, we utilize the widely used Robotic Operating System (ROS).