Future Time Orientation Research Articles

Work autonomy and exit-voice choice: the role of skill utilization, learning from colleagues and future time orientation

PurposeUnderpinned by the exit-voice and work design models, this study investigates how work autonomy reduces employee turnover intentions and promotes voice behavior via the mediator of skill utilization and how this mediation process is moderated by social (learning from colleagues) and personality (future time orientation) characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThe hypothesized moderated mediation model was tested using regression analysis based on two-wave survey data of 350 Chinese employees.FindingsThe relationships between work autonomy on the one hand and voice behavior and turnover intentions on the other were mediated by skill utilization. Furthermore, such mediated relationships were intensified by collegial learning and future time orientation.Practical implicationsAdopting empowering HR practices (e.g. autonomous work teams and job rotation) that give employees job control and learning opportunities is important to encourage employee voice and reduce turnover.Originality/valueThe paper identifies collegial learning and future time orientation as boundary conditions that regulate the effects of work autonomy. This reconciles the contradictory findings in prior research testing the relationship between autonomy and exit-voice decisions.

The relationship between four indicators of future time orientation, criminal thinking style, and illegal behaviors.

Individuals who commit criminal behaviors are often thought to prioritize short-term goals rather than long-term goals (i.e., a present vs. a future time orientation). Though previous theories of crime and empirical research support a relationship among future time orientation, criminal thinking, and illegal behaviors, there is disagreement in the literature about how to operationalize the multidimensional construct of future time orientation. The primary aim of this pre-registered survey study was to measure multiple components of future time orientation to better understand the relationship with criminality-related outcomes. Participants were 248 undergraduate college students. Survey materials included a measure of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11), self-control (Brief Self-Control Scale), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire), and Carstensen's Future Time Perspective Scale. Participants also completed two measures of criminal thinking style (the Texas Christian University Criminal Thinking Scale, the Criminogenic Cognitions Scale) and an illegal behaviors checklist. Bivariate results demonstrated a negative relationship between future time orientation (i.e., low impulsivity, high self-control, high future time perspective) and criminal thinking style. The relationship between delay discounting and criminal thinking was in the hypothesized direction but failed to reach statistical significance. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the measure of self-control had the most consistent and incrementally significant relationship with both criminal thinking style and illegal behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed along with study limitations and future directions.

Prospective control by reinforcers in human choice: Misallocation and bias, but not time orientation, influences reinforcer control

Research with nonhuman animals and children suggests reinforcer control is prospective; that is, behaviour is organised according to the likely future, as extrapolated from past experience. The present experiment extended this work to adult choice, and also explored the effects of individual differences in past, present, and future time-orientation on reinforcer control. Participants (N = 163) responded in a concurrent schedule in which the probability of a reinforcer at the same location as the previous reinforcer varied across conditions. Choice tracked these probabilities, albeit imperfectly, indicating that reinforcers controlled behaviour prospectively. Deviations in choice from reinforcer probabilities were well-captured by a quantitative model assuming that such deviations arise because reinforcers are misallocated to the wrong alternative and because of biases towards one alternative. This replicates previous findings in pigeons and children, hence demonstrating the cross-species generality, and developmental continuity, of prospective reinforcer control. Individual differences in time orientation appeared not to influence reinforcer control, although further work is needed to explore the conditions under which time orientation modulates prospective reinforcer control.

The Influence of High School Students’ Future-Oriented Time Perspective on Career Preparation Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Self-Leadership and Career Motivation

The Influence of High School Students’ Future-Oriented Time Perspective on Career Preparation Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Self-Leadership and Career Motivation

The relationship between career-related future time orientation and employment outcomes: a time-lagged study

The relationship between career-related future time orientation and employment outcomes: a time-lagged study

Correlates of Self-Reported Executive Function Impairment Among Medicaid Beneficiaries With Type 2 Diabetes

Aims Executive function (EF) impairment is associated with poorer outcomes for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Previous research has identified risk factors for EF impairment, but many of these are also associated with type 2 diabetes. To address this issue, this study identified relevant variables from the literature and compared their association with EF in a sample of people with type 2 diabetes. Methods Adult members of a Medicaid health plan diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in a social needs intervention trial. Using baseline data from the trial, bivariate and multivariable regression analyses examined associations between EF and demographic, health, and psychosocial factors. Results When controlling for other factors, we identified six significant correlates of EF impairment: age (β = 0.10), education (college vs. no college; β = −0.38), depression symptoms (β = 0.18), comorbidity burden (β = 0.21), diabetes-related distress (β = 0.14), and future time orientation (β = −0.13). Conclusion Our analysis identified several factors associated with greater EF impairment, which may interfere with diabetes self-management. Providers should consider these factors when prescribing treatments and determine whether additional resources or accommodations are warranted.

“There’s no one as honest as those in pain”: The language of Tom Petty’s song lyrics

Tom Petty’s songs are among the most recognized and influential in rock music. One aspect of Petty’s songs that contributes to his popularity is his use of language in his lyrics. The current study performed two sets of analyses: (a) to examine linguistic features of Petty’s song lyrics over the course of his songwriting career; and (b) to investigate similarities and differences between Petty’s lyrics and the earlier and contemporaneous lyrics of an artist widely assumed to have influenced him, Bob Dylan. Results of analyses using a standard textual program, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), showed that Petty reduced his references to social relations and reduced his focus on future time orientations over his songwriting career. There were also rises and declines in expressions of authenticity as well as increases in analytical thinking. In analyses comparing Petty to Dylan using a time-lagged approach, Petty’s songs remained shorter in number of words than Dylan’s songs and there was an increase in indicators of analytical thinking in Petty’s later work reaching levels that are characteristic of Dylan’s songs. Further research is needed to trace the influences on prolific songwriting and other aspects of music beyond lyrical expression.

35 Bilingualism and Time Perspective in Hispanic-Americans Speed Attention

Objective:Differences between monolinguals and bilinguals have been documented in neuropsychological test performance. Various explanations have been provided to explain why differences exist among these language groups. Hispanic-Americans are individuals born and reside in the United States and have a family background extending to one of the Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America or Spain. Furthermore, Hispanic-American children from Hispanic homes where Spanish is their first language find themselves academically at a disadvantage because their English vocabulary may be lower than English monolinguals. Time perspective (TP) refers to an individual’s orientation towards the past, present, or future. One’s ability to change their TP in order to adapt to changes in cultural context can result in optimal psychological well-being. In one study, researchers reported no relationship existed between ethnicity and TP on cognition. To our knowledge, no study has examined the relationship between language and TP in Hispanic-Americans’ speed attention performance. Therefore, it was predicted that monolinguals would outperform bilinguals on speed attention tasks. Next, it was predicted that monolinguals would report higher scores on future time orientation compared to bilinguals, and bilinguals would report higher scores on past and present time orientation compared to monolinguals. Finally, differences in TP would correlate with speed attention tasks between language groups.Participants and Methods:The sample consisted of 119 Hispanic-Americans with a mean age of 19.45 (SD = 1.43). Participants were broken into three groups: English first language monolingual (EFLM), English first language bilingual (EFLB), and English second language bilingual (ESLB). The Comalli Stroop part A and B, Trail Making Test part A, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test written and oral parts were used to evaluate speed attention and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory was used to evaluate time orientation in our sample.Results:ANOVAs revealed the EFLM group outperformed the ESLB group on the Comalli Stroop part B, p = .020, np2 = .07. Next, we also found on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test written part the EFLB group outperformed both bilingual groups, p = .025, np2 = .06. Regarding TP, the EFLB group reported higher past negative orientation compared to the EFLM group, p = .033, np2 = .06. Additionally, we found the bilingual groups reported higher present-fatalistic compared to the EFLM group, p = .023, np2 = .06. Pearson’s correlation revealed no significant correlations between TP and speed attention tasks on any of our language groups.Conclusions:As expected, the EFLM group outperformed the ESLB group on several speed attention tasks, but the EFLM group only outperformed the EFLB group on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test written part. Additionally, we found that our EFLB sample reported higher orientation of the past and present compared to monolinguals. Our sample level of acculturation could have been a factor influencing the relationship between TP and speed attention. Future studies using larger representative samples should include measures of acculturation and examine if TP influences other cognitive domains (e.g., executive function) in Hispanic-American monolingual and bilingual speakers.

Future time orientation, life projects, and career self-efficacy of unemployed individuals.

This study examined the relationship between two variables of the psychological future [future time orientation (FTO) and life project (LP)] and their relationship with career self-efficacy in unemployed individuals. Participants were 216 unemployed adults (151 women, 65 men), aged from 18 to 67 years old (M = 42.8, SD = 10.57), who responded to measures of distance and impact of future time orientation, identification and involvement in life project and career exploration and decision-making self-efficacy. Results of latent mediation analysis and correlational analysis indicated that there is a direct effect between FTO and LP, but also an indirect (i.e., mediating) effect between them through career self-efficacy beliefs. These findings suggest that unemployed individuals with a stronger sense of future time orientation are more likely to identify and engage with their life projects, and that this organization of their life projects is mediated by their levels of career self-efficacy. Overall, the study provides important insights into the psychological factors that can impact the careers behaviors of unemployed individuals, as well as on the characteristics of career psychological interventions with this public.

Time Perspective, Dietary Behavior, and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Dietary behavior is a key component in the self-management of patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as it is essential for glycemic control and preventing diabetic complications. However, it is challenging for patients with diabetes to make sustainable dietary behavior changes and achieve long-term optimal glycemic control. Dietary behavior changes involve present efforts to achieve future benefits. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among time perspective, dietary behaviors, and health outcomes in patients with T2DM. Based on the temporal self-regulation theory and previous research, the secondary aim of the study was to explore how time perspective influences dietary behaviors. Following convenient sampling ( N = 329), a cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with T2DM between November 2021 and October 2022. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires and the retrieval of clinical information from medical records. Hierarchical regression and path analysis were used to explore the relationships among study variables. Our analyses showed that a future-oriented time perspective was associated with better dietary behavior but was not significantly related to hemoglobin A1c. Hierarchical regression analysis also demonstrated that having a more future-oriented time perspective was associated with healthier dietary behavior after controlling covariates. Based on the theory and path analysis, there was an indirect effect of future time perspective on dietary behavior through self-control capacity and intention. The study reveals that a future-oriented time perspective can promote healthier dietary behavior when providing care for patients with T2DM. As a theoretical framework, the temporal self-regulation theory offers references for researchers and clinicians to take into consideration patients' time perspectives and their intentions and self-control capacity when developing interventional programs to improve dietary behaviors.

Future Time Orientation Scale: a new measure to assess the psychological future

Future Time Orientation Scale: a new measure to assess the psychological future

Structural Relationships Among Future-Oriented Time Perspective, Psychological Independence, and Career Self-Directedness in College Students

Structural Relationships Among Future-Oriented Time Perspective, Psychological Independence, and Career Self-Directedness in College Students

Beyond society's desire for a slowed‐down temporal experience: Toward a nomological network of individuals' need‐for deceleration

AbstractThis study expands on past deceleration and slow consumption research by introducing and validating a measure of need‐for‐deceleration, an individual's motivational ability to engage in activities aimed at slowing down the perceived fast passage of time. Following initial scale development, two studies establish construct validity by placing need‐for‐deceleration into a nomological network. Results indicate that the measure correlated with, but was distinct from, variables involving negative affective states, such as state anxiety and neuroticism. Need‐for‐deceleration scores were not related to materialism, but negatively correlated with self‐efficacy, life satisfaction, work‐life balance, and conscientiousness. Correlations were positive with need‐for‐uniqueness, future time orientation, and susceptibility to normative influence. Need‐for‐deceleration was also associated with regulatory focus (positively with prevention, and negatively with promotion focus). To explore criterion validity, a third study establishes associations between need‐for‐deceleration and consumer lifestyle variables. Developing and validating the scale can help researching and managing products relating to the consumption of time, wellness, mindfulness, and simplicity.

The Future Time Orientation of Deuteronomy 30:11–14: A Response to Douglas Moo and Thomas Schreiner

Abstract This article interacts with the objections of Douglas Moo and Thomas Schreiner to the view that, in context, Deut 30:11–14 has a grammatically future time orientation. After giving a brief history of the debate, it is argued that the word היום (“today”) in Deut 30:11 cannot grammatically shift the time orientation of the discourse back to the present and therefore that the future tense reading of Deut 30:11–14 is the proper reading of the Hebrew text in context.

705-P: Examining Psychosocial Correlates of HbA1c Testing Frequency

Evidence supports guidelines for quarterly HbA1c testing for optimum diabetes control. Understanding patient-level factors associated with testing frequency may inform future interventions. Previous research with insured patients found greater testing frequency was associated with older age, uncontrolled baseline HbA1c, and comorbidities. This secondary analysis used baseline survey data from an ongoing intervention trial with the first 383 adult Medicaid beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes to have 12 months of follow up and medical claims data. Participants had an HbA1c test date <4mo prior to enrollment and reported the value >7.0 or “don’t know”. Associations with ≤2 vs. 3+ test dates over 12 months and demographic, health, and psychosocial correlates were examined. Participants were female (77%), White (30%), Black (70%), age M=51.66 (SD=9.32), had M=2.90 social needs (SD=1.70), and including diabetes, had M=7.62 (SD=3.05) chronic conditions. Of 1,710 HbA1c claims; 119 were excluded for <30 days of a previous claim. Participants with 1-2 claims (N=110, 29%) were compared to those with 3+ claims (N=273, 71%). Greater testing frequency was associated (p<.05) with: less likelihood of having children at home, more likely to be on insulin, more likely to report an HbA1c >9.0 or “don’t know”, more compliant with diabetes medicine and glucose testing at home, poorer physical functioning and general health, less future time orientation, and more diabetes distress. Testing frequency was not associated with age, race, employment, disability, sum social needs, sum comorbidities, stress, depression, diabetes self-efficacy or social functioning. Only having children at home (OR=0.53; 95%CI 0.53-0.88) and future time orientation (OR=.50; 0.30-0.82) were significant in a multivariable model. Some participants with 3+ tests may be more engaged in better diabetes care due to fewer family demands. Others in better health with less diabetes distress may need messaging to increase the perceived need for quarterly testing. Disclosure A.Mcqueen: None. C.J.Herrick: Consultant; Teladoc Health, Other Relationship; Merck & Co., Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. L.Li: None. R.E.Smith: None. N.Verdecias: None. D.J.Broussard, jr.: None. D.A.Von nordheim: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1R01DK115916-01)

Mental Time Travel in Online Travel Communities: The Application of Past and Future Time Orientations

This study identified travelers’ mental states related to key travel attributes at different stages of travel. Specifically, this study addresses three research foci: (1) the major topics discussed by online travel community members regarding European and Asian destinations; (2) the members’ future and past time orientations; and (3) the emotions associated with the topics discussed. To answer our research questions, we conducted topic modeling and language analysis to measure travelers’ temporal orientations (i.e., past and future orientations) and emotional states (i.e., positive and negative sentiments) as expressed on Reddit. We compared comments on the 20 most salient topics related to European and Asian destinations by topic weight, and classified the discussed topics on the basis of topic sentiment and temporal orientation. Our results identify the key travel attributes shared in the online sphere, where online travel community members express varying sentiments toward past and future experiences and events. The findings will benefit diverse travel industry stakeholders as well as researchers interested in online discourses.

Relationship between Future Time Orientation, Career Adaptability Focusing on the Mediating Role of Procrastination

Relationship between Future Time Orientation, Career Adaptability Focusing on the Mediating Role of Procrastination

The psychological future of unemployed individuals and workers: invariance measurement model and mean differences

This study compared the psychological future of unemployed individuals and workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. It used the data from two previous data collections, one with unemployed individuals and another with workers. Participants from the two datasets were paired considering the same gender and similar age and education degree. The analyzed sample consisted of 352 participants, of which 176 were unemployed individuals and 176 were workers. The psychological future was measured by the Future Time Orientation Scale and the Life Project Scale. Both scales fit the sample of unemployed individuals and were invariant at the metric level across occupation status. Partial scalar model met good fit after freeing the intercepts of one item in each scale. In contrast to the hypothesis, compared to workers, unemployed individuals did not have lower rates in the assessed features of their psychological future. Conversely, for some variables, the rates were even higher among unemployed individuals. Unexpected results and limitations are discussed.

Psychological profiles of South African smallholder farmers.

The present study examined smallholder farmer profiles based on key psychological variables associated with farm business performance in the South African context. A sample of 471 beef farmers (mean age = 54.15 years; SD = 14.46; men = 76%) and 426 poultry farmers (mean age = 47.28 years; SD = 13.53; women = 54.5%) provided data on a range of measures assessing attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, personality characteristics, present and future time orientation, expected benefits of, and efficacy to perform the farm business tasks, and farm-related concerns. Latent profile analysis identified three distinct profile segments of smallholder beef and poultry farmers, respectively: Fatalists, Traditionalists, and Entrepreneurs. Our results suggested unique combinations of psychological characteristics in a sample of South African smallholder beef and poultry farmers and show a novel way of understanding enablers of, and barriers to, engaging in the farm business.

Understanding the causes of American war of independence from the perspective of IC communication

In the 18th century, the American War of Independence was a mere accident, but it had happened, dealt a telling blow to the pride of the British Empire and destroyed its revenue mine. Understanding its causes from the perspective of IC communication, this article argues that failed communication played a major role. This article starts with the exploration of the unwise policies imposed on the American colonies due to lacking a set of effective communication strategies and channels, on which basis it analyzes how mechanical, semantic and psychological barriers blocked the communication between the British Empire and its 13 colonies. The past-oriented VS future-oriented time concepts deeply rooted in the mindsets of the mother country and its colonies are also examined.