Future Restorations Research Articles

Benthic macroinvertebrate response to estuarine emergent marsh restoration across a delta-wide environmental gradient

Benthic invertebrates play vital roles in estuarine ecosystems, but like other taxa they have been excluded from former marshlands by diking and land use conversion. Dike removal is one way of restoring marsh, but the response of benthic invertebrates has been little studied. Also understudied is variation in benthic invertebrate communities across entire deltas, particularly in the Pacific Northwest of North America where deltas receive high flows and sediment loads for their size. Our goals were to evaluate invertebrate response to large-scale dike removal on the Nisqually River Delta in Puget Sound, Washington, U.S.A., characterize delta-wide invertebrate community variation, and relate invertebrate response and spatial variation to environmental conditions. We sampled invertebrates annually from one year before to three years after dike removal in restoring marsh, previously restored marsh, undisturbed reference marsh, and adjacent tidal flats. Marine taxa immediately colonized the area recently restored to tidal inundation and population size grew exponentially thereafter for several of them. Community composition and diversity recovered completely, and density and biomass were approaching recovery three years later. Invertebrate communities converged between restoring and pre-existing marsh (previously restored and reference), suggesting an influence of reestablished connectivity. Just offshore from the dike line, invertebrates declined one year after dike removal but then rebounded indicating resilience to short-term disturbance. Dike removal effects were not detected farther offshore. Near the offshore edge of the delta, invertebrate biomass and body size were greater than elsewhere and a diverse assemblage of crustaceans, polychaetes, and bivalves was present. Farther inshore, tidal flats were dominated by a few species of small-bodied polychaetes and had higher density but lower biomass and diversity. Facultative detritivores, which can also filter feed, were the dominant feeding guild everywhere on the tidal flats. Density, biomass, diversity, and community composition on the marsh were more similar to the inner than outer tidal flats. Environmental variables most associated with invertebrate community variation were elevation, salinity, and sediment grain size and organic content. Our results are relevant to assessing performance and setting expectations for future restorations and have broad implications for the role of benthic invertebrates in estuarine ecosystems.

Perio-prosthodontic pontic site management, part II: Pontic site reconstruction strategies to enhance the esthetic and biological outcomes.

Ridge deformities are present in most patients after tooth extraction; these defects make the management of future implant and pontic sites challenging to deal with. The restorative team should be able to diagnose and treat these deformities to allow for successful outcomes. Many approaches have been described to reconstruct pontic sites, each with specific indications. This article describes the different approaches to reconstructing pontic sites and their indications to allow for a proper esthetic and biological environment for future restorations. Depending on the severity of the defect, location, and the esthetic necessity, pontic site enhancement can be done through different approaches, some requiring soft tissue grafting, hard tissue grafting, or both. Understanding the indications of the treatment options is essential to allow the clinician to make the right therapeutic decision and achieve the best possible perio-prosthodontic outcomes. An adequate balance between the soft tissue and prosthetics is essential to achieve successful results on implant-supported or tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Selecting the right approach to treat ridge deformities is necessary to increase treatment success, reduce over-treatment, and create a biologically sound environment for restorations. Pontic site enhancement through reconstructive surgery will allow for esthetically pleasing and biologically stable results, allowing restorations to emulate natural structures lost after tooth extraction.

Preorthodontic functional long-term trial restoration of a worn dentition for optimizing outcomes: A clinical report

Orthodontic tooth movement is often required before restorative treatment to maximize the esthetic and functional outcomes. Diagnostic waxing is a crucial step before active treatment to validate the optimal tooth position for future restorations. In this clinical report, a bonded prototype of the diagnostic waxing was used to guide and facilitate orthodontic treatment with the definitive restorations mind. The orthodontic treatment created the required space between the teeth for the ceramic restorations, improved dental and facial features, and restored appropriate incisal guidance.

Effect of Cumulative Ionizing Radiation on Flexural Strength, Flexural Modulus, and Elasticity Modulus of Dentin in Unerupted Human Third Molars

PurposeThis in vitro study aimed to investigate the changes in mechanical properties in dentin of third molars after radiation therapy using variable doses and frequencies. Methods and MaterialsRectangular cross sectioned dentin hemisections (N = 60, n = 15 per group; >7 × 4 × 1.2 mm) were prepared using extracted third molars. After cleansing and storage in artificial saliva, random distribution was performed to 2 irradiation settings, namely AB or CD (A, 30 single doses of irradiation [2 Gy each] for 6 weeks; B, control group of A; C, 3 single doses of irradiation [9 Gy each]; and D, control group of C). Various parameters (fracture strength/maximal force, flexural strength, and elasticity modulus) were assessed using a universal Testing Machine (ZwickRoell). The effect of irradiation on dentin morphology was evaluated by histology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-way analysis of variance and paired and unpaired t tests at a significance level of 5%. ResultsSignificance could be found considering the maximal force applied to failure when the irradiated groups were compared with their control groups (A/B, P < .0001; C/D, P = .008). Flexural strength was significantly higher in the irradiated group A compared with control group B (P < .001) and for the irradiated groups A and C (P = .022) compared with each other. Cumulative radiation with low irradiation doses (30 single doses; 2 Gy) and single irradiation with high doses (3 single doses; 9 Gy) make the tooth substance more prone to fracture, lowering the maximal force. The flexural strength decreases when cumulative irradiation is applied, but not after single irradiation. The elasticity modulus showed no alteration after irradiation treatment. ConclusionsIrradiation therapy affects the prospective adhesion of dentin and the bond strength of future restorations, potentially leading to an increased risk of tooth fracture and retention loss in dental reconstructions.

Weathering detection of granite from three asynchronous historical quarries of Sabrosa municipally (North Portugal)

• Weathering granite was achieved using several methods, as infrared thermography. • Non-destructive techniques were used to correlate their physical properties. • Weathering related to colour, microcracks, hydric properties and thermal effect. • Microcracks depends of quarry depth, interaction with fluids, weathering degree. • Vale das Gatas granite outcrops in Sabrosa (North Portugal). Vale das Gatas granite is the main traditional building granite of Sabrosa municipality (North of Portugal). It is a two-mica granite porphyroid of coarse-medium crystal-size, characterised by the presence of pseudo-oriented phenocrystals of feldspars. Quarries deepen as extraction techniques evolve over time. They were shallow in the Iron Age, and the granite extracted from them is more weathered and has more developed exfoliation microcracks than the one extracted from medieval quarries, when new techniques allowed the extraction of deeper and fresher granites. Current quarries can go tens of meters deep and produce fresh granite, which is less weathered and has exfoliation microcracks that are less developed. Prehistoric, medieval and current quarries of the Vale das Gatas granite exist in Sabrosa municipality. Therefore, a great variety of monuments have been built with the same granite but with different weathering degrees. Replacement granite must have the same weathering degree as the original granite present in the monument to avoid different responses to the same decay agent. Different weathering degrees of Vale das Gatas granite were assessed by non-destructive techniques to correlate their physical properties with the weathering degree. Thus, in addition to a microscopic study, density, porosity, capillary water uptake, colour, ultrasonic pulse velocity and thermal properties were determined. These properties allowed determining the weathering degree of Vale das Gatas granite and correlating it with the original historical quarries. In this way, replacement granites can be obtained for future restorations.

Characterization of Barium Hydroxide Used as Consolidating Agent for Monumental Surfaces in Venice

Barium hydroxide was one of the most widely used inorganic materials to consolidate calcareous stones during the 19th and 20th. The consolidation process occurs through a carbonation reaction. Several researchers studied the consolidation mechanism; however, the results are sometimes in conflict. More experimental work using modern analytical techniques and a multi-analytical approach is necessary to shed light on the mechanisms involved. This research aims to validate the chemical composition of the developed secondary products and to evaluate the treatment’s effectiveness over time. Carrara marble and Vicenza white limestone were treated and subjected to natural, artificial, and biological weathering. Furthermore, only a few microsamples were collected from Venetian historical artifacts treated in the 1960s and 1970s. Microscopic observations, sponge tests, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and microbiological analyses investigated the stability of the treatment over time and ascertained the chemical composition of the acicular crystals developed from the carbonation reaction of barium hydroxide. The results prompted a number of considerations useful for future restorations and for developing innovative compounds for consolidation interventions.

Testing restoration methods for Lake Ontario wetlands at a wetland scale

Sedges and grasses have a competitive advantage over cattails at higher elevations in Great Lakes wetlands where periodic low lake levels result in soils too dry to support cattails. Regulation of Lake Ontario water levels eliminated low lake-level years, resulting in cattail invasion. At a wetland scale at two Lake Ontario sites, we tested restoration methods by dredging channels through cattails, using spoil materials to create mounds suitable for sedge/grass growth, seeding mounds, and controlling cattails (T. × glauca) using methods adapted from experimental studies. Soil moisture and subsidence of mound soils were monitored. Vegetation was sampled pre-restoration and in shoreline sedge/grass meadow, emergent, and mound zones for two years following implementation. Although spoil mounds decreased in elevation at both sites, soil moisture increased more at the site with greater subsidence. Mean percent cover and ramet counts of cattails were reduced in sedge/grass and emergent zones at both sites. Mounds with greater soil moisture held more cattails post-construction. Across years at both sites, Carex lacustris and Calamagrostis canadensis increased in the sedge/grass meadow zone with reduction in Typha; Calamagrostis increased on the mounds. Key factors affecting results were cattail litter and, on the mounds, a second year of seeding with in situ cold, moist stratification, as well as soil moisture related to subsidence. Recommendations for future restorations include conducting more detailed soil surveys to assess potential subsidence, dredging wider and deeper channels to provide spoil for higher mounds, actively controlling invasive species, and conducting additional years of post-restoration data collection.

The Genius loci Issue in the Revalorization of Post-Military Complexes: Selected Case Studies in Legnica (Poland)

Barracks built at the turn of the 20th century and in the 1930s in garrison towns in the Western Borderlands of Poland serve as the focal point of their cultural landscape. Traditions, which grew around these structures during three independent periods (pre-war German times, the totalitarian post-war period and the contemporary free-market economy), form a continuous narrative of how the military contributed to development and helped shape the sense of local identity. Simultaneously, historic barracks complexes are a dissonant heritage due to the complicated history of these lands, known as the Recovered Territories, which includes a change in nationality, exchange of population and the Iron Curtain. After the army was restructured, many of these barracks were decommissioned and repurposed. Some of the adaptations obscured the barracks’ typological differentiators, which diminished their value as archives of cultural and social history. The study described in this paper conducted by the author helped to identify the features that differentiate military installations from other historic architecture and diagnose which of these features must be preserved in order to maintain the genius loci of the barracks complexes, i.e., their scholastic potential and sentimental value. Based on the acquired knowledge, this paper analyzed two adaptations of barracks in Legnica, one from each period of intensified militarism. This analysis resulted in the formulation of recommendations for future restorations of other barracks that still remain in their original form.

The historical quarry of pena (Vila Real, north of Portugal): Associated cultural heritage and reuse as a geotourism resource

Stone created and still creates cultural heritage in landscapes, villages and cities all over the world. Granite was and still is a crucial building stone in Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion. Ancient quarries, forms of extraction and buildings built with it are a heritage we should safeguard. This work details a practical case of sustainable use of a granite historical quarry in Pena (Vila Real, North Portugal). A geotourism itinerary would bring new life to this abandoned quarry. A proposed route connects the quarry with the main buildings and monuments built with its granite in the nearby city of Vila Real. It envisages an eighteen-stop tour of the buildings and monuments built with Pena granite. The proposal includes a geotourism excursion through this impressive quarry, which forms an open-air geological museum.The implementation of this project has two aims. First, to revive the historical quarry of Pena. Second, to promote the sustainable conservation of cultural heritage by creating an inventory of buildings of Vila Real city built with granite from Pena. Thus, it will enable the economic development of local communities using built heritage linked to heritage stones. The quarry of Pena will be a source of granite for possible future restorations of the historical buildings built with it. Environmental economics relates to geotourism, cultural tourism and the sustainable use of historical quarries.

Satisfaction and attitudes of the student population about dental aesthetics

Introduction: Perceptions of the esthetic appearance of teeth vary in different individuals and can affect satisfaction with the dental appearance, attitudes, and the need for appropriate dental treatment. The research aims to examine the factors influencing the satisfaction with the appearance of the dentition and the attitude toward treatments which improve dental esthetics among students of the faculty of dentistry in comparison to the attitudes of students of non-dental faculties.Methods: The research included a total of 358 students of the Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Architecture in Sarajevo who voluntarily filled out a questionnaire created for this research. The questionnaire contained questions related to satisfaction with the appearance of teeth in general, tooth color, tooth position, questions related to the previous, and future desired esthetic restorations and treatments.Results: Female subjects expressed statistically significantly greater dissatisfaction with the appearance of the dentition and did or plan to do treatments that could improve dental esthetics compared to male subjects. Students of the Faculty of Dentistry at final years were significantly more satisfied with the general appearance of teeth and tooth color compared to freshmen students of the Faculty of Dentistry and students of the Faculty of Architecture.Conclusion: Satisfaction with dental appearance is a subjective experience that is influenced by various factors, level, and type of education is among them.

The relationship between claimed restorations and future restorations in children and adolescents: An observational follow-up study on risk categories for dental caries.

Various models are available to assess caries risk in individuals. In general past caries experience is considered as the best single predictor for future caries development in populations. Likewise, recent restorations have been used to predict future restorations. We aimed to evaluate a classification model for risk categories for dental caries in children based on claims data from Dutch healthcare insurance company Zilveren Kruis. The baseline caries risk categories were derived from the number of claimed restorations in two baseline years (2010 through 2011). These categories were defined as low (no new restorations), moderate (1 new restoration), and high (2 or more new restorations). First, we analyzed the relationship between baseline caries risk categories and the number of new restorations during 3 years of follow-up (2012 through 2014). Secondly, we used negative binominal two-level analyses to determine the accuracy of our classification model in predicting new restorations during follow-up. Thirdly, we reclassified the participants after 3 years and determined the changes in the categorization. We included insurance claims data for the oral healthcare services in 28,305 children and adolescents from 334 dental practices for the period 2010–2014. At baseline, 68% of the participants were in risk category low, 13% in moderate and 19% in high. The mean number of new restorations during follow-up was 0.81 (SD 1.72) in baseline risk category low, 1.61 (SD 2.35) in moderate, and 2.65 (SD 3.32) in high. The accuracy of the multivariate model for predicting 0/>0 restorations was 50%. After 3 years, 60% of the study participants were in the same risk category, 20% were in a lower, and 21% in a higher risk category. Risk categories based on claimed restorations were related to the number of new restorations in groups. As such, they could support planning and evaluation of oral healthcare services.

The 4D Concept_ Adding the missing link to the digital workflow

Recent digital technological advances have allowed for the mandibular movements to be tracked and the dynamic occlusion to be recorded in real time. The digital files created can be used towards assembling a complete virtual patient and for future restorations to be best designed using appropriate dental CAD software. A case report of a female patient that attended our private practice seeking a full mouth rehabilitation procedure is described. The clinical steps taken to transform the real patient as a complete virtual patient are outlined. Special emphasis is given to the way that the patients’ own mandibular movements were recorded clinically and incorporated in a dental CAD software. A virtual articulator using mean values is most often implemented in dental CAD software to design any proposed restorations. As errors could be introduced at this design stage, intraoral adjustments and corrections are often needed during the provisional stage. Assembling a virtual patient and designing the restorations bringing the patients’ own mandibular movement to the scene could: ● Help design the most appropriate tooth shapes and occlusal morphology ● Lead to increased predictability from virtual design to actual outcomes ● Save chair time as less adjustments are generally needed ● Add the missing link to the digital workflow The use of a virtual patient model incorporating the patients’ own jaw motion during dental CAD procedures will contribute towards the optimal design and manufacturing of restorations leading to successful long term clinical outcomes.

EVALUATE ESTHETIC SATISFACTION OF PATIENTS WITH METAL-CERAMIC RESTORATIONS IN THE ANTERIOR MAXILLA

Objective:&#x0D; To determine esthetic satisfaction of patients provided with metal ceramic fixed restorations in the anterior maxilla.&#x0D; Materials and Methods:&#x0D; A cross sectional study was carried out from February 2015 to March 2016 at the Department of Prosthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar. A total of 159 subjects were observed by using 28% proportion of satisfaction with fixed partial dentures by using WHO sample size calculator. Moreover, nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was used for data collection. Patients after giving informed consent were asked to evaluate their metal ceramic fixed restorations by looking at them in a wall mounted mirror from a conversation distance. The score pointed out by the patient for each of the three aspects of aesthetics (shade, shape and texture) of the restoration was recorded. These were summed to document the overall score assigned to restoration. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.&#x0D; Results:&#x0D; Out of total of 159,the mean age of the participants included in the study was 31.71±7.88 (SD) years. Males comprised 40.3% of the participants. Majority of patients i.e. 69 (43.4%) were in the age group 31-40. Majority of the patients 59 (37.1%) were poorly satisfied with their maxillary anterior metal ceramic restorations, 42 (26.4%) patients showed moderate satisfaction with their restorations. Higher frequency (49.1%) of poor satisfaction levels with the maxillary anterior metal ceramic fixed partial dentures was found in the age group 20-30 years. Gender stratification showed no significant statistical difference.&#x0D; Conclusion:&#x0D; Aesthetic attitude towards the anterior metal ceramic fixed restorations differed with the differing age groups, with the ageing subjects more satisfied with their anterior restorations than younger subjects. This must be recognized in treatment planning for future restorations.

Dental Implantation And Its Classification

Dental implantation is a procedure of implanting an implant in the jawbone of the patient with subsequent prosthetics of their crowns, bridge or conditionally removable dentures. The implant is a pre-trained artificial construct that is embedded in the tissue of the jaw for future restorations. Implants are designed to replace the roots of lost teeth, allowing in the future restoring the dentition. The following article explores the process of implantation.

Effect of Complete Dentures on Facial Soft Tissue Volume: A 3D Comparative Study.

To investigate the volumetric facial soft tissue changes associated with wearing complete dentures using 3D face scans. Forty volunteers, 20 men and 20 women, were recruited for the study and treated with maxillary and mandibular complete dentures. Six facial scans were taken of each subject. Three scans were wearing a complete denture, and three without them. The 3D face scans were captured with the volunteers in three mouth positions: closed, relaxed, and smiling. Each scan was superimposed in order to analyze and quantify the linear measurements of 14 soft tissue landmarks and the total volume that the subject gained with the prosthesis. Three variables were evaluated in each analysis: gender, mouth attitude, and age category. In the analysis of the soft tissue landmarks, there was a significant effect of age, with patients older than 75 years showing the greatest changes (P < .05). The landmarks that showed the most changes were those located around the mouth. In the volume analysis, the variable with the highest influence was gender, with men gaining more volume than women (P < .05). Complete dentures have a significant effect on volumetric change in perioral tissues. These changes are marked in patients older than 75 years. Compared to women, men depicted greater volumetric changes with complete dentures. These results open a new avenue for clinicians and developers using face scans to design future restorations for edentulous patients.

La lacuna di Notre-Dame come paradigma della complessità Imparare dai restauri ottocenteschi per l'intervento sul contemporaneo

The architectural preservation project regarding Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris in the mid-19th century by Lassus and Viollet-le-Duc constitutes a case-study of great interest not only for the analysis of the constructional choices that led to the final result but, above all, for the design managing and attitude that the two architects have maintained throughout the course of the intervention on the building. Analysing these restorations, and in particular the design methodology on the building, it could be of high interest due to the future restorations that the building will undergo, following the fire of April 2019. The main purpose of this article is therefore to make a careful critique of the design approach of restorations that are only apparently stylistic, in order to understand how the transformation of an asset is an architectural intervention that requires clear methodological rules in order to achieve the objectives related not only to the transformation or completion of the asset but also to its enhancement.

La lacuna di Notre-Dame come paradigma della complessità Imparare dai restauri ottocenteschi per l'intervento sul contemporaneo

The architectural preservation project regarding Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris in the mid-19th century by Lassus and Viollet-le-Duc constitutes a case-study of great interest not only for the analysis of the constructional choices that led to the final result but, above all, for the design managing and attitude that the two architects have maintained throughout the course of the intervention on the building. Analysing these restorations, and in particular the design methodology on the building, it could be of high interest due to the future restorations that the building will undergo, following the fire of April 2019. The main purpose of this article is therefore to make a careful critique of the design approach of restorations that are only apparently stylistic, in order to understand how the transformation of an asset is an architectural intervention that requires clear methodological rules in order to achieve the objectives related not only to the transformation or completion of the asset but also to its enhancement.

Методология, методика, опыт работ по сохранению и приспособлению для современного использования парка Усадьбы Михалково. Часть 2

На примере работ по сохранению объекта культурного на­следия (ОКН) регионального значения «Усадьба Михалково» в Москве рассмотрены методология и методика проектирова­ния парковой реставрации и задачи их совершенствования.&#x0D; В 1784-1788 годах в Михалкове в стиле «псевдоготики» был построен архитектурный ансамбль парадного двора (архитектор В.И. Баженов) и устроен обширный пейзажный парк, куда вошли уже существовавшие в ту пору регулярный парк с копаными прудами и Головинские пруды.&#x0D; Площадь ОКН «Усадьба Михалково» более 50 га. «Ядро усадьбы», включающее ансамбль парадного двора с регулярным парком - ОКН федерального значения, имеет площадь около 8 га.&#x0D; Анализ архивных материалов и натурные обследования показали, что архитектурно-пространственная и ландшафтная организация изучаемого произведения СПИ соответствуют основным принципам создания русских пейзажных парков этого периода, особенно парков, характерных для творчества В.И. Баженова и его последователей.&#x0D; На примере ОКН «Усадьба Михалково» показано, как про­счёты в оценке композиционных «особенностей» пейзажных парков, их сохранности, отсутствие в «предмете охраны» цен­ных элементов ландшафта могут негативно влиять на резуль­таты парковой реставрации. Для Михалково рекомендовано углублённое изучение композиционных особенностей пей­зажного парка, доработка «предмета охраны», исправление недостатков недавно выполненной парковой реставрации. Изучение опыта выполненных работ по реставрации и при­способлению к современному использованию имеет значение как для будущих реставраций рассматриваемого парка, так и для других исторических парков.

Методология, методика, опыт работ по сохранению и приспособлению для современного использования парка усадьбы Михалково. Часть 1

На примере работ по сохранению объекта культурного на­следия (ОКН) регионального значения «Усадьба Михалково» в Москве рассмотрены методология и методика проектирова­ния парковой реставрации и задачи их совершенствования.&#x0D; В 1784-1788 годах в Михалкове в стиле «псевдоготики» был построен архитектурный ансамбль парадного двора (архитектор В.И. Баженов) и устроен обширный пейзажный парк, куда вошли уже существовавшие в ту пору регулярный парк с копаными прудами и Головинские пруды.&#x0D; Площадь ОКН «Усадьба Михалково» более 50 га. «Ядро усадьбы», включающее ансамбль парадного двора с регулярным парком - ОКН федерального значения, имеет площадь около 8 га.&#x0D; Анализ архивных материалов и натурные обследования показали, что архитектурно-пространственная и ландшафтная организация изучаемого произведения СПИ соответствуют основным принципам создания русских пейзажных парков этого периода, особенно парков, характерных для творчества В.И. Баженова и его последователей.&#x0D; На примере ОКН «Усадьба Михалково» показано, как про­счёты в оценке композиционных «особенностей» пейзажных парков, их сохранности, отсутствие в «предмете охраны» цен­ных элементов ландшафта могут негативно влиять на резуль­таты парковой реставрации. Для Михалково рекомендовано углублённое изучение композиционных особенностей пей­зажного парка, доработка «предмета охраны», исправление недостатков недавно выполненной парковой реставрации. Изучение опыта выполненных работ по реставрации и при­способлению к современному использованию имеет значение как для будущих реставраций рассматриваемого парка, так и для других исторических парков.

Evaluating the Effects of River and Stream Restorations: Evidence from Recreational Fishing

River restorations are increasingly used worldwide as conservation measures and environmental policy tools. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of compelling empirical evidence that river restorations achieve policy goals. Exploiting a unique dataset of fishing trips combined with structural, spatial, and temporal data on restorations, we study the effects of restorations on catch rate, a measurable ecosystem service, and then evaluate the welfare consequences of these changes. We provide robust evidence that restorations lead to persistent increases in catch rates that generate a monetary value of over $600,000 annually for a proposed set of future restorations.