Future Perspectives Research Articles

Organoids Research for Colorectal Cancer: Promising Approach for Precision Medicine, their Applications and Future Perspectives

Background: Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) constructs designed to emulate the complexity and functionality of organs in the body. Organoids have recently been used as powerful instruments for modeling and investigating several diseases, including colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is caused by altering colonic epithelial cells, which produce adenomas and carcinomas. Objective: The objective of present study was to investigate impact of organoids on colorectal cancer and their therapeutic outcome in cancer research. Organoids can be grown from stem cells in vitro, which closely resemble the structure and function of the organ they are derived from. They have been used in a variety of research applications, including disease modeling, drug screening, and personalized medicine. Organoids have allowed researchers to understand better the mechanisms underlying colorectal cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. Methods: The literature review was surveyed, and keywords related to cancer management, organoids, modelling, personized medicine, 3D structures were screened for colorectal cancer management were screened in SCI-hub, SCOPUS, WOS, and ABC Journals. Results: The findings of studies suggested that organoids derived from patient tumors can recapitulate the histopathology and genetic alterations of the original tumor, making them a valuable tool for personalized medicine. Conclusion: Organoids have been used to develop high-throughput drug screening assays and investigate the tumor microenvironment's contribution to colorectal cancer progression. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of organoids to study colorectal cancer and discuss their potential applications in the clinic.

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Dermatological Application: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspective

Abstract:: Dermatological disease states have psychological impacts that affect a patient’s life. In the management of such disorders, topical delivery has an important role. However, the conven-tional topical delivery systems suffer from various limitations, like skin irritation, a minute quan-tity of drugs reaching disease sites, and over and under medication, which leads to an adverse re-action and therapeutic failure, respectively. Therefore, researchers continuously search for an al-ternate delivery system for treating skin disease. In recent years, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have emanated as promising carrier systems for topical delivery. The current review pro-vides an in-depth insight into topical administration for treating a variety of dermatological issues using NLCs as a carrier. This review highlights the suitability of NLCs as carriers for topical de-livery, their method of preparation, and their characterization. In the present review, the main emphasis has been given to the management of various dermatological problems by using NLCs as a carrier; a plethora of literature investigating NLC as the carrier for topical delivery has been included in this review. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide a summary of the re-search carried out in this field that will encourage further research in this arena.

Nanoformulations Insights: A Novel Paradigm for Antifungal Therapies and Future Perspectives.

Currently, fungal infections are becoming more prevalent worldwide. Subsequently, many antifungal agents are available to cure diseases like pemphigus, athlete's foot, acne, psoriasis, hyperpigmentation, albinism, and skin cancer. Still, they fall short due to pitfalls in physiochemical properties. Conventional medications like lotion, creams, ointments, poultices, and gels are available for antifungal therapy but present many shortcomings. They are associated with drug retention and poor penetration problems, resulting in drug resistance, hypersensitivity, and diminished efficacy. On the contrary, nanoformulations have gained tremendous potential in overcoming the drawbacks of conventional delivery. Furthermore, the potential breakthroughs of nanoformulations are site-specific targeting. It has improved bioavailability, patient-tailored approach, reduced drug retention and hypersensitivity, and improved skin penetration. Nowadays, nanoformulations are gaining popularity for antifungal therapy against superficial skin infections. Nanoformulations-based liposomes, niosomes, nanosponges, solid lipid nanoparticles, and potential applications have been explored for antifungal therapy due to enhanced activity and reduced toxicity. Researchers are now more focused on developing patient-oriented target-based nano delivery to cover the lacunas of conventional treatment with higher immune stimulatory effects. Future direction involves the construction of novel nanotherapeutic devices, nanorobotics, and robust methods. In addition, for the preparations of nanoformulations for clinical studies, animal modeling solves the problems of antifungal therapy. This review describes insights into various superficial fungal skin infections and their potential applications, nanocarrier-based drug delivery, and mechanism of action. In addition, it focuses on regulatory considerations, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, clinical trials, patents, challenges, and future inputs for researchers to improve antifungal therapy.

Cancer Stem Cells and Treatment of Cancer: An Update and Future Perspectives.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in tumour progression and metastasis. Stem cell ability of self-renewal enables it to persist over time, thereby contributing to cancer relapse or recurrence and also resistance to current therapies. Therefore, targeting CSCs emerged as a promising strategy of cancer treatment. CSCs exhibit differentiation, self-renewal, and plasticity, they contribute to formation of malignant tumours, also favors, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. Coventional cancer treatments predominantly target cancer cells that are not CSCs, CSCs frequently survive, eventually leading to relapse. This article focuses on the development of novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional treatments and CSC inhibitors to eradicate cancer cells and CSCs, for the better and permanent treatment. However, the diversity of CSCs is a significant obstacle in the development of CSC-targeted therapies, necessitating extensive research for a better understanding and exploration of therapeutic approaches. Future development of CSC-targeted therapies will rely heavily on overcoming this obstacle.

Future of Earthquake-Based Disaster Logistics and Futuristic Approaches

Disasters that occur in the world can be caused by natural as well as human-induced factors. These disasters cause damage to cities, villages, and inhabited areas, and also result in loss of life and property. Accurately and effectively planned disaster logistics management activities are crucial during these moments when life comes to a halt. Today, it is evident that cities suffer damage or even face extinction due to deficiencies in planning, coordination, and opportunities within these practices. To mitigate the consequences of disasters and minimize damage, it is essential to always be prepared for such events and manage them well before, during, and after they occur. Disaster logistics practices should be dynamic and tailored to the specific event, suitable for addressing the situation at hand. Each disaster requires a unique set of solutions that depend on the area and geography affected. Therefore, disaster logistics must adopt and develop new approaches with a sustainable perspective. Given that earthquakes are among the disasters that occur frequently in our country, there is a critical need to create earthquake-based disaster management and action plans. Looking at disaster logistics from a futuristic perspective, it is clear that digital transformation technologies can have a significant and beneficial impact, making disaster logistics services more efficient, innovative, and solution oriented. The study conducted a literature review within the framework of qualitative research methodology, providing a detailed analysis of the role of digital transformation technologies in earthquake logistics processes. The literature review was conducted by reviewing relevant academic articles, reports, books, and scientific research. Special emphasis was placed on studies published in the last 10 years, focusing on the intersection of disaster logistics and digital transformation technologies.

Answering populist attacks on psychosocial ideas: why Fromm matters more than Marcuse

The reactionary American intellectual Christopher Rufo has made German critical theorist Herbert Marcuse the centre of his campaign to purge the American academy of radical ideas and movements. Marcuse’s ideas have significant influence in contemporary psychosocial scholarship, so attacks on his work may have negative consequences for psychosocial scholars. Rufo’s critique of the influence of Marcuse’s ideas is mostly exaggerated but it contains elements of truth. This article will outline ways in which some of Marcuse’s ideas are echoed in elements of the contemporary left/liberal intellectual and political orthodoxy. We revisit the Fromm/Marcuse debate from the 1950s, and offer an analysis of why Rufo might have picked Marcuse for attack when Fromm might well have been a viable target, as Fromm was in the 1980s when he was famously scapegoated by Allan Bloom in The Closing of the American Mind (1987). I then offer an analysis of how Erich Fromm’s alternative psychosocial radicalism can help better defend the psychosocial perspective in mass politics than Marcuse’s framework. Fromm’s framework also offer a theoretical foundation for radical psychosocial studies that can help our field defend itself against the new McCarthyism of Rufo and his allies on the global right who are likely to attack radical psychosocial perspectives in the near future.

Novel Biomaterials Based Strategies for Neurodegeneration: Recent Advancements and Future Prospects.

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, pose significant challenges for effective treatment due to the complex nature of the central nervous system and the limited delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems offer promising strategies to overcome these challenges and improve therapeutic outcomes. These systems utilize various biomaterials, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and implants, to deliver drugs, genes, or cells to the affected regions of the brain. They provide advantages such as targeted delivery, controlled release, and protection of therapeutic agents. This review examines the role of biomaterials in drug delivery for neurodegeneration, discussing different biomaterialbased approaches, including surface modification, encapsulation, and functionalization techniques. Furthermore, it explores the challenges, future perspectives, and potential impact of biomaterialbased drug delivery systems in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.

Herbal Medicinal Nanoformulations for Psoriasis Treatment: Current State of Knowledge and Future Directions

Background: Psoriasis is a persistent immune system disorder that influences the skin, leading to red, flaky patches that can be painful and irritated. Objective: Traditional treatments for psoriasis, such as topical creams and oral medications, may be effective but also have potential side effects. Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to treat skin conditions, and advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of herbal nanoformulations that offer several advantages over traditional herbal remedies, such as efficacy, safety, and targeted delivery. Methods: The studies and reviews published under the title were looked up in several databases (including PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar). Results: Several herbal nanoformulations, including those containing curcumin, aloe vera, and neem, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory impacts, which will be useful within the treatment of psoriasis. However, more study is required to decide the efficacy and safety of these details, as well as the optimal dosing, duration of treatment, and potential side effects. Conclusion: Overall, herbal nanoformulations represent a promising area of research for the treatment of psoriasis, and may offer a safe and effective alternative or adjunct therapy to conventional treatments. This review article summarizes the present state of information for the herbal nanoformulations role in the treatment of psoriasis and their future perspectives.

Nucleoside Scaffolds and Carborane Clusters for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Developments and Future Perspective.

Nucleosides containing carboranes are one of the most important boron delivery agents for boron neutron capture therapy, BNCT, which are good substrates of hTK1. The development of several nucleosides containing carboranes at early stages led to the discovery of the first generation of 3CTAs by incorporating a hydrocarbon spacer between the thymidine scaffold and carborane cluster and attaching dihydroxylpropyl group on the second carbon (C2) atom of the carborane cluster (e.g., N5 and N5-2OH). Phosphorylation rate, tumor cellular uptake, and retention have been evaluated in parallel to change the length of the tether arm of spacers in these compounds. Many attempts were reported and discussed to overcome the disadvantage of the first generation of 3CTAs by a) incorporating modified spacers between thymidine and carborane clusters, such as ethyleneoxide, polyhydroxyl, triazole, and tetrazole units, b) attaching hydrophilic groups at C2 of the carborane cluster, c) transforming lipophilic closo-carboranes to hydrophilic nidocarborane. The previous modifications represented the second generation of 3CTAs to improve the hydrogen bond formation with the hTK1 active site. Moreover, amino acid prodrugs were developed to enhance biological and physicochemical properties. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of carboranyl thymidine analogues led to the roadmap for the development of the 3rd generation of the 3CTAs for BNCT.

A Novel Phytocolorant, Neoxanthin, as a Potent Chemopreventive: Current Progress and Future Prospects.

Cancer is a general term for a group of similar diseases. It is a combined process that results from an accumulation of abnormalities at different biological levels, which involves changes at both genetic and biochemical levels in the cells. Several modifiable risk factors for each type of cancer include heredity, age, and institutional screening guidelines, including colonoscopy, mammograms, prostate-specific antigen testing, etc., which an individual cannot modify. Although a wide range of resources is available for cancer drugs and developmental studies, the cases are supposed to increase by about 70% in the next two decades due to environmental factors commonly driven by the way of living. The drugs used in cancer prevention are not entirely safe, have potential side effects and are generally unsuitable owing to substantial monetary costs. Interventions during the initiation and progression of cancer can prevent, diminish, or stop the transformation of healthy cells on the way to malignancy. Diet modifications are one of the most promising lifestyle changes that can decrease the threat of cancer development by nearly 40%. Neoxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment found in many microalgae and macroalgae, having significant anti-cancer, antioxidant and chemo-preventive activity. In this review, we have focused on the anti-cancer activity of neoxanthin on different cell lines and its cancer-preventive activity concerning obesity and oxidative stress. In addition to this, the preclinical studies and future perspectives are also discussed in this review.

Deleterious Biological Effects of Endocrine Disruptors: An Insight into Human Health Risks.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental pollutants. Since EDCs are present in various consumer products, contamination of human beings is very common. EDCs have deleterious effects on various systems of the body, especially the endocrine and reproductive systems. EDCs interfere with the synthesis, metabolism, binding, or cellular responses of natural estrogens and alter various pathways. Biological samples such as blood, saliva, milk, placental tissue, and hair are frequently used for biomonitoring and the detection of EDCs. Early detection and intervention may help in preventing congenital anomalies and birth defects. The common methods for determining the presence of EDCs in body fluids include gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Understanding the health effects and dangers of EDC is important, given their widespread use. This mini-review aims to summarize the adverse biological effects of several important classes of EDCs and highlights future perspectives for appropriate control.

Digitalization in Italian SMEs: the transformation of marketing channels

AbstractThe evolution of marketing channel management and the integration of digital technologies in the overall marketing architecture have been deeply examined in the SME literature. Even if in academia the opportunities of digital in terms of performance, growth, and competitiveness are well recognized, in practice, SMEs are not always ready to fully exploit the potential of new technologies, reshaping their channels’ structure and strategies. In this paper, we display insights into the transformation and management of marketing channels for Italian manufacturing medium-sized enterprises. The study explores if and how “Made in Italy” companies are introducing digital channels in their market strategy, aiming at an omnichannel management perspective. We conduct a two-stage research design involving manufacturing medium-sized enterprises acting in the typical “Made in Italy” sectors: a Grounded Delphi Method with semi-structured interviews and the collection of data by a survey. We contribute to extending prior literature by presenting the enablers and barriers of specific marketing channels in the overall architecture and the main reasons for improving an omnichannel perspective in the perspective of the near future. In particular, the research identifies that Made in Italy medium-sized enterprises rest on decisions about adopting and managing specific channels and developing an omnichannel perspective on firm-specific and owner-managerial factors, while resource-related and environmental factors can be overcome, in particular, thanks to new partners. Based on this analysis, we then recommend specific research avenues to stimulate and advance further investigations.

NEP 2020 REVISITING, REIMAGINING & REVAMPING HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA: VISION 2047

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a visionary document that aims to transform the education system in India, including higher education, with a futuristic perspective towards the year 2047. This paper discusses the key proposals and recommendations of the NEP 2020 and its potential impact on higher education in India. The NEP 2020 emphasizes the importance of digital adoption, research, and innovation in higher education and promotes flexibility and choice in course selection. The paper also highlights the proactive steps taken by the government of Madhya Pradesh in implementing the NEP 2020 recommendations. The focus on online platforms, high-quality digital content, and credit transfer systems could improve access to education, especially for students in remote areas. Furthermore, the promotion of research and innovation could lead to economic growth and development by encouraging collaboration between universities, industry, and other institutions. Overall, the NEP 2020 has the potential to revolutionize higher education in India and make it more equitable, holistic, and experiential.

Advanced Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Combating and Preventing Paediatric Periodontal Disease

: The oral route is the most common route of administration of drugs. Over 90% of all the available marketed pharmaceutical products are oral formulations. Oral drugs are used in different courses of treatment including the prevention of tooth decay. Tooth decay is the permanent damage of the enamel which leads to the formation of cavities. It can be prevented with good oral hygiene and enough fluorides in the body. Fluorides can be administered both topically (toothpastes) and systemically (supplements). Fluoride supplements fall under oral drug delivery systems. They come in the form of tablets, lozenges, and liquids. However, challenges are faced when it comes to oral drug delivery in children. The development of paediatric drugs is a difficult undertaking since many pharmaceutically active compounds have low water solubility, instability, or an unpleasant taste. Children are unable to tolerate bitter or unpleasant- tasting formulations, as well as huge pills and capsules. Due to various biological, biochemical, and physical barriers faced by oral drug delivery systems, new approaches have been developed to address these challenges such as the application of nanotechnology in drug development. Jellies for oral administration on the other hand are a new approach for the delivery of drugs with bitter tastes as well as for age groups such as children and elders. They are clear, translucent, or non-greasy semisolid products that can be used both externally and internally. In-depth, aspects of these factors will be discussed in this review paper including oral dosage forms for paediatrics, tooth decay and its pathogenesis, preventive measures and setbacks of each measure as well as the future perspectives.

Recent advancements in novel formulations of anti-psoriatic agents for effective delivery: clinical importance and patent survey.

Objectives An autoimmune-mediated dermatological ailment featuring recurrent episodes is acknowledged as psoriasis. Around the world, 2-3% of people suffer from this autoimmune skin condition. The primary goal of the current review is to analyse and determine the effectiveness of conventional and emerging nano technological strategies to alleviate psoriasis and discuss future perspectives. Evidence acquisition A thorough search of numerous electronic databases, including Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials, Google Patents, Research Gate, and PubMed, yielded all the data used in this review paper about the management of psoriasis via various anti-psoriatic agent and nanotechnology approaches. Keywords such as topical, liposomes, niosomes, micro needles, clinical trials, patents, pathogenesis, biosimilars, cytokines, and other pertinent words were investigated. Results Nano technological approaches are gaining prominence since they enable targeted delivery, rapid onset of action with limited systemic exposure. Researchers have investigated innovative, alternative therapeutic approaches that are both secure and efficient for treating psoriatic conditions. Further, the potential role of numerous psoriatic conventional therapies has been explored. The patents granted or in process to address psoriasis via topical route have been well explored. Modern nanotechnology has made it possible for pharmaceuticals to be delivered with improved physical, chemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic qualities. Despite extensive research complete cure for psoriasis is hampered. Conclusion Relying on the extensive literature review, it can be inferred that nanoparticles based novel delivery strategies have the possibility of enhancing the pharmacological activity and eliminating or resolving problems associated with this ailment. The different drug delivery systems available for the treatment of psoriasis along with the clinical trials in different stages, patents in process and granted, the commercialized status of therapeutic molecules, and the future of research in this area have been thoroughly reviewed.

Exploring Carbon Dots: Green Nanomaterials for Unconventional Lasing.

In recent years, the progress toward lighting miniaturization is focused on luminescent nanomaterials. Among them, fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are receiving increasing attention thanks to their astonishing optical properties complemented by their intrinsic biocompatibility and low toxicity. The CDs can be easily dispersed in water, organic solvents or incorporated in polymeric matrices, preserving their emission properties. However, the relationship between their structural and optical properties is still not fully elucidated, motivating a consistent research effort for the comprehension of their features. Nevertheless, CDs demonstrate to be efficient gain materials for lasing, thanks to their high quantum yield (QY), emission tunability in the visible and near infrared (NIR) range, short lifetimes, and high absorption cross section, even if the synthetic reproducibility, the low reaction yield and the spectral width of the emission may limit their effective exploitation. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the investigation of the characteristic properties of CDs that make laser action possible, illustrating optical geometries for lasing and random lasing, both in solution and solid state, and the few currently demonstrated breakthroughs. While the journey toward their effective application is still long, the potential of CD-based laser sources is promising in various technological fields and futuristic perspectives will be discussed.

Industrial Metaverse: A proactive human-robot collaboration perspective

Human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience are becoming core values in modern manufacturing, with human–robot collaboration (HRC) in high demand for flexible automation. However, human–robotic swarms are typically designed to target one specific procedure and cannot fully share their autonomy. The Metaverse, characterized by socialized avatars in a virtual-physical fused world, holds the promise of Proactive HRC. In line with this evolutionary roadmap, this paper presents a futuristic perspective on the industrial Metaverse for Proactive HRC and identifies its six embodiments. A representative universe that supports online and offline human users/operators in the design, machining, and maintenance of aeroengine turbine blades is introduced to spark and accelerate future implementation of the industrial Metaverse for Proactive HRC. The current challenges and future opportunities of this paradigm are also highlighted. It is hoped that this work can attract further investigation and discussions, providing useful insights to both academic and industrial practitioners in smart manufacturing.

3D Bioprinting Photo-Crosslinkable Hydrogels for Bone and Cartilage Repair.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a promising strategy for bone manufacturing, with excellent control over geometry and microarchitectures of the scaffolds. The bioprinting ink for bone and cartilage engineering has thus become the key to developing 3D constructs for bone and cartilage defect repair. Maintaining the balance of cellular viability, drugs or cytokines’ function, and mechanical integrity is critical for constructing 3D bone and/or cartilage scaffolds. Photo-crosslinkable hydrogel is one of the most promising materials in tissue engineering; it can respond to light and induce structural or morphological transition. The biocompatibility, easy fabrication, as well as controllable mechanical and degradation properties of photo-crosslinkable hydrogel can meet various requirements of the bone and cartilage scaffolds, which enable it to serve as an effective bio-ink for 3D bioprinting. Here, in this review, we first introduce commonly used photo-crosslinkable hydrogel materials and additives (such as nanomaterials, functional cells, and drugs/cytokine), and then discuss the applications of the 3D bioprinted photo-crosslinkable hydrogel scaffolds for bone and cartilage engineering. Finally, we conclude the review with future perspectives about the development of 3D bioprinting photo-crosslinkable hydrogels in bone and cartilage engineering.

Acute Bronchiolitis: The Less, the Better?

Acute bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower respiratory tract affecting infants aged under 12 months, variably presenting with respiratory distress, diffuse crackles and inflammatory wheezing. The main causative agent is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). The diagnosis is clinical and treatment mainly supportive. Despite the availability of more than 30 international guidelines, consistent management recommendations are lacking and considerable variability in patients' care persists among different providers. To review and describe current knowledge about epidemiology, physiopathology, clinic, diagnosis and management of acute bronchiolitis, with particular emphasis on updated evidence and future perspectives in terms of treatment and prevention. We searched Cochrane for systematic reviews and PubMed for scientific articles published in the last 10 years, using a combination of the following search terms: "bronchiolitis", "respiratory syncytial virus", "epidemiology", "risk factors", "severity", "diagnosis", "clinic", "diagnostic imaging", "management", "asthma", "wheezing", "bronchodilator", "steroids", "hypertonic saline", "oxygen", "blood gas analysis", "HHHFNC", "rehydration", "enteral feeding", "parenteral hydration", "prevention", "vaccine" and "COVID-19 or SARS-CoV2". We accordingly performed a deep and extensive selection of the most updated and considerable literature on the matter, summarizing the most significant evidence concerning all aspects of acute bronchiolitis (epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis, management and prevention). Furthermore, we examined references and available guidelines from UK, USA, Canada, Italy and Spain. Results are extensively discussed below. Although acute bronchiolitis has been a widely known disease for decades, its therapeutic approach remained unchanged and essentially limited to respiratory and metabolic support. Despite the abundance of studies, there is no significant evidence concerning therapeutic alternatives (e.g. steroids, inhaled hypertonic solution), which are therefore not recommended. According to most recent data, "acute bronchiolitis" definition encompasses a plethora of different clinical entities related to each subject's genetic and immune predisposition. Therefore, future research should focus on the precise characterization of such subcategories in order to individualize therapeutic management and ensure the most appropriate evidence-based care.

SMAC Mimetics for the Treatment of Lung Carcinoma: Present Development and Future Prospects.

Uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, which originate from lung tissue often lead to lung carcinoma and are more likely due to smoking as well as inhaled environmental toxins. It is widely recognized that tumour cells evade the ability of natural programmed death (apoptosis) and facilitates tumour progression and metastasis. Therefore investigating and targeting the apoptosis pathway is being utilized as one of the best approaches for decades. This review describes the emergence of SMAC mimetic drugs as a treatment approach, its possibilities to synergize the response along with current limitations as well as future perspective therapy for lung cancer. Articles were analysed using search engines and databases namely Pubmed and Scopus. Under cancerous circumstances, the level of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) gets elevated, which suppresses the pathway of programmed cell death, plus supports the proliferation of lung cancer. As it is a major apoptosis regulator, natural drugs that imitate the IAP antagonistic response like SMAC mimetic agents/Diablo have been identified to trigger cell death. SMAC i.e. second mitochondria activators of caspases is a molecule produced by mitochondria, stimulates apoptosis by neutralizing/inhibiting IAP and prevents its potential responsible for the activation of caspases. Various preclinical data have proven that these agents elicit the death of lung tumour cells. Apart from inducing apoptosis, these also sensitize the cancer cells toward other effective anticancer approaches like chemo, radio, or immunotherapies. There are many SMAC mimetic agents such as birinapant, BV-6, LCL161, and JP 1201, which have been identified for diagnosis as well as treatment purposes in lung cancer and are also under clinical investigation. SMAC mimetics acts in a restorative way in the prevention of lung cancer.