Future Historians Research Articles

COVID-19 in Perspective: A Witness Seminar1.

In June 2023, we brought together leaders who responded to the emergency phase COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario as part of a "Witness Seminar." This approach to studying history was developed by the Institute of Contemporary British History. It has been extensively used in the history of science and medicine by the Wellcome Trust History of Twentieth Century Medicine. A witness seminar provides a collective oral history, in which participants can express diverse perspectives, build on each other's thoughts, and create a documentary record for policy makers and future historians. The published transcript provides an intimate look at how the pandemic played out in the eyes of some of key responders and raises many questions about the history of public health funding and administration in the province of Ontario, the failures in long-term care, and the need to improve pandemic communication. This article documents the success of the pandemic response.

On Pandemics Being Productive

ABSTRACT: How can and do pandemic events become productive for everyday human experiences of death and dying? This social thought and commentary piece’s central argument examines the productive potential of pandemics, specifically COVID-19, by focusing on the early impact of the coronavirus in 2020 and its longer-term ripple effects. By grounding this personal essay in these early reflections on an extremely intense period of both personal and global chaos, it is possible to begin discussing what future historians, anthropologists, and academics in related fields might glimpse when looking backward. It is also important to begin understanding how future pandemic response plans will emerge, building on the failures of 2020, in order to manage yet unknown global pandemics. One key takeaway for this planning work is to avoid defaulting into the essay’s core theoretical point, a concept I call virological determinism, where societal inequalities amplifying pandemic-related effects are entirely blamed on a virus and not the underlying social conditions caused by government negligence. By reflecting on the productive possibilities created by pandemics, it is also then possible to begin understanding how many more people died during the early years of COVID-19 than ever needed to.

Мотивация студентов гуманитарных специальностей к изучению иностранных языков: изменения и тенденции

Introduction. In teaching foreign languages to Russian students there is a tendency of decreasing motivation in learning European languages because of changes in the geopolitical situation. The aim of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the changes in students’motivation to learn English at Petrozavodsk State University from 2019 to 2022. Theoretical analysis. A comparative analysis of Russian and foreign studies shows that low motivation to learn prevents students from achieving high results. The motivational sphere is influenced by such objective and subjective factors as profession, age, gender, learning environment, and university curriculum. Empirical analysis. The study revealed two different trends. If the future historians, political scientists, and social workers still show their interest in learning English for the purpose of self-education and self-realization, then among the students specializing in “Tourism” the decrease in motivation, caused by the reduction of opportunities to use English in their professional activities in the near future, was recorded. Conclusion. The authors conclude that the task of stimulating students’ interest in learning European languages in Russian universities and the search for new non-standard methods of teaching foreign languages does not lose its relevance.

The Narrative Construction of National Identity in Nadine Gordimer’s July’s People

At a time when Gordimer was writing her short stories and novels which stretched over four decades beginning from the 1940s to the 1990s, several historical and political events were taking place in South Africa. Gordimer’s entire oeuvre of fiction was her way of responding to those historical and political events that unfolded in the country. Many writers and critics believed that the history of the Nationalist Government from 1948 onwards has been faithfully recorded by the novels of Nadine Gordimer and they “will provide the future historian with all the evidence required to evaluate the price that has been paid by the people”. (Green, 563) She published her first collection of short stories in 1949, a year after the first Nationalist Government was elected to power. Her body of work from 1949 to 2000 covers the entire period of apartheid in South Africa. Therefore, she was a writer with serious intent and meant to convey through her novels her rigid stand against apartheid. The term ‘apartheid’ means ‘apartness’, a policy meant to segregate people on the foundation of their race and colour. In The Essential Gesture: Writing, Politics and Places (1988), Gordimer noted that it was not the “problems” of her country that set her to writing; rather, it was learning to write that sent her “falling, falling through the surface of the South African way of life”. (Gordimer 1988, p. 272) This paper shall attempt to study how Gordimer constructs identity in her novel July’s People (1981). The paper posits that the most important theme in Gordimer’s novels has been identity, an issue that she has been dealing with since her childhood, due to her situation as the daughter of immigrant parents, and living and writing in South Africa at a time when her country was divided based on colour.

Historical contextualization of the site selection process for the German high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repository as a tool for information and awareness preservation

Abstract. It is always the same old story – after a couple of years most people cannot remember how decisions in nuclear waste disposal were made because many important documents are not available to the public as they have not been officially archived or are not accessible. This is why site selection Act § 6 requires nuclear waste organizations not only to store, but also to publish those documents. So, the Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung (BGE) provides information about all the relevant documents on the BGE website (https://www.bge.de/de/endlagersuche/wesentliche-unterlagen/, last access: 25 July 2023) and gives them to the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE), which publishes them on the following website: https://www.endlagersuche-infoplattform.de/webs/Endlagersuche/DE/_home/home_node.html (last access: 25 July 2023). For the siting process, the BGE knowledge management works on methods to keep the relevant information at least for the next generation – as a first step in the process of long-term preservation, which is the task of the BASE. When we set up the historical contextualization project, our idea was not only to create an archive platform of the relevant BGE-internal and BGE-external documents on the siting process such as papers, letters, minutes, files, logs, and geological data, but also to show how the documents relate to each other. In order to do this, we had to take the historical background into account. At first, we began exclusively with the files and the eyewitness accounts of our site selection department, but we became increasingly aware that we also have to consider the interactions between all stakeholders involved in the site selection procedure. The presentation will show techniques and examples of how all information from documents, eye witnesses, and other sources can be saved and related to each other in order to understand how and why decisions have developed in a certain direction. A set of cohesive storylines, central documents, and oral history methods taken from contemporary historical research forms the background for this historical contextualization. A storyline consists of chronological actions in a certain topic, e.g. the writing of the sub-areas' interim report. The most important actions that are part of the storylines are related to the most important documents. Oral history methods are used for interviews with eyewitnesses to elicit their tacit knowledge and to reflect on the historical background and their emotions. The aim is not to create documentation from the BGE's perspective only, but also to collect a variety of perspectives as reservoirs of information for future historians, who can create a broader historical image from them. Another goal is to keep an open mind with regard to the multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches of future social scientists.

Experimenting with Humans and Animals: from Aristotle to Crispr, second edition

Experimenting with Humans and Animals: from Aristotle to Crispr, second edition

Roundtable on Michael J. Hollerich, Making Christian History: Eusebius of Caesarea and His Readers (Oakland: University of California Press, 2021)

Few topics are more germane to this journal than the writing of ecclesiastical history, and no figure has had greater influence on the development of this genre than the bishop and scholar, Eusebius of Caesarea. In his masterful study of Eusebius and his readers from the late ancient to the modern era, Michael Hollerich has done a great service to all historians of Christianity. A work of reception history, the book begins with a chapter on Eusebius's life and work, focusing on his Ecclesiastical History and its relation to his Chronicle as well as other historical and non-historical genres with which he engaged. Subsequent chapters examine the reception of his work in the Christian Roman Empire of late antiquity, the non-Greek East, the medieval Latin West, and Byzantium, before turning to the rediscovery of Eusebius in diverse early modern contexts and his reception in modern scholarship including the implications of his historiographical work for future historians. The essays that comprise this roundtable, followed by the author's response, continue this important conversation about Eusebius and his legacy.

Review: Imperial Zions: Religion, Race, and Family in the American West and the Pacific, by Amanda Hendrix-Komoto

Book Review| May 01 2023 Review: Imperial Zions: Religion, Race, and Family in the American West and the Pacific, by Amanda Hendrix-Komoto Imperial Zions: Religion, Race, and Family in the American West and the Pacific. By Amanda Hendrix-Komoto. (Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2022. 282 pp.) Tisa Wenger Tisa Wenger Yale University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2023) 92 (2): 315–316. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.315 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Tisa Wenger; Review: Imperial Zions: Religion, Race, and Family in the American West and the Pacific, by Amanda Hendrix-Komoto. Pacific Historical Review 1 May 2023; 92 (2): 315–316. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.315 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search The field of Mormon studies was once isolated, in Jan Shipps’s memorable phrase, like a “donut hole” in the larger field of U.S. Western history. Today, although many historians remain uncomfortable with the subject of religion, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is no longer uniquely set apart. With Imperial Zions, Amanda Hendrix-Komoto adds to a burgeoning scholarship that locates Latter-day Saints as very much a part of the history of empire-building in the American West and across the Pacific world. And while the book is unevenly argued, it raises an essential set of questions that future historians of this church will be unable to ignore. Hendrix-Komoto aims to connect the Latter-day Saints’ distinctive theology and practice of plural marriage with their simultaneous participation in U.S. imperial expansion. Ideas about gender and the family, she notes, were (and still are) inextricably tied up with the racial hierarchies... You do not currently have access to this content.

Historians and High School Students as Partners: Community-based Learning Experiences as a Tool for Democratizing Research

AbstractThere is a great need for new practices to match evolving theories in decolonizing and democratizing the field of African history. This article is a report on a research practice undertaken in the Central Region of Ghana in which researchers worked with teachers to deliver a community-based history experience for high school teachers. The historians contributed lessons in methodology as well as an approach that valued the students as co-creators. Students selected their own research topics and produced original interpretations for their community. The evidence from this intervention suggests benefits for researchers, students, and community members. Although it required a great deal of preparation and learning on the part of the historians, this kind of practice may build community confidence in the researcher, foster valuable partnerships, produce more accurate information and interpretations, and nurture the development of future historians from local communities.

Reflections on the use of patient records: Privacy, ethics, and reparations in the history of psychiatry.

One of the most common questions we get asked as historians of psychiatry is "do you have access to patient records?" Why are people so fascinated with the psychiatric patient record? Do people assume they are or should be available? Does access to the patient record actually tell us anything new about the history of psychiatry? And if we did have them, what can, or should we do with them? In the push to both decolonize and personalize the history of psychiatry, as well as make some kind of account or reparation for past mistakes, how can we proceed in an ethical manner that respects the privacy of people in the past who never imagined their intensely personal psychiatric encounter as subject for future historians? In this paper, we want to think through some of the issues that we deal with as white historians of psychiatry especially at the intersection of privacy, ethics, and racism. We present our thoughts as a conversation, structured around questions we have posed for ourselves, and building on discussions we have had together over the past few years. We hope that they act as a catalyst for further discussion in the field.

Професор Анатолій Філінюк у сузір’ї провідних українських істориків (до 70-річчя від дня народження та 45-річчя науково-педагогічної діяльності)

It is impossible to give a true analysis of modern historical science and Ukrainian higher education achievements without clarifying their personal component, determining the most talented and productive part of scientists; serious shift s in the mentioned fi elds are thought to be possible in the past, present and future only with such personalities whose heritage determine the way of history. Doctor of historical sciences, professor, academician of the National Academy of Higher Education of Ukraine Anatolii Hryhorovych Filiniuk belongs to this circle. Th e purpose of the article is to highlight the main milestones of the Professor Filiniuk Anatolii Hryhorovych’s life and his creative path, his professional development as a scientist-historian, professor of History of Ukraine Department, Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University, doctor of historical sciences, his contribution to the development of science and the prosperity of his native university. The research is based on available scientifi c works, as well as partly archival and fresh informa- tional, unpublished materials. Th e methodological basis of the research is the principles of his- toricism, objectivity and systematicity. Prosopographic, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, retrospective, historical-comparative, synchronic and diachronic methods are the most widely used. Scientifi c novelty consists of new material in the Professor’s biographical sketch, which has not been the subject of attention of predecessors yet and the gained information allows to present the scientifi c and pedagogical portrait of the scientist in the most complete and meaningful way. Conclusions. Anatolii Hryhorovych Filiniuk, within the course of 70 years of his life and profes- sional career, has developed as a decent, humanistic, colourful, integral and well-organized person, a decent citizen and a tireless employee of a higher education institution, who has achieved high standards results in various management and teaching positions, thereby realizing his impressive potential as a manager, scientist, educator, public fi gure. As a talented historian, teacher, intel- lectual, humanist and patriot, a strong, goal-oriented, highly organized, powerful personality in organizational, scientifi c, educational, public and human dimensions, he has constantly been crea- ting new scientifi c ideas, projects. Professor is believed to have taken care of the high quality level of future historians. Being totally rooted for Ukraine its present and future with his soul and heart, Filiniuk A.H. strives for his native land an unshakable faith in better times to come for science, higher education, and the entire society. His serious contribution to the development of Ukraine history, historical local studies, training of scientifi c and teaching personnel testify to the great ta- lent of a scientist and leader who is capable of solving the most diffi cult tasks. Th e presented life and professional experience of the jubilee is considered to be interesting and useful for academic youth, developing scientists, representatives of the educational sphere, and everyone who loves and respects Ukraine.

From the Archive to the Computer: Michel Foucault and the Digital Humanities

Michel Foucault famously introduced the method of “discourse analysis” in the humanities, especially in historiography. In his Archaeology of Knowledge, originally published in 1969, in particular, Foucault argues for making the history of knowledge the object of discourse analyses. In the context of the current surge of interest in discourse analysis in the field of computer science, however, there are hardly any references to Foucault, partly because he never defined a methodological process that could be operationalized. Nonetheless we argue for re-reading the Archaeology of Knowledge in the context of computer science and the digital humanities. As a matter of fact, there are considerable affinities between Foucault’s search for the regularities of discourse and current projects dealing with the digitization of texts, their indexing, distributional features, stylometry, etc. We show that these projects were already quite prominent in Foucault’s day, to the point that historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie could assert, in 1968, that “the future historian will be a programmer.” A year later, Foucault’s Archaeology of Knowledge actively responded and constructively took up the challenge – which, given the recent advances in machine learning and computational linguistics, strikes us as a crucial move today.

Dateline 1977: The LHRT as Connective Tissue

Dateline 1977: The LHRT as Connective Tissue

History and the Catholic Sixties: A Work in Progress

The 1960s continue to fascinate historians and scholars, although their understandings of the decade’s meaning differ dramatically. The same is true for the Catholic Sixties. To date, no comprehensive history exists of the Catholic Sixties, although much has been written. Catholic scholars, such as Donald Thorman, Daniel Callahan, and John Noonan, among others, wrote seminal works during the 1960s, establishing the initial lens through which scholars came to view the decade. In 1972, three important works were published by David J. O’Brien, James Hitchcock, and Garry Wills; all three provided decidedly different approaches and critiques of the decade and all have influenced contemporary understandings of the decade. Several scholars provided interpretive schemas through which future historians may organize the decade, with Mark Massa’s work being the most important. Other historians focused on one aspect of the Sixties, which contributed to a deeper understanding. The many scholars and historians who have written to date provide much for future historians to consider.

Black Snake: Standing Rock, the Dakota Access Pipeline, and Environmental Justice by Katherine Wiltenburg Todrys

Reviewed by: Black Snake: Standing Rock, the Dakota Access Pipeline, and Environmental Justice by Katherine Wiltenburg Todrys Claire Patton Katherine Wiltenburg Todrys, Black Snake: Standing Rock, the Dakota Access Pipeline, and Environmental Justice. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2021. xii, 352 pp. $24.95 (paper). For good reason, historians are fond of quoting William Faulkner's famous observation from his novel Requiem for a Nun, "The past is never dead. It's not even past." Few recent events demonstrate the ability of the past to motivate action in the present than the 2014–17 opposition to the Dakota Access Pipeline. Katherine Wiltenburg Todrys's Black Snake: Standing Rock, the Dakota Access Pipeline, and Environmental Justice follows the stories of four Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara (MHA) Nation women and their work protesting the pipeline near the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota. This work shows that the past is inextricably tied to the present and that the legacies of settler colonialism still present themselves in the twenty-first century. Most importantly, this book shows how history creates the present we live in and that Native peoples remain active in confronting threats to their land. This book situates the protests against the pipeline in a long tradition of Indigenous activism and a continuation of the American Indian Movement of the late twentieth century. Although the pipeline did not cross current Standing Rock Reservation boundaries, it did go through land that historically belonged to the Lakota, as confirmed by the United States in the Fort Laramie Treaties of 1851 and 1868. The United States subsequently annexed much of this land, creating five separate reservations, including [End Page 208] Standing Rock, by 1890. Moreover, the pipeline went under the primary water source for the reservation, a direct threat to the people living there. The book follows the stories of Lisa DeVille, Jasilyn Charger, LaDonna Brave Bull Allard, and Kandi White, with a separate section dedicated to each of these women. The book moves in a linear fashion, beginning in the early 2010s before culminating with the major public protests of 2016–17. Each section, in addition to telling the story of its respective activist, describes a portion of the protest. The primary connection with Native American history is found in the title of the book, the story of the black snake. According to Lakota tradition, a black snake would enter their land bringing death and destruction, starting with the water supply (90). It is a brilliant connection which could have elevated the book's storytelling. Unfortunately, Todrys missed this opportunity. The story comes too late in the book to be an effective metaphor; retelling this legend at the beginning and alluding to it again in at later chapters would have made for a more cohesive narrative. Additionally, the separation of the book into four sections is not a terribly effective technique. The overall story seems to stand without the women as the main framework, and each section ends up discussing all four women anyway. The book would have worked better if the separations had been delineated temporally, allowing the author to move between the four women more freely. One stumbling block the uninitiated reader must overcome is understanding how companies produce oil. The book might have alleviated this by containing a brief section on how companies produce oil and why there were so many spills with this pipeline. This would have helped reinforce the danger that life on the reservation was, and is, in. A timeline would also have helped clarify the sequence of events. As a final critique, it would have been fascinating to look at Indigenous water rights activism through the lens of borderlands studies. This field explores how different entities interact at their borders and how events on one side of the border affect the other side. Perhaps future historians can continue this scholarship through that framework. Todrys fully acknowledges the story is a sad one and wonders what the impact of the pipeline will be many years from now. Readers wanting a more hopeful ending will be disappointed. The activists did not achieve their end; the pipeline still ran. In the end, Black Snake: Standing Rock, the Dakota Access Pipeline...

“Doctors for Export”: Medical Migration from Ireland, c.1860–1960 by Greta Jones

Reviewed by: “Doctors for Export”: Medical Migration from Ireland, c.1860–1960 by Greta Jones Ian Miller Greta Jones. “Doctors for Export”: Medical Migration from Ireland, c.1860–1960. Clio Medica. Leiden: Brill, 2022. xiv + 248 pp. €119.00 (978-9-0043-2445-9). The Irish have a long-standing tradition of migrating, and it comes as no surprise that trained medical workers followed this broader trend. Research pertaining to Irish migration and medicine has thus far focused on mental health issues or the physical health problems that less affluent migrants found themselves exposed to, particularly during the Famine (1845–52). In “Doctors for Export”: Medical Migration from Ireland, c.1860–1960, Greta Jones makes a hugely important contribution by shifting the focus toward skilled, often middle-class, doctors who, for various reasons, sought professional work outside of the island where they had trained. [End Page 163] Doctors for Export covers considerable ground, commencing in the nineteenth century at a time when Dublin, for a brief period, was a leading western medical center. However, times changed. After the Famine, it became more usual for doctors trained in Ireland to seek employment in other parts of the world. Jones explores this phenomenon up until the 1960s, taking the reader through a turbulent century of tense Anglo-Irish relations, independence (for the south of Ireland), partition, conflict, and enormous upheaval in social relations. As well as exploring the peculiarities of Irish medical migration, Jones also reflects upon the more general issues that arise when doctors leave one country to practice in another. Themes of supply and demand also recur throughout the book. For what reasons do some countries accept doctors from outside their borders? One of many impressive aspects of Doctors for Export is its usefulness as a gateway into Irish medical history for general readers who might be unfamiliar with the ins-and-outs of Ireland. An opening chapter takes us through the development of Irish medical institutions in the nineteenth century. Then, as now, Catholic-Protestant relations shaped medical provision. Hospitals in cities such as Belfast often took on either a Protestant or Catholic identity. Traditional centers of medical training such as Trinity College Dublin were viewed negatively as a haven for Protestants. This segregation of medical institutions produced an abundance of hospitals that ended up contributing to an over-supply of trained doctors. If there simply wasn’t enough work for trained medical students in Ireland, then many decided to look elsewhere. Given the nature of anti-British sentiment across the period in question, it seems ironic that many Irish people secured employment in the British Empire. This rang true too for trained Irish doctors, many of whom joined either the armed services or the British colonial medical services. The Indian Medical Service proved particularly appealing, a theme Jones explores with impeccable detail. Inevitably, the broader narrative of Doctors for Export changes with the partition of Ireland in 1921, which ultimately created two distinct medical systems operating on one island. In the north, Protestant culture now predominated in the medical profession, while a strong Catholic ethos permeated medical activity south of the border. Regardless, many trained doctors still continued to migrate to Britain and elsewhere seeking professional work. In addition to Britain, many doctors emigrated to America. Jones devotes a detailed chapter to America and reveals the complexities of migrating to a country that demanded high-quality, skilled, and fully trained medical migrants. Doctors for Export is a hugely impressive contribution to both Irish and global medical historiography. The book benefits from a truly rich level of qualitative and quantitative research and thorough analysis that is attentive to sensitive matters such as Irish identity. Jones writes with clarity, ensuring that this book will appeal to a wide audience and undoubtedly end up being essential reading for students and scholars alike. As well as appealing to medical historians, Doctors for Export will attract positive attention from scholars working in cognate areas such as the history of migration. Toward the end, Jones hints at an intriguing post-Second World War history of medical migration into, rather than out of, Ireland, and it would [End Page 164] be fascinating for future historians...

The origins of the Lamberg family in Carniola (with an emphasis on the Kamen and Gutenberg family lines)

The Lamberg family appeared in Carniola in the second third of the fourteenth century. Their fertility and shrewd political acumen paved the path to their social ascension and territorial expansion. By the sixteenth century, they had made their way into the most prominent offices in the administration of the Carniolan provincial estates. One of the most competent representatives of the family was Baron Jakob from the Kamen line, who is believed to have written the first family genealogy in 1559. This document, combined with another contemporaneous record, became the main source for future genealogists and historians who uncritically copied it, including the erroneous data that are presented, explained, and corrected in the contribution at hand. Then follows the biographical presentation of the family based on preserved sources. The article also presents the members of the family of ministeriales from Rittersberg, who were presumably the predecessors of the Lambergs.

Application of artificial intelligence technologies in historical education

The possibilities of using artificial intelligence technologies in the training of future historians are considered. As you know, the most popular AI chatbot currently is the ChatGPT application. Unfortunately, access to this service for users from Russia and Belarus is currently limited. However, there are many third–party applications that are free from such restrictions that use the ChatGPT API and perform similar tasks. The article analyzes three of the most interesting and useful of these services: Phind.com, Talkai.info, Explainlikeimfive.io. A detailed overview of each application and possible options for its use in the educational process are offered.

«BETWEEN HISTORY AND POLITICS»: LIVING AND INTELLECTUAL SPACES OF THE UKRAINIAN EMIGRÉ HISTORIAN IVAN LYSIAK-RUDNYTSKYI (1919–1984)

The article informs that Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytskyi was born in the family of famous Ukrainian public and political figures Pavlo Lysiak and Milena Rudnytska. His childhood and youth were spent in Lviv, where he graduated from gymnasium and studied at the university. The outlook of the future historian and teacher was formed under the influence of the traditions of Western European liberalism. It is emphasised that I. Lysiak-Rudnytskiy always took part in public life. He collaborated with the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences and Arts in the USA and was an active member of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Canada. He also showed himself as a talented journalist. Throughout his life, he contributed to Ukrainian emigration periodical publications, in particular, the newspaper «Ukrainska Pravda» and the magazine «Zustrichi, he was also an employee of «Suchasnosti». Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytskiy is the author of about 200 scientific works on the new and modern history of Ukraine, the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation and Ukrainian political thought of the 19th and 20th centuries. The article analyzes such of his works as «Intellectual beginnings of new Ukraine» (1958), «The Fourth Universal and its ideological predecessors» (1968, 1977), «Notes on the problem of “historical” and “non-historical” nations» (1981), «The political opinion of Ukrainian sub-Soviet dissidents» (1981) and others. It was found that the historian expressed original opinions about the ancient and new history of Ukraine and put forward an original analytical scheme for Ukrainian nation-building. He substantiated the thesis about the «breaks», «dying and reviving» of the Ukrainian nation. At the same time, the researcher proposed to distinguish between the concept of the people as an ethnic unit and the nation as a political entity. The people are the basis for the formation of the nation. The scientist understood the content and essence of Ukrainian history as the interaction of the people and the nation. National revival of the 19th century. the scientist considered it as the beginning of the final, modern phase of the formation of the Ukrainian nation, after the princely and Cossack ones. It is noted that in his works, the professor demonstrated exceptional erudition in various humanitarian fields and examined the problems of the Ukrainian people’s past against the backdrop of world history, taking into account the methodological arsenal of Western historical science, which he masterfully possessed. It is stated that the philosophical depth and relevance of the topics, which balance «between history and politics», have assigned an important role to the works of I. Lysiak-Rudnytsky in historical science. Keywords Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytsky, historian-emigrant, publicist, educator.

Challenging times: a contribution to the history of ‘Education, decolonisation and international development at the Institute of Education (London)’

This article contributes to a preliminary historical and decolonial analysis of teaching and research in the field of education and international development at the UCL Institute of Education. The preliminary analysis, published as ‘Education, decolonisation and international development at the Institute of Education (London): a historical analysis’ by Elaine Unterhalter and Laila Kadiwal, appeared in the Special 120th Anniversary Issue of London Review of Education. That article and our response to it focus on the work of the Centre for Education and International Development, and its preceding organisational forms from 1927 onwards. In a responsive critique, we consider the evidence, methods, analysis and conclusions offered by Unterhalter and Kadiwal and identify a wide range of additional material on curriculum, staff, students and international partnerships that will be of value to future historians. Contemporary decolonial analysis is important for interpreting the history and for the future positioning of the Centre for Education and International Development, and the wider field of study. We conclude by identifying challenges for ongoing work in this area.