Future Civil Engineers Research Articles

Biogenic construction: The new era of civil engineering

With the increasing demand for buildings and infrastructures and the mounting challenges associated with the current construction technologies such as high emission, high pollution, and high energy consumption, the civil engineering profession is at the crossroad for a transformation or upgrading before it can be put into tasks for these challenges. Inspired by the concept of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, a new concept, biogenic construction, for civil engineering is proposed in this paper. The definition of biogenic construction is given. The framework and four components of biogenic construction are established. These include microbial construction, plant construction, animal construction, and bioinspired construction. Examples of each component are given. A new construction system for creating a more eco-friendly, healthier, and more sustainable environment for future civil engineering developments is also proposed.

DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE CIVIL ENGINEERS AS A SUBJECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH

The article analyzes scientific sources on the problem of developing project competencies of future civil engineers. Methods of research applied: the study of scientific research on the development of project competencies ‒ to identify the spectrum and interdisciplinary nature of the problem; abstraction, systematization and grouping ‒ to identify approaches to studying the problem of development of project competencies of future civil engineers and its relevance; theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature regarding the study of the scientific fund; inductive-deductive methods and the method of generalization ‒ to determine the essence of concepts regarding the competence approach and the structure of project competencies of future civil engineers; prognostic - to determine the prospects of studying a given problem; generalization - to formulate conclusions. The issue of the development of project competencies is multifaceted, in particular, there were determined directions of analysis of bibliographic sources, including the influence of global trends on the development of engineering education and the formation of general cultural and professional competencies of future civil engineers; historical and pedagogical aspects of the development of engineering education and the development of project competencies of future civil engineers; competence approach in the development of professional and personal qualities of a specialist; the role of information and communication technologies in ensuring the quality of engineering education. We concluded that the development of project competencies is an actual problem of our time and scientific research, which is aimed at the formation of a specialist not only for the performance of professional functions but also subject of professional activity, responsible for the results of activities, aware of goals, able to make decisions independently, striving for self-development and self-improvement in the professional field.

Addressing Generic Skills Gap for Future Civil Engineers in The 4th Industrial Revolution

Addressing Generic Skills Gap for Future Civil Engineers in The 4th Industrial Revolution

Application of High-performance Concrete in Civil Engineering

With the continuous improvement of modern civil engineering performance requirements on building materials, high-performance concrete (High-Performance Concrete, HPC) has become one of the key materials. This paper discusses the application of HPC in various civil engineering, and its innovative impact. HPC has played a key role in many major engineering projects for its extraordinary durability, high intensity and excellent working nature. First, the paper introduces the basic composition and performance characteristics of HPC, including its compressive strength, durability and rheological properties. The optimized formulation of HPC reduces the use of cement, and cement production is one of the major sources of carbon emissions. By using fly ash, silicon ash and other industrial by-products to replace part of the cement components, HPC not only improves its environmental friendliness, but also enhances the comprehensive performance of the material. Finally, the paper prospects the potential development of HPC in future civil engineering. With technological advances and increasing demand for environmentally friendly building materials, the improvement and application of HPC will continue to expand.

СОЦІАЛЬНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ ІНШОМОВНОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ІНЖЕНЕРІВ-БУДІВЕЛЬНИКІВ В УКРАЇНІ

This article is devoted to the study of the social preconditions for the development of foreign language professional competence by future civil engineers in the contemporary Ukrainian context. It examines the social factors influencing the need for foreign language learning, particularly English, among students of construction specialties in Ukrainian higher education institutions. The author analyzes the impact of globalization, international integration, technological development, and the current situation in the Ukrainian construction industry, driven by russian aggression, on the preparation of modern civil engineers. This study addresses the role of the English language in professional activities, focusing on accessing new technologies and materials, as well as effective communication with international partners and clients within the context of Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction. The article also explores the benefits of having high levels of foreign language professional competence, including increased competitiveness through access to foreign literature, international conferences, and seminars, allowing professionals to enhance their self-education and skills, thereby creating greater opportunities for career growth. The author analyzes the current state of professional training for future specialists in the construction industry and highlights the significance of foreign language proficiency for future civil engineers in the face of globalization and integration of the national construction market into the global context. Additionally, possible ways to increase the level of foreign language professional competence among students are discussed, along with recommendations for further development of this aspect within the Ukrainian education system. The findings of the research underscore the importance of integrating foreign language training into the curricula for civil engineers to ensure their readiness to meet the challenges and opportunities of contemporary Ukrainian and global markets.

Analysis on the application status and prospect of intellectualization and digitization in civil engineering

Nowadays civil engineering is facing the transformation of the combination of intelligent, digital and other modern new technologies. Civil engineering, as a traditional industry, may not be able to meet the efficiency and requirements of today's technological society. In order to adapt to the development of society, civil engineering is trying to transform to other disciplines. In recent decades, intellectualization and digitization have begun to affect the way civil engineering works and operates. In fact, intellectualization and digitalization can affect every stage of the whole civil engineering process, including the design stage, construction stage and service stage. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of intelligence and digitization in civil engineering. Some of the most important applications are listed and further explained, and the future development prospect is preliminarily analyzed and prospected. By enumerating the innovation brought by intelligence and digitalization to civil engineering, it inspires people to carry on more in-depth thinking, further adaptation and new adjustment to the future civil engineering.

Assessing coastal vulnerability and land use to sea level rise in Jeddah province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Sea level rise is one of the most serious outcomes of increasing temperatures, leading to coastal flooding, beach erosion, freshwater contamination, loss of coastal habitats, increased soil salinity, and risk of damage to coastal infrastructures. This study estimates the vulnerability to inundation for 2100 in coastal zones in Jeddah Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, under various sea level rise (SLR) scenarios of 1, 2, 5, and 10 m. The predicted flooding was estimated using a combination of factors, including SLR, the bathtub model, digital elevation model, climate scenarios, and land use and land cover. The climate scenarios used were Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios 1.9, 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. The results of the SLR scenarios of 1, 2, 5, and 10 m revealed that 1.6, 4.7, 14.9, and 30.6% (or 88, 214, 679, 1398 km2) of the study area's coast could be classified as inundated areas. The various SLR scenarios can inundate 3.3 to 34% of the road area/length. The inundated built-up and road areas were estimated to range between 0.31 and 0.79 km2, accounting respectively for 1.18 to 3.01% of the total class areas for 1-meter and 2-meter SLR scenarios. In contrast, the inundated area will be significant in the situation of 5 and 10 m SLR scenarios. Regarding the case of a 10-meter SLR scenario, the inundation will negatively impact the built-up and road infrastructure areas, inundating 8.9 km2, with industrial infrastructures affected by inundation estimated at 0.21 km2, followed by green space infrastructures at 0.013 km2. The spatial information based on various SLR scenario impact mapping for Jeddah Province can be highly valuable for decision-makers to better plan future civil engineering structures within the framework of sustainable development.

TECHNOLOGIES OF COMPUTER GEOMETRIC MODELING AS A MEANS OF MOTIVATING FUTURE CIVIL ENGINEERS FOR PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Computer geometric modeling is a necessary component of the design process in modern engineering. This is a technological process that allows you to create virtual objects and systems using computer programs and specialized algorithms. Computer geometric modeling is used in many fields of engineering, including construction, mechanical engineering, aviation, medicine, and others. One of the main tasks that can be solved with the help of computer geometric modeling is the design of buildings and structures. Construction is one of the most complex and costly industries, where ensuring the safety and efficiency of projects is a particularly important task. Computer geometric modeling allows civil engineers to create and analyze virtual 3D models of buildings, which greatly facilitates the design process and increases the quality and efficiency of projects.
 The purpose of this article is to study the importance of computer geometric modeling technologies for future civil engineers and their motivation for project activities.
 The article is devoted to the study of the impact of computer geometric modeling technologies on the motivation of future civil engineers for project activities. The authors consider the advantages of using these technologies in the educational process and examine the practical experience of their application. The article contains an overview of previous research in this area, a description of the importance of using computer geometric modeling to motivate engineering students, and prospects for further research into computer geometric modeling technologies in the engineering field. As a result of the study, it was established that the use of computer geometric modeling technologies has a positive effect on the motivation of future civil engineers for project activities. In particular, students showed greater interest and involvement in the learning process, which allows them to acquire more knowledge and skills in this field. The article describes methods and means of computer geometric modeling, such as CAD, BIM, and others, and shows their advantages in comparison with traditional design methods. In addition, the article examines the impact of the use of computer geometric modeling technologies on improving the quality of design activities and the efficiency of production of building structures. The results of the study can be useful for teachers and students working in the field of engineering education, as well as for professionals involved in design and construction. In general, the article will help expand our knowledge about the application of computer geometric modeling technologies in the modern engineering field and increase interest in their use in project activities.

Shallow seismic structure around the Vrancea Seismic Zone from joint inversion of ambient noise H/V ratios and surface wave dispersion

The South-East Carpathians in Romania host the Vrancea Seismic Zone (VSZ), an intraplate seismic nest of frequent high magnitude earthquakes that cause unusually high damage over extended areas. Estimating the amplification of seismic signals strongly depends on the depth to the geophysical bedrock and the complex near surface geological structures. To improve seismic hazard estimates and ultimately mitigate seismic risk, we determine the frequency of resonance at 81 broadband seismic stations in southeast Romania using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) of ambient seismic noise. We jointly invert HVSR functions with Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves using a Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm under the assumption of a diffuse field. Our results show excellent correlation between the fundamental frequency of resonance and local surface geology: stations located on foreland sedimentary basins show HVSR peaks in the range 0–1 Hz, while those located in orogenic nappes reach values as high as 10 Hz. Seismic bedrock topography mirrors the crystalline bedrock depth inferred from gravity modeling, but is consistently ∼2000 m shallower, corresponding to the interface between Paleozoic-Triassic to Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary levels on the Moesian Platform constrained by borehole data. The near surface seismic model shows anomalously low velocities in the Focsani forearc basin, adjacent to the VSZ, consistent with extremely low resonance frequencies and deep sedimentary layer successions (>5 km). In the back-arc of the Carpathian Orogen, at the contact with the Transylvanian Basin, average resonance frequencies are <2 Hz and inferred seismic bedrock depths vary laterally, likely affected by buried volcanic structures and diapiric salt domes. Our study presents the largest endeavor to study anomalous intensity patterns and local site effects in and around the VSZ and has fundamental implications for seismic risk evaluation and future civil engineering design planning.

Climate consciousness and behaviour of students of a civil engineering university: problems of education

The article addresses climate change and environmental degradation in many parts of the planet. Cities demonstrate an increase in air temperature; urban heat islets affect human health and rise mortality rates. This requires a change in an approach to urban planning and design, a modified of urban structure, which in turn require better environmental and climate education for students who are future civil engineers, urban planners and architects. The article discusses the results of a sociological survey conducted among students of National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NRU MGSU), which demonstrates their climate consciousness, understanding climate change triggers, as well as the willingness to combat the negative effects of climate change. The primary data, obtained in the course of the survey, were compared with the data other surveys, launched by the All-Russian Public opinion Research Centre (VCIOM), research holding ROMIR, and Eurobarometer. The conclusion was that some students of MGSU were poorly informed of the extent of climate change. In general, they judge correctly about their causes and consequences, take some actions to prevent and mitigate the scale of disasters, but that's not enough. It is necessary to improve environmental and climate education and practical training of students through improvement of educational programmes.

The climate is right for a fundamental change in civil engineering education

Since the industrial revolution, the civil engineers who created a built environment for a civilisation that is based on fossil fuel have been admired. For over 250 years, engineers have been educated and trained for the ‘upslope’ of using ever more resources to fuel engineering needs. However, there is now an urgent requirement to enter an era that is an order of magnitude shorter, and which is on the steep ‘downslope’ towards net-zero carbon dioxide by 2050 or earlier. The difference between what it meant to be an engineer on the upslope and what it means to be engineer on the downslope is colossal. The first step for all educators is to realise this, to embrace it and to be part of the solution by instilling a downslope mentality in engineering students. The Joint Board of Moderators (JBM) has recently reviewed and updated its guidelines for universities. It has placed the climate emergency central to the education of future civil engineers. This paper describes the background to, and details of, the changes made by the JBM. Given that creativity is enhanced through these additional challenges, what could possibly be more exciting for today's engineering students than knowing that they will lead the profession in achieving massive reductions in emissions, to the benefit of all humanity? The JBM, and society, require of civil engineering education that this ambition is fulfilled.

Preparation of future specialists in civil engineering: innovative standards for future education

The main vector of professional activity of specialists in the field of civil engineering is the improvement of living conditions in society. Realizing the importance of this sphere. To support the economy and competitive ability of the country, we seek to assess ways to improve the qualification capabilities of future specialists in this field. The actual modernization of the educational process and the use of innovative standards will contribute to the improvement of engineering education and, consequently, the professional activities of the latter. This article presents an analysis of the leading innovative standards in education and their specifics in the context of Jordanian higher education. The deductive-axiomatic method was applied in processing this topic: a fragmentation of the subject under study (the problem of distance learning, analysis of the latest teaching methods, trends in Europeanization of academic education, the problem of educational institutions management and interdisciplinary training of future specialists) was carried out. Besides, using the methods of abstraction and concretization, it was possible to form a model for improving the efficiency of the educational process for future civil engineering specialists. The empirical component of the study consists of a closed questionnaire survey. The method of student learning assessment (SET) was used. According to the results of the conducted research work, it can be noted that an effective direction of development for engineering education in Jordan is the formation of a new methodological basis and mastering of digital technologies. The European system of academic interaction, according to which decentralization trends are necessary, should serve as a reference point for educators. Recommendations on how to integrate certain elements into the existing system of professional training of civil engineers are presented.

Validating Resilience at University Scale with Future Civil Engineering and Construction Professionals

Validating Resilience at University Scale with Future Civil Engineering and Construction Professionals

Foreign Language as an Element of the Content of Professional Preparation of Future Civil Engineers in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the issues of the foreign language programme content in the preparation of future civil engineers to the educational and future professional activity. The content and the role of foreign language in the above-mentioned type of training are described. The purpose of the article is to create a programme scheme in the form of four units that will be invariant for all faculties and specialties of the Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture and similar institutions by summarizing the experience of domestic and foreign institutions of higher education. To this end, we used methods of subject analysis of the content of education in Ukrainian and foreign universities and methods of relevant selection of didactic material. Generalization of invariant and obligatory educational components and pedagogical modelling were used at creation of the scheme. The study resulted in development of a four-unit system: general education unit (basic knowledge of English); special unit (knowledge of major academic field, in this case civil engineering); culturological unit (general cultural and intercultural preparation for communication); business unit (ability to conduct business negotiations and solve non-engineering practical and economic issues). The international significance of the article lies in the fact that the developed scheme can become a basis for software development and its further diversification in countries with a transformative state of education.

Evaluation of Programme Outcomes Under the Psychomotor and Affective Domain for Diploma Civil Engineering Students Through Industrial Training: A Statistical Study from Employers' Perspective in Malaysia

The psychomotor and affective are important domains in Programme Out-comes (PO) and are used to assess the achievement of learning objectives. The psychomotor domain refers to performing motor activities accurately, smoothly, and quickly. The affective components are those personality and behavioural characteristics which focuses on feelings, emotions, and attitudes. Through industrial training, students are exposed to engineering practices, the real civil engineering environments and the ethical and communication skill required. This paper identified the employer's perspective on the students’ attainment for psychomotor and affective domains while undergoing industrial training. There were 272 students are involved in this study that undergoing the Industrial Training in session II 2019/2020. The portion of marks from the industry evaluation for the psychomotor domain is 40% and for the af-fective domain is 10%. The marks were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis to measure student’s performance. The Pearson correlation (r) was used to identify the relationship between each POs with related domain and the t-test analysis was completed to evaluate any significant difference be-tween the performance evaluation of male and female students. The result shows that most of the students were excellent in the psychomotor and affective domain. The r-value for each POs shows a moderately positive correlation. Therefore, the outcomes of this study can provide input to the faculty to improve the important elements of the psychomotor and affective domain to produce good quality of future civil engineering technical personnel.

DYNAMICS OF SPECIAL PSYCHOPHYSICAL READINESS OF FUTURE CIVIL ENGINEERS IN CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF TRAINING

The effectiveness of obtaining higher education is directly related not only to improving the learning process, but also to the quality of development of the student himself as an object of learning. This became especially evident during the transition to distance learning. Decrease in physical activity, lack of motivation to study and weakening of control on the part of the teacher, can lead to a decrease in students' professional and applied readiness. Therefore, the identification of the degree of psychophysical preparedness of future builders in different learning conditions will make it possible to create an electronic educational program that can improve the quality of the educational process and the level of development of the basic psychophysical qualities of future civil engineers.

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ БУДІВНИЦТВА В ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ З ФІЗИКИ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ БУДІВЕЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article considers the issue of improving the content of the discipline "Physics" in the training of future specialists in construction and civil engineering, taking into account the innovative processes occurring in construction. It is emphasized that new scientific technologies are increasingly integrated into construction and become the most popular, which necessitates qualitative changes in the training of specialists and their preparation for use in professional activities of the most advanced construction technologies from the first stages of higher education. t is determined that the main condition for the effective implementation of the latest technologies is to ensure a high level of qualification of all workers in the construction industry. It is emphasized that at the present stage of development of the construction industry the professional training of civil engineers is filled with new content and an important place in it is occupied by acquaintance of future specialists with the basics of the latest construction technologies. At the same time, it is noted that now there is a situation when due to the rapid progress of the construction industry, the training of specialists of a qualitatively new level does not keep up with the demand for them, which is growing steadily. It is noted that the globalization processes taking place in the world and lead to the fact that they lead to the inevitable integration of the construction industry of Ukraine in the world have a significant impact on the training of specialists. The necessity of revision of training programs for future civil engineers and improvement and deepening of their content through the introduction of information about the latest construction technologies is proved. Key words: educational process in physics, innovative construction technologies, professional training of civil engineers.

Electrical Resistivity Investigation of the Bedrock Geometry of the Northern Sector of Kujama Prison Farm Kaduna, Nigeria

An electrical resistivity investigation was carried to investigate the bedrock geometry of the northern part of Kujama Prisons Farm Kaduna using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. The study is aimed at obtaining information on the subsurface layering for future civil engineering works. The area covered was 200,000 sqm having five (5) profiles with six (6) geophysical investigative points on each profile and separated 100 m apart. Ohm-Mega resistivity meter was used for the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Thirty (30) points were established. To interpret the VES data, Res 1D iterative software, surfer 11 and Oasis Montaj software were used and it revealed three to five subsurface layers having Topsoil thickness between 0.3 - 2 m and resistivity between 104 - 4824 Ωm also, the last layer considered as the weathered/fractured/fresh basement has an infinite thickness with resistivity ranging from 45 - 10173 Ωm and the average overburden thickness of the area found to be 17.8 m. The VES found fresh basement at points A3(6151 ΩM), A6(5089 ΩM), B3(1067 ΩM), E5(10173 ΩM) and E6(1100 ΩM). From the study it is suggestive that the bedrock geometry has been irregularly configured over geological times due to effects of intense weathering. Therefore, the investigation revealed the study area may be considered for civil works of low bearing capacity.

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The article describes the results of a methodical experiment organized to test the effectiveness of the English language lexical competence formation of future civil engineers in professionally-oriented reading. Two methods of active reading (Know-Want-Learn (KWL) and Survey, Questions, Read, Recall, Review (SQ3R)) have been selected and substantiated for the experimental training. Exercises and tasks with authentic visualization of educational information have been developed. According to the hypothesis of the experiment, the formation of lexical competence of English language in professionally-oriented active reading for students of the field of knowledge 19 Architecture and construction, specialty 192 Construction and civil engineering will be effective provided by the using of a subsystem of exercises and tasks developed on the basis of authentic visualization of educational information and special selected authentical professionally-oriented texts; implementation of training at the pre-test, text, post-text stages on the basic of KWL and SQ3R methods of active reading. The experimental testing proves the effectiveness of the developed exercises and tasks and the presented methodology. The results of the efficiency of the methodology have been confirmed by the methods of mathematical statistics. Key words: methodological experiment, experimental training, results of the experiment, the formation of lexical competence, future civil engineers, professionally-oriented reading, active methods of reading.

Prevention through Design (PtD) Education for Future Civil Engineers in Malaysia: Current State, Challenges, and Way Forward

The lack of prevention through design (PtD) education in higher education institutions has long been recognised in construction literature. Despite the fact that some of the institutions have embedded PtD education in their curricula, it is often not addressed in engineering curricula in higher education institutions in developing countries, such as Malaysia. Due to the recent introduction of the Occupational Safety and Health in Construction Industry (Management) [OSHCI(M)] guideline, which is based on the PtD concept, the need to incorporate the PtD concept and skills in engineering programs is crucial, as part of early safety education for future engineers. In order to address this gap in the body of knowledge, this study aims to investigate the current state of safety education in general and PtD in specific, in order to understand the extent the subject has been covered within the curricula of civil engineering programs in Malaysian higher educational institutions. A qualitative research methodology via case studies of seven public universities was adopted. The findings indicated that not only is the level of PtD education in civil engineering programs almost nonexistent, but the occupational health and safety (OHS) education itself was only covered to a certain extent. This significant gap has led to recommendations including the need for institutional dynamism in the context of incorporating OHS subjects, interactive OHS teaching and learning, technology-driven education, and the improving the competency of OHS lecturers. This study could act as a reference for the industry, accreditation bodies, and educational institutions to understand the status quo of PtD education for future engineers towards OSHCI(M) implementation. The findings also extend the knowledge of PtD education in construction literature, subsequently providing insights for wider incorporation of PtD in civil engineering programs.