Wilt Fusarium Oxysporum Research Articles

Enhancing tomato plant immune responses to Fusarium wilt disease by red seaweed Jania sp.

The novelty of this study lies in demonstrating a new approach to control wilt diseases using Jania ethyl acetate extract. In the current investigation, the potential impacts of Jania sp. ethyl acetate extract (JE) on Tomato Fusarium oxysporum wilt (FOW) have been studied. The in vitro antifungal potential of JE against F. oxysporum (FO) was examined. GC–MS investigation of the JE revealed that, the compounds possessing fungicidal action were Phenol,2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-,acetate, Eugenol, Caryophyllene oxide, Isoespintanol, Cadinene, Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5à-ol and Copaen. Jania sp. ethyl acetate extract exhibited strong antifungal potential against FO, achieving a 20 mmzone of inhibition. In the experiment, two different methods were applied: soil irrigation (SI) and foliar application (FS) of JE. The results showed that both treatments reduced disease index present DIP by 20.83% and 33.33% respectively. The findings indicated that during FOW, proline, phenolics, and the antioxidant enzymes activity increased, while growth and photosynthetic pigments decreased. The morphological features, photosynthetic pigments, total phenol content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of infected plants improved when JE was applied through soil or foliar methods. It is interesting to note that the application of JE had a substantially less negative effect on the isozymes peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in tomato plants, compared to FOW. These reactions differed depending on whether JE was applied foliarly or via the soil. Finally, the use of Jania sp. could be utilized commercially as an ecologically acceptable method to protect tomato plants against FOW.

Exploration of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) chili plants in various field types in Indonesia: a case study in Kolaka Regency, and their relationship with Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease

The symbiotic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots provides benefits to the host plant. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is the most common disease on chili (Capsicum annuum), resulting in production losses of up to 50%. Until now, efforts to control wilt disease still rely on chemical control which has a negative impact on the environment.The purpose of this study was to examine the existence and number of Mycorrhizal spore morphology surrounding the roots of chili plants in three different types of fields in Kolaka Regency, as well as their relationship to Fusarium wilt. Plants were sampled from numerous chili farms in Kolaka Regency for this study, and the samples will be identified at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar.The proportion of infection, the amount of spores in the soil, and the incidence of fusarium wilt in chili were all measured. Mycorrhizae were found to infect chili roots and increase the amount of spores in three separate fields of chili plants. This demonstrates a link between mycorrhizae and chili roots, as well as the presence of spores in the soil and the kind of spores, Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp.The interaction between mycorrhizae and Fusarium oxysporum disease in chili plants, namely suppressing the acceleration rate of Fusarium oxysporum disease is said to occur but is considered low. Different field types significantly affect the characteristics of mycorrhizae and the growth of chili plants, especially those that are attacked by Fusarium oxysporum. The field type with the least spores were found in Sani- Sani Village, Samaturu District, Kolaka Regency.

An Effective Dose of Magnetic Field to Increase Sesame Plant Growth and Its Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Wilt

Globally, sesame consumption continues to increase, so it requires additional production to balance. Often there are obstacles in the production process, both technique and the presence of pests. One way to increase production is to treat it with a magnetic field during seed growth and germination. This study aims to determine the magnetic flux density (MFD) to obtain the optimal stem growth, chlorophyll content, fruit size, and plant resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. The seeds are processed by giving treatment using a MFD of 0.0-0.5 mT, which oscillates with a frequency of 50 Hz. Plant seeds were treated using a magnetic field every day for five days with a treatment time of 20 minutes each. The results showed that sesame seeds treated with magnetic fields had earlier emergence time of sprouts, higher stems, more chlorophyll content, faster flowering, larger fruit sizes, and more resistance to F. oxysporum wilt attacks. Treatment with a MFD of 0.3 mT resulted in optimal plant growth, health, and resistance to F. oxysporum attack. Treatment of seeds using magnetic fields ranging from wetting the seeds to germinating makes the plants healthier, bigger fruits, and more resistant to F. oxysporum wilt attacks.

KAJIAN PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU Fusarium oxysporum DENGAN Trichoderma sp. PADA TANAMAN CABAI

The study aims to determine the concentration of Trichoderma sp. effective for controlling Fusarium oxysporum wilt in chilli plants, which was carried out in Banguntapan Village, Banguntapan District, Bantul District, from March to October 2018. The study used a complete randomized block design consisting of 5 treatments of Trichoderma sp. ie 0.0 g, 2.50 g, 5.0 g, 7.50 g and 10.0 g biomass / m2 with 4 replications each treatment. Application was carried out by isolating the biomass of Trichoderma sp. inoculated in 2.5 kg of organic fertilizer / compost, then sprinkled on the ield before chilli seedlings were planted. Based on the analysis of the incubation period and the intensity of the attacks, showed that the treatment of Trichoderma sp. with a concentration of 10.0 g of biomass gave effective results and reduced the intensity of Fusarium oxysporum wilt attack by 12.15 percent. Keywords: Trichoderma sp., Fusarium oxysporum, concentration, attack intensity.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN Trichoderma Sp UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM PADA BEBERAPA JENIS PISANG DI LAHAN YANG TELAH TERINFEKSI

The experimental design used was a 4x4 factorial with 2 replications in a randomized block design (RAK) pattern. The first factor is the Type of Banana (J) consisting of 4 levels: J1 (Raja Banana ), J2 (Ambon Banana), J3 (Barangan Banana) and J4 (Geupok Banana). The second factor was the mixing of Trichoderma Sp with organic manure aplication (D) consisting of 4 levels: D0 (without trichoderma sp), D1 (200 g trichoderma sp in 4 kg manure), D2 (200 gr trichoderma sp in 8 kg manure), and D3 (200 gr trichoderma sp in 12 kg manure). Observations made include: Intensity of Fusarium oxysporum wilting attack, number of leaves, Leaf length and stem diameeter. The results showed that the type of banana had a very significant effect on the intensity of fusarium oxysporum wilt disease and the number of leaves, but no significant effect on the length and diameter of the stem. Barangan Bananas and Ambon Bananas show stronger resilience (more resistant to fusarium oxysporum wilt disease). While the Raja Banana and Geupok Bananas look more sensitive to the attack of the disease. The mixing of Trichoderma Sp with organic manure also significantly influenced the intensity of fusarium oxysporum wilt disease, number of banana leaf and leaf length, but no significant effect on stem diameter. The best dose is found in treatment D1, but not different from D2. An increase in the amount of organic matter manure

Suppression of soil-borne pathogens in container media amended with on-farm composted agro-bioenergy wastes and residues under glasshouse condition

The aim of this work was to assess the potential suppression of three on-farm green composts for controlling seven soil-borne pathogens in container media under greenhouse condition. Suppression of Pythium irregulare and Rhizoctonia solani damping-off of cucumber and bean, Phytophthora cinnamomi and Sclerotinia minor root rot of azalea and lettuce, and Fusarium oxysporum wilt of melon, tomato, and basil was studied on artificially inoculated seedlings. Three feedstocks of bioenergy wastes and agricultural residues were selected, on-farm composted, characterized, and tested for their suppressive properties by in vitro and in vivo experiments in comparison with one commercial compost from municipal solid biowaste. The composts showed differences in the suppressive properties when mixed with sterile peat at dosage of 35%. All green composts meanly suppressed P. irregulare damping-off of cucumber of 80%, R. solani damping-off of bean of 75%, P. cinnamomi root rot of azalea of 65%, and Fusarium wilt of up to 25%. The reference compost suppressed F. oxysporum wilt of melon, tomato, and basil from 60 to 70% and Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Phytophthora diseases up to 30%. All composts suppressed S. minor root rot of lettuce of 35%. Suppression of Pythium damping-off and Phytophthora root rot was related to the sum of the bioactivities of the fungi and bacteria of compost. Suppression of Rhizoctonia damping-off and F. oxysporum wilt was associated with the specific bioactivity of a restricted number of fungi (Trichoderma, Aspergillus) and bacteria (Pseudomonas, actinomycetes) species. Suppression of Sclerotinia root rot was not related to any one variable of composts.

Host-Induced Silencing of Pathogenicity Genes Enhances Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Wilt in Tomato.

This study presents a novel approach of controlling vascular wilt in tomato by RNAi expression directed to pathogenicity genes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Vascular wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici leads to qualitative and quantitative loss of the crop. Limitation in the existing control measures necessitates the development of alternative strategies to increase resistance in the plants against pathogens. Recent findings paved way to RNAi, as a promising method for silencing of pathogenicity genes in fungus and provided effective resistance against fungal pathogens. Here, two important pathogenicity genes FOW2, a Zn(II)2Cys6 family putative transcription regulator, and chsV, a putative myosin motor and a chitin synthase domain, were used for host-induced gene silencing through hairpinRNA cassettes of these genes against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. HairpinRNAs were assembled in appropriate binary vectors and transformed into tomato plant targeting FOW2 and chsV genes, for two highly pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum viz. TOFOL-IHBT and TOFOL-IVRI. Transgenic tomatoes were analyzed for possible attainment of resistance in transgenic lines against fungal infection. Eight transgenic lines expressing hairpinRNA cassettes showed trivial disease symptoms after 6-8weeks of infection. Hence, the host-induced posttranscriptional gene silencing of pathogenicity genes in transgenic tomato plants has enhanced their resistance to vascular wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum.

Characterization and antifungal properties of rhamnolipids produced by mangrove sediment bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain KVD-HM52

Abstract A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain KVD-HM52 exhibiting good emulsification activity (E24%) and oil spreading capacity was isolated from oil contaminated mangrove sediments. Biochemical characteristics and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene of the selected strain confirmed the isolate as P. aeruginosa. Highest biosurfactant production of 5.26 g/L was obtained in MSM supplemented with 2% molasses. TLC analysis of crude biosurfactant showed two characteristic spots of di-rhamnolipid and mono-rhamnolipid. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of aliphatic chain, hydroxyl groups, ester and glycosidic bonds. Presence of mono and di-rhamnolipidic structural analogues with molecular compositions of Rha-C10-C10 and Rha-Rha-C10-C10 were revealed from LC–MS coupled with ESI. The surface tension was reduced from 74.12 m Nm−1 to 33.03 m Nm−1 at 25 °C, at a CMC of 120 mg/mL. The purified RL biosurfactant of strain KVD-HM52 showed significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease in tomato plants. Application of 200 µg/L of purified rhamnolipid biosurfactant completely inhibited disease severity in tomato plants after 14 days. Biosurfactant being cost effective, low toxic and highly biodegradable can be efficiently used as a potential alternative to replace harmful agrochemicals.

Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) for chickpea Fusarium oxysporum wilt resistant genotypes using PCR based molecular markers.

The exploration of genetically superior accessions is the key source of germplasm conservation and potential breeding material for the future. To meet the demand of better yielding chickpea cultivars in Pakistan the present study was organized to select more stable and resistant lines from indigenous as well as exotic chickpea germplasm obtained from Plant Genetic Resource Institute (PGRI), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. For the identification and evaluation of chickpea wilt resistant lines against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Schlechtends), the germplasm was tested in the field for the selection of wilt resistant lines and the PCR based molecular markers were investigated to use Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) for selection of the desirable cultivars. In field trial, 70 % accessions were resistant to wilt disease, while the remaining 30 % have shown susceptibility to the disease. A total of 5 RAPD and 15 SSR markers were screened for molecular based characterization of wilt response. The data of molecular markers were scored by the presence (1) and absence (0) of allele and subjected to statistical analysis. The analysis was based on coefficient of molecular similarity using UPGMA and sorted the germplasm into two groups based on disease response. Among the total used RAPD/SSR primers, only TA194 SSR marker showed linkage to wilt resistant locus at 85 % probability. The linkage of a marker was reconfirmed by receiver operating characteristic curve. The use of the sorted wilt resistant genotypes through SSR marker TA194 can make available ample prospect in MAS breeding for yield improvement of the crop in Pakistan.

Protecting Cucumber from Fusarium Wilt with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biocontrol effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme on Fusarium oxysporum wilt disease of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The results indicated that both AMF improved the growth of cucumber seedlings and reduced disease severity, but G. versiforme was more efficient. Compared with nonmycorrhizal plants infected by F. oxysporum, shoots and roots dry weights increased by 100% and 80% in G. versiforme–inoculated plants, and the qualities of seedlings were significantly improved; meanwhile, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in shoots of G. versiforme–inoculated plants were significantly greater than those of G. mosseae–inoculated plants and nonmycorrhizal plants. Moreover, for mycorrhizal plants, soluble sugar and free proline contents in mycorrhizal roots were significantly greater than those of nonmycorrhizal treatment; however, malonaldehyde content in roots and the quantity of fungi in rhizosphere decreased when the plants were attacked by F. oxysporum.

Occurrence of Soil Suppressiveness toFusariumWilt Disease of Broad Bean in Ismailia Governorate

AbstractFusarium oxysporumwilt of broad beati was studied in nonsuppressive and suppressive soil. One hundred and fifty soil samples were collected from 10 cultivated and reclaimed fields. The disease response of the 10 fields showed great variation. Percentages of diseased plants ranged from 19 to 85%. Soil samples collected from field Fm2 (soil No. 6, suppressive) showed the lowest percentage of diseased plant (19%), while all other soils showed not less than 40% of diseased plants. When the 10 field soil samples were inoculated withF. oxysporumthey exhibited a high receptivity value (over 50% diseased plants) while Fm2 soil showed almost the least value (less than 10% diseased plants). The fungal flora of the soil samples was studied where 64 spp. belonging to 37 genera were recovered. While the lowest number was recorded in soil Pk1 (soil No. 2, nonsuppressive) the highest total and species counts was found in Fm2 soil. Chemical analysis revealed that chloride and calcium ions were higher in Fm2 soil. The number of chloride ions was higher than calcium ions in all samples. Sugar cane bagasse, an organic supplement, and autoclaving enhanced the wilt disease development and retarded the suppressiveness of Fm2 soil.