Fur Psychiatrie Research Articles

Franz Nissl (1860-1919), noted neuropsychiatrist and neuropathologist, staining the neuron, but not limiting it

ABSTRACTFranz Alexander Nissl carried out studies on mental and nervous disorders, as a clinician, but mainly as a pathologist, probably the most important of his time. He recognized changes in glial cells, blood elements, blood vessels and brain tissue in general, achieving this by using a special blue stain he himself developed - Nissl staining, while still a medical student. However, he did not accept the neuron theory supported by the new staining methods developed by Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Nissl had worked with the crème de la crème of German neuropsychiatry, including Alois Alzheimer, besides Emil Kraepelin, Korbinian Brodmann and Walther Spielmeyer. He became (1904), Kraepelin's successor as Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatric Clinic, in Heidelberg. Moreover, in 1918, the year before Nissl´s death, Kraepelin offered him a research position as head of the Histopathology Department of the newly founded “Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie” of the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, in Munich.

Grammatical Morphology in Aphasia: Evidence from Cantonese Classifiers

Grammatical Morphology in Aphasia: Evidence from Cantonese Classifiers

Musiktherapie im institutionellen Gefüge der Psychiatrie/ Music therapy within the institutional fabric of psychiatry

Abstract Music therapy in the clinical context participates in a wide variety of fields. This article elaborates the potential for dissonances and consonances in the institutional context of acute psychiatry. The focus is not on these phenomena in terms of theory of music, but on their psychological interpretation. Dissonance as discontent, resistance, bad mood, pressure, lack of respect. Consonance as responsible action, meaningful helping, a secure environment. The potential for dissonances and consonances is presented with reference to the ›Psychiatrie-Personalverordnung PsychPV‹ (Regulation of staff requirements in psychiatric clinics, legislation of 1990)1 and the recently introduced ›Pauschalierendes Entgeltsystem fur Psychiatrie und Psychosomatik PEPP‹ (Flat rate remuneration system in psychiatry and psychosomatics) as well as interdisciplinary cooperation and research

Changes in pituitary comorbidities of adult-onset craniopharyngioma depending on date of diagnosis

Conclusion We found significantly less post-operative pituitary insufficiencies and visual field defects in patients diagnosed after 1997. This might be a consequence of improved surgical approach. Furthermore, differences in tumor extension could be due to improvements in diagnostics and earlier treatment of craniopharyngioma. 1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munchen (Munich, Germany) 2 Max-Planck-Institut fur Psychiatrie, Kraepelinstrase 2-10, 80804 Munchen (Munich, Germany)

2011 Award Recipients — William W. Schlaepfer, MD and Leroy R. Sharer, MD

FIGURE. No caption available. William W. Schlaepfer, MD, trained in pathology and neuropathology at the Yale Medical School where he conducted a doctoral thesis on Alzheimer Type 2 astrocytes during experimental ammonium intoxication in rats under the tutelage of Elias E. Manuelidis. He completed his training at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Psychiatrie in Munich, Germany, a Mecca for classic neuropathology. While in Munich, he became interested in the ultrastructure of peripheral nerve and the nature of the axonal cytoskeleton. He continued his experimental studies on peripheral nerve as staff neuropathologist at Cornell and Washington University medical schools where he introduced teased fiber analyses of nerve biopsies for differentiating demyelinating and axonal neuropathies and for semiquantitative assessment of Wallerian degeneration. Key insight into the nature of Wallerian degeneration derived from observations that the granular disintegration of axonal cytoskeleton was simulated when frozen sections of rat peripheral nerve were placed in Ringer's solution but not in isotonic saline. These observations led to a collaborative study with Richard Bunge in the Anatomy Department of Washington University showing that transected neurites of cultured dorsal root ganglia do not undergo Wallerian degeneration when calcium ions are removed from the media. Subsequent studies showed that granular disintegration of axonal cytoskeleton and fragmentation of myelin on teased fiber preparation could be prevented in transected and excised nerve when bathed in media lacking calcium ions. In pursuit of the calcium story, Dr Schlaepfer used a Research Career Development Award to spend a year in the laboratory of Peter Baker in Cambridge, England. The neurophysiology laboratories at Cambridge were world-renowned for Nobel laureate personages and their landmark discoveries of ion movements during nerve conduction in the giant axons of squid. Peter Baker was their leading authority on the movements of calcium. Dr Schlaepfer was, indeed, a small fish in a very …

Psychiatry interdisciplinary: the Berlin Congress of Psychiatry

The German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DGPPN) has agreed once more this year to provide you with a printed taste of the annual DGPPN Congress in November 2010. For this purpose, we have chosen 18 of the major topics presented at Berlin to be part of this supplement of the EAPCN. Thereby, the articles are available for an international audience that is increasingly attracted by the conferences. While the event took place on a national level originally, professionals from our neighboring countries started to join in and spread the word. During the last two years, we supported this trend by offering an International Track with 25% of the sessions in English language continuously paralleling the German program. Simultaneous translation was provided for the most central events of the conference. We will continue and extend this service for our foreign guests. Over the years, the conference has developed into one of the most important events of its kind in Europe. In 2010, the Berlin Congress attracted well over 10,000 participants and offered 555 symposia, workshops, and other meetings. More than 20% of the attendees came from 50 countries other than Germany. Besides presenting a high professional standard, the Berlin Congress is an excellent opportunity to meet colleagues that you might not have seen in years and to exchange ideas in a pleasant and familiar atmosphere. To further support the international participation at the conference in 2010, we invited 250 psychiatric colleagues from eastern European Countries as well as an additional group of psychiatrists from Aserbaidschan to join our conference. We are confident that all these activities will make the Berlin Congress of Psychiatry more attractive and more colorful as well as increase its quality. At the same time, we strive to preserve the familiar atmosphere we have been used to for many years. In 2010, the conference theme was ‘‘Psychiatry interdisciplinary.’’ In a rather broad sense, we intended to address psychiatry in dialog with the other medical disciplines, the other sciences but also with society as a whole. It has taken a long time for psychiatry to arrive in the midst of medicine and science. Presently, we have the impression that psychiatry is approaching the middle of the society. The relevance of mental disorders is constantly growing. Some mental illnesses, for example depression, have gained social acceptance in the meantime. Others such as schizophrenia and substance dependence are still subject to unchallenged stigma. A lot of communication and cooperation will be needed to make our work so efficient that we can cope with these upcoming challenges. One important aspect that still presents a burden on the relationship between psychiatry and society is the role of German psychiatry during the Nazi regime. This topic dominated the last conference, and four of the articles in this journal deal with it. Seventy years have since passed, but we are just beginning to understand the vicious liaison between our discipline, the psychiatrists and the professional organizations, and the political crimes of that period. Almost two years ago, the DGPPN decided to mandate an independent international commission of historians with an investigation of the professional association’s activities during these years. First, results were presented at the Berlin Congress 2010 and are included in this supplement. The annual convention of the DGPPN in Berlin in 2010 was dedicated to the victims of these crimes and to the issue of the association’s responsibility. Around 3,000 F. Schneider (&) M. Grozinger Klinik fur Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik Universitatsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany e-mail: fschneider@ukaachen.de

Psychiatric illness through the lifespan

Each person can be affected by mental illness, independently of his or her age or gender. Nevertheless, it has been observed that some specific diseases do appear more often in people of a particular age and that reversely the age of the person may also have an influence on the specific characteristics of the psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, the variation of symptoms of a disease through the years indicates that psychiatric illness has always to be seen in relation to the individual background of the individual. One reason for the age-specific modulation of the pathology is related to the influence of biologic and psychosocial factors that change throughout life. As a result, we are only able to comprehend mental disorders of adults if we comprehend the precursors of the illness from the beginnings of cerebral development. The annual congress of the German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde, hence DGPPN) held in Berlin in November 2009 especially addressed the theme ‘‘Psychiatric illness through the lifespan’’. With this supplement, we intend to give you an overview about the major topics. We have therefore collected a series of invited contributions based on the presentations given during the Berlin congress of Psychiatry to emphasize some aspects of psychiatric illness through one’s life. Important questions, especially with regard to the ongoing demographic development in our society were addressed. A number of articles in this supplement refer to this focus: Does anticholinergic drug use enhances the risk of dementia in older ages? How do traumatic or lifethreatening experiences influence our brains and lives? How does preventive intervention in persons at risk for psychotic disorders look like? The diagnosis and therapy of psychiatric illness with regard to the individual situation of the patient was one of the key topics of the Berlin congress of Psychiatry. Furthermore, the prevention of psychiatric diseases, the examination of psychosocial and biologic influences on mental illness, as well as advances in psychoand pharmacotherapy, were topics that were focused on. We therefore also selected some more clinical articles for this supplement, reflecting actual developments, e.g. concerning therapeutic interventions in patients with affective disorders, individualized treatment of alcohol-dependent patients as well as advances of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders. A special focus on our congress was also put on ethics in psychiatry, especially concerning psychiatric research. Consequently, we included a number of articles related to ethical guidelines in psychiatric research, e.g. one article dealing with conflict of interests. Another manuscript focuses on a historical perspective in ethics—the role of ethics in psychiatry in Nazi-Germany. The historical perspective and the coming to terms with the past have become an important focus of the German Association. We are convinced that the role of psychiatry and the psychiatric association in times of Nazi-Germany have not been addressed intensively up to now. This supplement comprises the major topics of the last congress; nevertheless, it is confined due to the space limits and it reflects a subjective selection. We are sorry that a lot of topics could not be included in this supplement. We hope that our selection of articles will contribute to the discussion about ‘‘Psychiatric illness through the lifespan’’ F. Schneider (&) M. Grozinger Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany e-mail: fschneider@ukaachen.de

S1205 Stability of Granuloma Formation Over Time in Patients with Crohn's Disease and the Relationship with Variants in Autophagy Genes

S1205 Stability of Granuloma Formation Over Time in Patients with Crohn's Disease and the Relationship with Variants in Autophagy Genes

M1196 Overall and Organ-Specific Extra-Intestinal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies

M1196 Overall and Organ-Specific Extra-Intestinal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Studies

Behavioral Comorbidity Differs in Subtypes of Enuresis and Urinary Incontinence

The aim of this prospective study is to describe the association of comorbid behavioral and somatic factors in children with different forms of nocturnal enuresis and daytime incontinence referred to a tertiary center. A total of 166 consecutive children 5.1 to 16.4 years old were referred for detailed assessment between January 2004 and July 2006. Evaluation included a detailed history, pediatric examination, 24 to 48-hour voiding protocols, sonography and uroflow. Parents filled out the Child Behavior Checklist, a standardized parental questionnaire consisting of 113 problem items. ICD-10 diagnoses were given based on standardized mental state examination and mutual consensus conferences. In the full sample externalizing disorders were more than twice as common as internalizing disorders. Differences were found between children with nocturnal enuresis and daytime incontinence regarding parent reported externalizing behavior scores as well as rates of "at least 1 ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis" and comorbid encopresis. Children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis showed fewer internalizing disorders and lower rates of "at least 1 ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis" and comorbid encopresis compared to those with nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, urge incontinence and voiding postponement. The results of sonography and uroflow measures also differed between groups. Different subtypes of enuresis and urinary incontinence demonstrate differences in behavioral problems and psychiatric comorbidity. The highest rates of psychiatric comorbidity were found in the group of children with voiding postponement and the lowest were in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. We recommend screening for comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with enuresis and urinary incontinence. Further investigations in a larger group of children are necessary.

Expanding Horizons in Catatonia Research

<p>In September 1869, a 41-year-old psychiatrist, Karl Ludvig Kahlbaum, who practiced at an asylum in Gorlitz, presented 2 cases of “melancholia attonita” at the joint meeting of the Psychiatry Section of the Association of German Scientists and Physicians and the German Association of Asylum Psychiatrists in Innsbruck. The journal, ”<cite>Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankenheiten</cite>”, summarily dismissed Kalhbaum’s presentation in two sentences: <i>“Mr Kahlbaum reported two cases of the so-called “Melancholia attonita” which were associated with high tension of the muscles and constructed a new form of illness: Tension insanity. In the discussion that followed, however, there was hardly any inclination to extend psychiatric nomenclature in this way.”</i></p> <h4>ABOUT THE GUEST EDITORS</h4> <p>Stanley N. Caroff, MD, received his undergraduate degree from Columbia University before obtaining his medical degree from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. He completed his medical internship at the Roosevelt Hospital and served as a psychiatric resident at the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Montefiore Medical Center. He continued his training as a National Institute of Mental Health postdoctoral fellow in psychopharmacology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia.</p> <p>Dr. Caroff is certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. He is the recipient of several awards for excellence in clinical teaching, including the Earl D. Bond Award and the Blockley-Osler Award at the University of Pennsylvania, and the Nancy C.A. Roeske, MD, Certificate of Recognition for Excellence in Medical Student Education.</p> <p>Currently, he is Chief of the Inpatient Psychiatric Service at the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Philadelphia and Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Dr. Caroff also serves as Director of the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Information Service, and is a member of the Board of Directors of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States.</p> <p>His area of research is in the neurobiology and psychopharmacology of major psychotic disorders. He is recognized as an expert in the study of neuroleptic malignant syndrome and related hyperthermic and neurotoxic disorders in psychiatry. Dr. Caroff is also a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Psychiatric Annals.</p> <p>Gabor S. Ungvari, MD, graduated from Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary, and received his psychiatric training at the Department of Psychiatry of the same medical school. Since the 1980s, he worked in academic settings in Germany, New Zealand, and, for the past 15 years, in Hong Kong. Currently, he is Professor at the Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong where he is in charge of the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Service.</p> <p>Dr. Ungvari’s main research interests are in catatonia, psychopharmacology of chronic psychoses, and general psychopathology.</p>

Modulation of Ca Channels in Peripheral Neuronsa

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 560, Issue 1 p. 346-357 Modulation of Ca Channels in Peripheral Neuronsa E. CARBONE, E. CARBONE Dipartimento di Anatomia e Fisiologia Umana Corso Raffaello 30 I-10125 Torino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorH. D. LUX, H. D. LUX Max-Planck-Institute fur Psychiatrie Am Klopferspitz 18A D-8033 Planegg, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this author E. CARBONE, E. CARBONE Dipartimento di Anatomia e Fisiologia Umana Corso Raffaello 30 I-10125 Torino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorH. D. LUX, H. D. LUX Max-Planck-Institute fur Psychiatrie Am Klopferspitz 18A D-8033 Planegg, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24114.xCitations: 4 a This work was partially supported by NATO (Grant No. 576187) and the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Grant No. 88.00458.04). AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume560, Issue1Calcium Channels: Structure and FunctionJune 1989Pages 346-357 RelatedInformation

PECULIAR CONDITION IN CELLS OF EXTERNAL GENICULATE BODY RESEMBLING AMAUROTIC IDIOCY

A peculiar cellular condition resembling that found in amaurotic idiocy but limited almost exclusively to the external geniculate body has been observed recently by Spielmeyer. I have made a search for such cells in a large number of cases, with the results to be reported in this paper. The condition is a type of pigment atrophy and therefore occurs most frequently in old age. The study involved consideration of the amount of lipoid pigment in nerve cells, a problem originally investigated by Obersteiner1in 1903. Curiously, Obersteiner did not include the cells of the external geniculate body in his work. MATERIAL AND METHODS Although the external geniculate body is not sectioned as a routine at the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie, it was possible to find suitable sections in about one hundred and fifty cases from the collected material. In most cases the sections were from only one side. Specimens

Hallucinations Artificially Induced [Künstlich Hervorgerufene Halluzinationen] (Cbl. f. Nervenheilkunde, March 15th, 1906). Moravesik

In this communication, Dr. Moravesik observes that it can scarcely be held that all hallucinations have a peripheral origin, since there are cases of hallucinations affecting the senses in which the normal function has ceased. Here we may observe that at the meeting of psychiatric physicians at Jena (Monatsschrift fur Psychiatrie, February, 1906) Dr. Berger reported a case of hallucinations of sight after total atrophy of the optic nerves; he also cited one of hallucinations of smell, although there was atrophy of both the olfactory bulbs. Döllkenhad noted vivid hallucinations of light after atrophy of the optic nerves of four years' duration.