Fungus Lentinus Tigrinus Research Articles

Antioxidant effect on the growth and formation of lipids in the fungus Lentinus tigrinus growing on medium with lignosulfonate

Antioxidant effect on the growth and formation of lipids in the fungus Lentinus tigrinus growing on medium with lignosulfonate

Antioxidant Effect on the Growth And Formation of Lipids in the Fungus Lentinus tigrinus Growing on Medium with Lignosulfonate

The addition of an antioxidant (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hydrochloride) to a culture of the fungus Lentinus tigrinus growing on a medium with lignosulfonate inhibited growth and changed the composition of cell phospholipids. The ratio of lipid messengers also changed, the phosphatidic acid level decreased, and the content of phosphatidylinositol dramatically increased. The substitution of lignosulfonate with glucose and the addition of an antioxidant increased the biomass yield of L. tigrinus, as well as that of another fungus, Cunninghamella japonica, which was incapable of biodegrading the biopolymer. The obtained results indicate the specificity of growth processes in the presence of lignosulfonate and confirm the role of free radical oxidation reactions in the biodegradation of this biopolymer by L. tigrinus.

Relation between ligninolytic and phospholipase activities in the fungus Lentinus tigrinus

Effect of hydrocortisone, NaF, and FeSO4 on ligninolytic and phosphatase activity of the fungus Lentinus (Panus) tigrinus VKM F-3616D was investigated, Hydrocortisone and NaF were shown to inhibit the enzymes of the ligninolytic complex-laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), secretory peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), and Mn peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.13). FeSO4 exhibited no significant effect on the activity of these enzymes. Decreased activity of the enzymes of the ligninolytic complex was associatedwith inhibition of the activity and changes in the substrate specificity of phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) in the presence of hydrocortisone of NaF. Cultivation of L. tigrinus in the presence of these compounds resulted in higher affinity of this enzyme to saturated fatty acids, while in the control and in the presence of FeSO4 affinity to unsaturated fatty acids was higher.

Influence of lignin and oxygen on the growth and the lipid formation of the fungus Lentinus tigrinus

During cultivation of the filamentous fungus Lentinus tigrinus on a medium containing lignin, a high oxygen content stimulated the growth of the fungus and contributed to the yield of lipids. A high content of phosphatidic acid and a reduction in the level of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were first detected in the composition of phospholipids. Changes in the composition of neutral lipids, such as variation in the ratio of esterified and free sterols, have occurred; thus, the amount of sterol esters reduced simultaneously with a decrease in the content of free fatty acids. Based on the obtained results, the possible role of phosphatidic acid as a second messenger in the process of the consumption of lignin by the fungus Lentinus tigrinus is discussed.

Change in Phospholipid Composition and Phospholipase Activity of the Fungus Lentinus tigrinus VKM F-3616D during Growth in the Presence of Phenol and Lignocellulosic Substrates

Changes in phospholipid composition, phospholipase activity, and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in mycelium of the lignin-degrading fungus Lentinus (Panus) tigrinus VKM F-3616D in the presence of phenol and lignocellulosic substrates in the cultivation medium are reported. It is shown that in fungal mycelium in the presence of both substrates the share of lysophosphatidylcholine sharply increases. The parity between separate groups of phosphatidylinositols also changes. The lysophosphatidylcholine content increase during cultivation is connected with activation of phospholipase A(2) (EC 3.1.1.4), and phosphatidylinositol parity change is associated with distinctions in affinity of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.11) to them.

Production of lignocellulosic enzymes during growth and fruiting of the edible fungus Lentinus tigrinus on wheat straw

To investigate the growth and production of lignocellulosic enzymes from Lentinus tigrinus, solid state fermentation (SSF) during 110 days was performed by using wheat straw as substrate. The BE obtained was 62% and three flushes of mushrooms were harvested. L. tigrinus showed the capacity to degrade wheat straw, causing a 21.49% decrease in lignin content and a 53.26% decrease in cellulose. The water extractives (aromatic compounds and reducing sugars) increased to 121.44% along incubation time. All of the enzyme activities were high during colonization and ligninases declined drastically during fruit body formation. After harvesting the last flush, enzyme activities increased rapidly to highest levels, except for laccase activity. Cellulases showed the maximum of activity around 90 days post inoculation. Laccase titres reached a peak of 30 U g −1 at day 20 and MnP had two peaks of around 750 mU g −1 at days 20 and 90. Aromatic compounds from lignin degradation were not inducers of ligninases. Laccase was the most stable enzyme showing complete stability after 42 h at 40 °C. All enzymes showed acid optimum pH. The minor value was recorded for laccase and endoglucanase (pH 3.0).

Stimulation of the formation of fruiting bodies of the fungusLentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. by growth regulators

Growth regulators, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and kinetin (KIN), were used in different concentrations to stimulate the initiation and further development of the fruiting bodies of the fungusLentinus tigrinus. Vegetative mycelium of the fungus was cultivated on cellulose cylinders soaked with a synthetic nutrient solution or with a 3% malt extract. When the mycelium covered the surface of the cylinders, further cultivation was carried out in graduated concentrations of the growth regulators mentioned above. The number of developed fruiting bodies showed that the optimum IAA and GA3 concentrations were in both media 300 p.p.m. The optimum concentration of kinetin was 400 p.p.m.The individual growth regulators influenced characteristically also the shape of the fruiting bodies and changed in them the natural level of endogenous growth regulators. The addition of IAA into the medium raised the level of endogenous auxins in the cap. The presence of gibberellic acid and of kinetic in the medium resulted in an increase in the level of these regulators in the fruiting bodies.

Relation between the level of endogenous growth regulators and the differentiation of the fungusLentinus tigrinus studied in a synthetic medium

The fungusLentinus tigrinus was cultivated in a synthetic medium. During vegetative growth of mycelium and differentiation of fruiting bodies samples serving for determination of endogenous growth regulators were collected. The material was extracted with methanol, separated by chromatography and the isolated fractions were tested. Substances of auxin type were assayed with coleoptile segments of oat plants, gibberellins by measuring the hypocotyl growth in the lettuce and cytokinins from the degree of chlorophyll decomposition in the leaf segments of barley. Very low content of auxins was found in all phases of growth and differentiation of the fungus. The content of gibberellin substances was relatively high during the whole life of the fungus. The highest content is found in the vegetative mycelium and in the differentiated fruiting body, especially in the cap; it decreases during the differentiation of fruiting bodies. The content of cytokinins is equally high and the pattern of its change resembles that of the gibberellins. Its maximum is reached in young vegetative mycelium, it decreases when fruiting bodies are formed and when they are growing. Minimum is reached in the differentiated stalk, where also the amount of inhibitions is the highest. Experimental results show that during differentiation of fruiting bodies and their morphogenesis not only gibberellins and cytokinins are of importance, but also substances of an inhibitory character. A relatively high amounts of these substances was secreted into the cultivation medium. In a synthetic nutrient solution they may be easily demonstrated.

The character of endogenous growth regulators in the course of development in the fungus Lentinus tigrinus.

The character of endogenous growth regulators in different stages of growth and development ofLentinus tigrinus was followed by means of bioassays. The methanolic extract of differently old mycelium and fruiting body was chromatographically separated and tested for auxins by means of Avena coleoptile segments, for gibberellins by using lettuce seedlings and for cytokinins by measuring the content of chlorophyl in leaf segments of barley. Auxins were found only in young vegetative mycelium and in the growing young stalk. The level of gibberellins is more significant and it reaches the highest values in the vegetative mycelium, in the growing young stalk and in the differentiated cap. The content of auxin and gibberellin substances did not increase even in the medium after cultivation of mycelium. Bioassays of cytokinins show a slight stimulation in the vegetative mycelium and in the primordia of caps. Significant inhibition was ascertained in the fully developed stalk. The high quantities of cytokinins were found in caps when basidiospores were formed. The results show a close connection of endogenous growth substances with the growth and the development of the fungus and indicate their participation in differentiation processes.