Funds For Medical Care Research Articles

Legal Approaches To Addressing The Social Determinants Of Public Health: The Scenario In India

The enhanced scope, services, and rising investment by both public and private entities are driving the rapid and vigorous growth of the Indian healthcare system. Clinical trials, hospitals, medical equipment, telemedicine, health insurance, and medical appliances are all included in the scope of healthcare. Numerous factors, including our residence, heredity, environmental conditions, income, and education, all contribute to the health of individuals and communities and have significant effects on public health care.Environment and circumstances are major factors in determining an individual's state of health as well. For the health care system to be successfully implemented, it must be designed to adhere to specific human rights norms. A strong regulatory framework is essential to achieving favourable results for human health. By enforcing sanitary regulations on things like food safety, abattoir hygiene, and water quality monitoring, it reduces the likelihood of contracting diseases. The result is a shaky human health care system due to wide gaps in the enforcement, monitoring, and evaluation processes. This is also a result of inadequate funding for medical care for people, a lack of dedication and leadership on the part of health professionals, and a lack of community.

Ensuring the Financial Stability of the Compulsory Health Insurance System

The negative influence of environmental factors on the stability of the health care system necessitates the development of theoretical provisions and methodological basis for monitoring the stability of regional systems. One of the most important criteria for assessing the sustainability of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation is the indicator of the financial stability of the mandatory medical condition system, which assumes, first, the sufficiency of funding for medical care in accordance with its necessary dynamics. The results supported the author's ideas about the possibility of ensuring the financial stability of the regional health care system providing the required level of sustainability based on the sufficient funding through the Compulsory Health Insurance System.

595-P: Creation of a Food Insecurity Risk Score for Adults with Diabetes

Current measurement of food insecurity in the US has largely focused the USDA scales. However, these scales do not capture multidimensional risk associated with food insecurity, account for stigma associated with being considered food insecure, or adequately capture the idea of nutrition security which is particularly important for individuals with diabetes. We aimed to create a more comprehensive set of questions allowing identification of an individual as being food insecure without reliance on questions only focused on food quantity and cost. We used data collected from 614 adults with type 2 diabetes recruited for a cross-sectional study on social determinants of health in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The mean age of the sample was 55 years with mean duration of diabetes diagnosis of 9 years. The 6-item USDA food insecurity scale was used as the outcome with a variety of questions capturing social risk used to create a risk score for food insecurity. A series of questions were tested with the final risk score ranging from 0-7 based on questions including: 1) income less than $25,000, 2) going without food, clothing, or housing due to needing funds for medical care, 3) being worried or stressed about paying rent or mortgage, 4) being worried or stressed about money to buy nutritious meals, 5) not seeing a doctor due to cost, 6) not filling prescriptions due to cost, and 7) neighborhood being unsafe due to crime. In the full sample of adults with diabetes, those indicating 2 risks were 3.5 times more likely to be food insecure, those indicating 3 risks were 10.8 times more likely to be food insecure, and those indicating 4+ items were 54.2 times more likely to be food insecure. Use of this tool can identify food insecure adults in a way that captures food and nutrition security while being inclusive of individuals who may feel stigma associated with food insecurity. In addition, it can identify levels of risk capturing multiple facets of the underlying issue of poverty to screen more comprehensively. Disclosure L.E.Egede: None. R.J.Walker: None. Funding American Diabetes Association (1-19-JDF-075) ; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Disease (K24DK093699, R01DK118038, R01DK120861, PI: Egede) , the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD013826, PI: Egede/Walker)

"Struggling Right Along With You": Precarity and the Power of Medical Crowdfunding Campaign Narratives

Medical fundraisers—which feature patients or caregivers seeking funds for medical care, procedures, or other needs—are ubiquitous on social media, and US-based GoFundMe.com is one of the most popular platforms. The rise of platforms like GoFundMe as forms of medical care and triage is notoriously intertwined with the failures of the U.S. healthcare system. Medical crowdfunding campaigns in the U.S. span diverse topics, invoke a wide range of moral discourses, and are affected deeply by race, gender, class, religion, and (dis)ability. Drawing on insights from a discourse analysis of ten “trending” campaigns hosted on GoFundMe in 2019, I argue that campaigns are participatory narratives (because organizers, beneficiaries, and donors can interact within the campaign space) that rely upon an individualizing discourse of deservingness to create reciprocal ties within biosocial communities of care. As politico-moral projects, medical crowdfunding campaigns are at once reflective of and responsive to normalized precarity. Crowdfunding narratives are spaces in which idealized neoliberal citizen-subjects are produced and valorized collaboratively through the discursive work of campaign organizers and donors, limiting (and enabling) our imaginaries of community and care.

Analysis of the current state of health care state regulation

The purpose of the article is to analyse the current state of regional media platforms, identify development problems and justify solutions. Methodology. General scientific methods are used in the research, in particular: theoretical generalization – to determine the main provisions of health care; statistical analysis – to study the dynamics of medical care funding of state structures employees; methods of positive and normative analysis – to develop recommendations for improving the provision of medical services and the state of health care. Results. It was studied that in 2019, among 14,934.9 households, only 8.7% considered their income level sufficient. And 40.2% of households could not afford basic necessities other than food. More than 50% of households said that if incomes increased, they would spend more on treatment. The largest share of households that noted the need for additional treatment costs has an average per capita equivalent cash income per month at the level of 1,920.1–2,640.0 UAH. At the same time, out of the total number of 14,644.5 thousand households, 98.4% noted the need for health services during the year. Statistics show that in 2019, compared to 2018, the number of households that were unable to receive medical care, medicines and medical supplies for family members during the year increased. This trend is observed for both urban and rural residents. As a result, the ecological situation and the human living environment are deteriorating. Threats are created not only for the current population, but also for the lives of future generations. And according to the self-assessment of the health status of the Ukrainian population in 2019, only half of the population (50.4%) marked their condition as good, the rest reported satisfactory (39.5%) and poor (10.1%). Practical meaning. It is revealed that the state of the environment is under threat due to certain prohibitions and restrictions on the control of economic activity in order to ensure favourable conditions for business development which creates an uncontrolled situation of use of natural resources (water, air, land) included in domestic turnover. Prospects for further research. According to the Law of Ukraine “On Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control) in the Field of Economic Activity” it is necessary to warn in advance and clearly define the list of issues and indicators of the economic activity inspection. This distorts the real picture of possible damage to the environment from improper economic activities and unbalanced use of natural resources.

Effect of Federal Recertification Requirements on Medical Care in Persons Living with HIV

The Ryan White AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) provides funding for medical care (e.g., by paying health insurance premiums) in persons living with

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial sector in medicine: features of centralized state procurement of drugs and medical devices in Ukraine for the period 2018-2021

ABSTRACT. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has deeply impacted the global health care system, and the redistribution of funding for medical care violated the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases, including hypertension, tuberculosis, and HIV. In 2020, centralized state procurement of medicines in Ukraine was for the first time conducted via the online platform Prozorro. Of the 483 items planned to be purchased, 375 items (78 %) were successfully contracted. In the current 2021, tenders were announced for the purchase of 555 of 562 items. In most fields of medicine, the drugs to be purchased are 100 % covered by tenders. The lowest percentage of coverage is observed for pulmonary arterial hypertension (66.67 %).
 In today’s complex environment, not only COVID-19 should be actively combated, but other diseases should be also kept in mind when carefully planning the funding of various fields of medicine through the analysis of data from previous years. The money saved can be used to eliminate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to purchase the necessary medicines. The creation of a single database of drug residues in medical institutions (chatbot in the Telegram messenger) can be called a positive innovation. Control of drug residues and their adequate redistribution makes it possible to rationally use this resource without spending money on unnecessary purchases.
 In general, despite the medical and financial impact of COVID-19, Ukraine’s healthcare system continues to withstand pressure and change for the better. Further improvement of the system of centralized procurement of medicines will be able to overcome the problem of lack of necessary drugs.

Motivation management model and practical realization within the health care institutions

The motivation of medical workers is essential to society since the quality of their work affects the individual and public health. The authors highlighted the special role of state and municipal authorities in motivating medical professionals. The study aims to identify the main directions and elaborate the recommendations to build motivational management models in health care facilities. The study reveals the essence and objectives of personnel policy management in health care facilities. The main methods of motivating health workers were analyzed. The authors evaluated the impact of health reforms on health workers’ motivation. The study proposed several ways to improve the motivational management models. The authors conducted an in-depth analysis of economic and non-economic motivation in health care facilities. The methodological basis of the study is comparative analysis, the method of scientific abstraction, induction and deduction analysis, and synthesis. The practical implementation involved the online services Google Ngram Viewer and SciVal. The findings proved the need to develop the health care quality performances and their approval at the local level. The authors concluded that it is necessary to elaborate on a local program of employees’ motivation of utility non-profit enterprises to implement qualitative indicators. This program may include the mayor’s award, awards free internship programs, invitations to cultural events, symbolic gifts, etc. The obtained results showed that the health reform didn’t cover all activity areas of the health care institutions while the funding for medical care per one patient was insufficient. Therefore, the study emphasized the urgency to solve the above strategic problem in state and municipal management in Ukraine. The findings could be useful for the state and the municipal government of Ukraine in elaborating on motivation programs for health workers and their maintenance.

Out-of-pocket funding of medical services among older adults

Abstract Background The current composition of Israeli private funding is inconsistent with the principles of the State Health Insurance Law. According with the aging process, this study identifies and investigates the predictors of out-of-pocket (hereinafter- OOP) funding of medical care and healthcare among the 50+ population. Its three objectives are to profile the healthcare services for which older adults pay out of pocket, profile the older adults who pay OOP for medical services and detect changes over the years, and identify predictors of private healthcare service funding by older adults. Methods The study is based on the SHARE-Israel database. Relating to longitudinal information yielded by the SHARE-Israel, it sheds light on the characteristics of those who reported having paid OOP for medical services. Results A large majority of the 50+ population in Israel that consumes healthcare services is asked to pay for them out of pocket. Their average age is sixty-seven. Possession of supplemental health insurance coverage, state of health and changes in it, and economic resources are found to have the strongest effect on the probability of OOP funding. The motive of financial and/or social support that older adults receive from and/or give to their immediate surroundings makes it more likely that they will pay OOP for healthcare services. The decision on whether to pay out of pocket in advanced age is positively dependent on age but negatively dependent on level of education. The probability of OOP funding varies between Jews and Arabs and between non-immigrant Jews and recent-immigrant Jews from the former Soviet Union. Conclusions The share of OOP funding of healthcare in older adult households' total annual income is trending upward. The funding of older adult healthcare services in Israel is marked by inequality. Furthermore, economic motives are central in determining whether older adults' out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare services will stabilize over time. Key messages The funding of older adult healthcare services in Israel is marked by inequality. Economic motives are central in determining whether older adults’ out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare services will stabilize over time.

Understanding the Dimensions of Medical Crowdfunding: A Visual Analytics Approach.

BackgroundMedical crowdfunding has emerged as a growing field for fundraising opportunities. Some environmental trends have driven the emergence of campaigns to raise funds for medical care. These trends include lack of medical insurance, economic backlash following the 2008 financial collapse, and shortcomings of health care regulations.ObjectiveResearch regarding crowdfunding campaign use, reasons, and effects on the provision of medical care and individual relationships in health systems is limited. This study aimed to explore the nature and dimensions of the phenomenon of medical crowdfunding using a visual analytics approach and data crawled from the GoFundMe crowdfunding platform in 2019. We aimed to explore and identify the factors that contribute to a successful campaign.MethodsThis data-driven study used a visual analytics approach. It focused on descriptive analytics to obtain a panoramic insight into medical projects funded through the GoFundMe crowdfunding platform.ResultsThis study highlighted the relevance of positioning the campaign for fundraising. In terms of motivating donors, it appears that people are typically more generous in contributing to campaigns for children rather than those for adults. The results emphasized the differing dynamics that a picture posted in the campaign brings to the potential for medical crowdfunding. In terms of donor’s motivation, the results show that a picture depicting the pediatric patient by himself or herself is the most effective. In addition, a picture depicting the current medical condition of the patient as severe is more effective than one depicting relative normalcy in the condition. This study also drew attention to the optimum length of the title. Finally, an interesting trend in the trajectory of donations is that the average amount of a donation decreases with an increase in the number of donors. This indicates that the first donors tend to be the most generous.ConclusionsThis study examines the relationship between social media, the characteristics of a campaign, and the potential for fundraising. Its analysis of medical crowdfunding campaigns across the states offers a window into the status of the country’s health care affordability. This study shows the nurturing role that social media can play in the domain of medical crowdfunding. In addition, it discusses the drivers of a successful fundraising campaign with respect to the GoFundMe platform.

Organization of medical care for children in Ukraine (review of literature)

The realization of high quality medical measures for protecting children’s health remains an important issue at the stage of reforming the domestic medicine. The aim of this work was to study and analyze the system of medical aid for children in Ukraine. The research focused on normative-legal acts regulating the organization of medical aid for children. The research methods are informative, retrospective, historical, logical and analytical.
 The analysis of normative-legal documents regulating the organization of rendering of medical aid for children established their formality and economic groundlessness.
 According to January 2017, only 35 documents were included into the Registry of medical technological documents in the direction of «Pediatrics». It means that many children’s pathological states are not covered by standardization, what reduces the quality of medical aid.
 The national programs for the improvement of health status of children remained unrealized due to the lack of funding, ill-coordinated links between program implementers, the lack of effective monitoring of the quality and results of realizing the state programs. The implementation result of IMChI strategy was the reduction of mortality rate in children of different age groups in the pilot regions. In terms of reforming the combined model (model III) is the most effective and acceptable for pediatric care rendering.
 The population expenses reach nearly half of the total funding of the sector, what demonstrates the inconsistencies between the real state of children’s assurance in the health care system of Ukraine and national normative acts.
 It was determined the necessity of structural reorganization of the system, the optimization of beds number, the increase of medical care funding from state and local budgets, the raising of resource efficiency of health care system and the continued development and implementation of modern protocols (standards) for the treatment of children pathologies.

Chronic morbidity, deprivation and primary medical care spending in England in 2015-16: a cross-sectional spatial analysis

BackgroundPrimary care provides the foundation for most modern health-care systems, and in the interests of equity, it should be resourced according to local need. We aimed to describe spatially the burden of chronic conditions and primary medical care funding in England at a low geographical level, and to measure how much variation in funding is explained by chronic condition prevalence and other patient and regional factors.MethodsWe used multiple administrative data sets including chronic condition prevalence and management data (2014/15), funding for primary-care practices (2015-16), and geographical and area deprivation data (2015). Data were assigned to a low geographical level (average 1500 residents). We investigated the overall morbidity burden across 19 chronic conditions and its regional variation, spatial clustering and association with funding and area deprivation. A linear regression model was used to explain local variation in spending using patient demographics, morbidity, deprivation and regional characteristics.ResultsLevels of morbidity varied within and between regions, with several clusters of very high morbidity identified. At the regional level, morbidity was modestly associated with practice funding, with the North East and North West appearing underfunded. The regression model explained 39% of the variability in practice funding, but even after adjusting for covariates, a large amount of variability in funding existed across regions. High morbidity and, especially, rural location were very strongly associated with higher practice funding, while associations were more modest for high deprivation and older age.ConclusionsPrimary care funding in England does not adequately reflect the contemporary morbidity burden. More equitable resource allocation could be achieved by making better use of routinely available information and big data resources. Similar methods could be deployed in other countries where comparable data are collected, to identify morbidity clusters and to target funding to areas of greater need.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОДХОДОВ К ОПЛАТЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПО ПРОФИЛЮ «аНЕСТЕЗИОЛОГИЯ-РЕАНИМАТОЛОГИЯ» В УСЛОВИЯХ ПЕРЕХОДА НА НОВУЮ СИСТЕМУ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ

A new federal model of in-patient medical care funding provides payment for treatment basing on the average costs estimated when evaluating cases of certain diseases grouped together due to their similarity and types of the provided medical care (CSG system). The lack of differentiation does not allow full reimbursement of expenses of in-patient units occurring during treatment of the severely ill in the intensive care wards. Goal: to estimate risks of financial losses of units providing medical care to the patients with high chances of a complicated course of the disease when medical care is reimbursed within the system described above (CSG system) and to propose improvement of this system. Results. The article presents the results of joint work of the experts from Organizational Economic Committee of the Association of Anesthesiologists and Intensive Care Physicians and workers of St. Petersburg Regional Fund of Mandatory Medical Insurance aimed at the improvement of the medical care funding system based on the so-called clinical statistic groups (CSG). It was suggested splitting up certain clinical statistic groups into subgroups considering the need of patients in the intensive care and its content. The coefficients reflecting the content of costs were calculated for the identified subgroups. The offered approach was piloted during the project in St. Petersburg through estimating costs for a completed case in parallel with estimation as per the existing method of reimbursement related to medical economic standards. The obtained results proved that the offered approach allowed achieving better differentiation due to re-distribution of funds from less severely ill patients who required no treatment in the intensive care departments to the more severely ill. The data were submitted to Center of Expertise and Monitoring of Medical Care Quality in order to prepare suggestions to amend guidelines on medical care reimbursement by the Russian Ministry of Health. Conclusion. The article describes specific practical outcomes – the model was developed to be introduced for reimbursement of the in-patient care as per CSG system within mandatory medical insurance.

Integrated IT environment for people with disabilities: a new concept

Abstract This article evaluates the authors’ own concept of integrated IT environments for people with disabilities. Increasing numbers of disabled people and elderly people are affected by shortages of medical specialists and limited funding for medical care. Integrated IT environments for people with disabilities — through integration of various technical and medical solutions into one flexible system — are one way to provide increased independence and improved quality of life for disabled, elderly and severely ill people. The aim of this paper is to assess the extent to which the available possibilities in this area are being utilized, including the authors’ own concept. The implications of technological developments are discussed to lay the groundwork for further research.

Personal and spousal decision making on the funding of medical care not covered by healthcare insurance

The purpose of this study was to investigate personal and spousal decisions to seek funding for spousal medical care, when such treatments are not covered by the National Package of Healthcare Services or by other types of healthcare insurance. Research data were collected in Israel during 2008-2010 by means of structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to a nonrandom sample of 160 patients with a health condition requiring private funding of treatment. The study clearly reveals that the decision to forego fundraising results not only from financial considerations. Patients' illness-related factors and available personal, spousal, and social resources are significant as well.

Editorial: Fighting Infections in Developing Countries by Cost-Affordable and Sustainable Means

In developing areas around the globe it is extremely hard for health related institutions and governments to implement prevention and treatment policies, to improve public health, due to poor economical resources and infrastructures; low awareness; inadequate personnel; high prevalence of parasites and pathogens with extreme infection burdens, as well as sociopolitical factors. Central government programs essential for the improvement of the general public health are limited in developing countries. These include mass vaccination programs, which are cornerstones of primary health-care [1]; programs to reduce waterborne and water-associated vector-borne diseases [2]; routine surveillance activities [3,4]; regulation of pesticide usage (e.g. developing countries use only 20% of the world's agrochemicals, yet they suffer 99% of deaths from pesticide poisoning [5]); programs to reduce malnutrition [6]; programs to educate the public (e.g. use of condoms to reduce sexually transmitted diseases); and funding of medical care. However, the high disease rate itself possesses a very significant economic burden on developing countries. This burden exacerbates the incapacity of the governments to address the critical need for better health care. For example, malaria alone costs sub-Saharan Africa US$100 billion in lost annual gross domestic product (GDP) [1]. The combination of high infection rates together with poor public health care has become a vicious cycle that needs to broken. While in developed countries prevention and treatment modalities have significantly improved public health, the standard of living and life expectancy [1,7-9], this is not the case in developing countries, where the improvement of health care is multifaceted and extremely complicated. Assistance from world organizations together with the developed and affluent countries is essential. However, it has to be taken into consideration that solutions that have been successful in developed countries may not be appropriate for those that are developing. For example, vaccines that may confer protection against HIV-1 in Europe and USA, may fail to do so in Africa and other developing countries due to the significantly different pre-existing immune background of the population [10-12]. Another problem is the extremely high illiteracy and poverty rate that prevails in many rural areas in these countries. Thus, simple, cost affordable, wide spectrum, immediate and applicable means, which accommodate the particular constraints of developing countries, must be developed and applied in order to specifically and rapidly address key issues of public health in these volatile regions. The current Hot Topic issue presents several cost-affordable and sustainable means that may help fight the high infections rates in developing countries. Doucoure and Farcy propose novel membrane systems that can be applied in small rural communities and remote areas in developing countries aimed at reducing water-borne diseases and pollutants. Borkow and Gabbay suggest the use of biocidal textiles in hospitals in order to reduce the high rates of nosocomial infections. Togo and his colleagues from a hospital in Bamako - Mali make a robust attempt to identify the causes of nosocomial infections in a developing country and recommend measures aimed at reducing these infections in hospital settings. Ole Skovmand discusses the use of insecticidal bednets for the fight against malaria in developing countries. Finally, Bentwich and colleagues present the hypothesis that the relatively straightforward treatment of helminthic parasites may have very wide ramifications in improving the treatment and prognosis of other diseases, and in enhancing the capacity to achieve effective immunization.

Consequences of the Privatized Funding of Medical Care and of the Privatized Electoral Process

In the article the author reflects on the U.S. health care system. 47 million Americans are without health insurance coverage and insurance is primarily acquired through employment benefits. He opines that health care problems are caused by the privatization of campaign funding and the organization of medical care. Funding for political candidates comes from private sources such as insurance, pharmaceutical and medical equipment companies. He discusses mistakes U.S. President Barack Obama has made concerning his strategy for implementing national health insurance.

Looking Back at the Future: Why Hillarycare Failed

The current Democratic Party candidates for U.S. president, including Hillary Rodham Clinton, have committed themselves to establishing universal health care that will guarantee access to care in time of need, a basic human right still denied in the United States. This commitment is partly a response to the U.S. population's high levels of dissatisfaction (now at unprecedented levels) with the way health care is funded and organized. The article analyzes why a similar commitment by President Bill Clinton in 1992 failed, and challenges some of the main explanations for that failure put forward by protagonists of the White House health care reform task force (chaired by Hillary Clinton). The author emphasizes that the primary reason for the failure was the lack of political will to confront major players in medical care funding, especially the insurance companies and large employers. He postulates that unless such political will exists and unless the system of funding electoral campaigns undergoes major reform-reducing or eliminating the power of financial and economic lobbies in the political process-the United States will not have universal health care. It is a worrisome sign that these lobbies are financing the campaigns of many of today's presidential candidates.

Are There Too Many Scientists?

In their Letter “Declines in funding of NIH R01 research grants” (8 Sept. 2006, p. [1387][1]), H. G. Mandel and E. S. Vesell reiterated the widespread concern that the low level and recent decline in funding NIH R01 grants has long-term negative consequences for the future quality of science. Weinberg has also commented that the shift away from funding small, independent research groups is detrimental to the progress of science ([1][2]). I agree with these sentiments, but there is another side to the funding issue: Are there too many people trying to do science? In both the United States and Canada, the budgets of the major national agencies that fund biomedical research have more than doubled during the past decade. At least some of that money has made it to the pool that supports investigator-initiated research, yet excellent proposals from excellent researchers are still not being funded, and the situation has become worse in the past year ([2][3]). We could lobby for another doubling of the funding, but I see no reason to expect the outcome to be different: The total amount of science would increase, but the probability of continued funding and the perceived desirability of science as a career would not. Is there a point at which a society is doing enough science? Is science so important that we should always want to increase the rate at which we do it? Or is it like almost every other government-funded activity, where the proponents always want more even if we are not sure that more is better? If there were only 100 scientists applying for R01 grants each year, there would be widespread agreement that this is not enough to sustain a vibrant research enterprise; if there were a hundred million, even the most ardent supporters of research would agree that this is too many. The right number, or range of numbers, must be somewhere in between. We could lobby to keep doubling the funding and hope to reach the point where all of the good science was being funded. However, if funding for science is like funding for medical care, education, or war, there is no precedent to expect that increases in funding will ever match the ability to spend the funds, for better or worse. Alternatively, or in addition, if we don't like the model of funding that we have created, we should debate the merits of limiting the demand for research grants rather than just increasing the supply of money. 1. 1.[↵][4]1. R. A. Weinberg , Cell 126, 9 (2006). [OpenUrl][5][CrossRef][6][PubMed][7][Web of Science][8] 2. 2.[↵][9]1. J. Giles, 2. M. Wadman , Nature 443, 894 (2006). [OpenUrl][10][CrossRef][11][PubMed][12][Web of Science][13] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.313.5792.1387b [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1. in text [5]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DCell%26rft.stitle%253DCell%26rft.aulast%253DWeinberg%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D126%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D9%26rft.epage%253D10%26rft.atitle%253DA%2Blost%2Bgeneration.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.cell.2006.06.022%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16839866%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.022&link_type=DOI [7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16839866&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F316%2F5822%2F200.1.atom [8]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000239224800006&link_type=ISI [9]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2. in text [10]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%26rft.stitle%253DNature%26rft.aulast%253DLedford%26rft.auinit1%253DH.%26rft.volume%253D443%26rft.issue%253D7114%26rft.spage%253D894%26rft.epage%253D895%26rft.atitle%253DGrants%2Bfall%2Bvictim%2Bto%2BNIH%2Bsuccess.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252F443894a%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F17065999%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [11]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1038/443894a&link_type=DOI [12]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=17065999&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F316%2F5822%2F200.1.atom [13]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000241523400011&link_type=ISI

President Wants Budget Savings To Come From Health Programs

President Wants Budget Savings To Come From Health Programs