Fundamental String Charge Research Articles

Worldsheet computation of heavy-light correlators

We compute a large collection of string worldsheet correlators describing light probes interacting with heavy black hole microstates. The heavy states consist of NS5 branes carrying momentum and/or fundamental string charge. In the fivebrane decoupling limit, worldsheet string theory on a family of such backgrounds is given by exactly solvable null-gauged WZW models. We construct physical vertex operators in these cosets, including all massless fluctuations. We compute a large class of novel heavy-light-light-heavy correlators in the AdS3 limit, where the light operators include those dual to chiral primaries of the holographically dual CFT. We compare a subset of these correlators to the holographic CFT at the symmetric product orbifold point, and find precise agreement in all cases, including for light operators in twisted sectors of the orbifold CFT. The agreement is highly non-trivial, and includes amplitudes that describe the analogue of Hawking radiation for these microstates. We further derive a formula for worldsheet correlators consisting of n light insertions on these backgrounds, and discuss which subset of these correlators are likely to be protected. As a test, we compute a heavy-light five-point function, obtaining precisely the same result both from the worldsheet and the symmetric orbifold CFT. This paper is a companion to and extension of [1].

Stringy structure at the BPS bound

We explore the stringy structure of 1/2-BPS bound states of NS fivebranes carrying momentum or fundamental string charge, in the decoupling limits leading to little string theory and to AdS3/CFT2 duality. We develop an exact worldsheet description of these states using null-gauged sigma models, and illustrate the construction by deriving the closed-form solution sourced by an elliptical NS5-F1 supertube. The Calabi-Yau/Landau-Ginsburg correspondence maps this geometrical worldsheet description to a non-compact LG model whose superpotential is determined by the fivebrane source configuration. Singular limits of the 1/2-BPS configuration space result when the fivebrane worldvolume self-intersects, as can be seen from both sides of the CY/LG duality — on the Landau-Ginsburg side from the degeneration of the superpotential(s), and on the geometrical side from an analysis of D-brane probes. These singular limits are a portal to black hole formation via the condensation of the branes that are becoming massless, and thus exhibit in the gravitational bulk description the central actors in the non-gravitational dual theory underlying black hole thermodynamics.

Hot Holographic Giant Loop

We consider the Polyakov loop operator in finite temperature planar N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory defined on a spatial S3 and in representations where the number of boxes in the Young Tableau k is large and scales so that kN remains finite in the large N limit. We review the argument that, in the de-confined phase of the gauge theory, and for symmetric representations with row Young tableau, there is a quantum phase transition in the expectation value of the Polyakov loop operator which occurs as the size of the representation is increased beyond a critical value of kN. We also argue that for completely antisymmetric representations with column tableau, there is no such phase transition. The AdS/CFT dual of such large representation loops are thought to be probe D-branes with k units of fundamental string charge dissolved in their world-volumes. Our results for both symmetric and antisymmetric representations are consistent with what is known about these branes on the thermal AdS black hole background.

Operator with large spin and spinning D3-brane

We consider the conformal dimension of an operator with large spin, using a spinning D3-brane with electric flux in AdS_5 x S^5 instead of spinning fundamental string. This spinning D3-brane solution seems to correspond to an operator made by taking trace in a large symmetric representation. The conformal dimension, the spin and the R-charge show a scaling relation in a certain region of parameters. In the small string charge limit, the result is consistent with the fundamental string picture. There is a phase transition when the fundamental string charge become larger than a certain critical value; there is no stable D3-brane solution above the critical value.

BPS limit of multi- D- and DF-strings in boundary string field theory

A BPS limit is systematically derived for straight multi- D- and DF-strings from the D3D¯3 system in the context of boundary superstring field theory. The BPS limit is obtained in the limit of thin D(F)-strings, where the Bogomolny equation supports singular static multi-D(F)-string solutions. For the BPS multi-string configurations with arbitrary separations, BPS sum rule is fulfilled under a Gaussian type tachyon potential and reproduces exactly the descent relation. For the DF-strings ((p,q)-strings), the distribution of fundamental string charge density coincides with its energy density and the Hamiltonian density takes the BPS formula of square-root form.

ENTROPY COUNTING OF SUPERTUBES

In this paper we review the properties of supertubes in type IIA superstring theory. The supertube is a tubular D2-brane which carries D0-brane charge N0, fundamental string charge N1 and angular momentum J. Even if we fix two charges N0, N1 and angular momentum J, a generic supertube has degrees of freedom to deform its shape of the cross-section. We explicitly count this degeneracy and evaluate the entropy of supertubes from the field theoretical viewpoint.

Domain Walls in Noncommutative Field Theories

We study kinks in a wide class of noncommutative (NC) field theories. We find rich structure of the static kinks in DBI type NC tachyon action for an unstable D$p$-brane with general constant open string metric and NC parameter. Among which thick topological BPS NC kink and tensionless half-kink are particularly intriguing. Reproduction of the correct decent relation between D$p$ and D$(p-1)$ lets us interpret the obtained NC kinks as codimension-one D-brane and its composites. If we turn on DBI type NC U(1) gauge field on an unstable D2-brane, only constant field strength is allowed by gauge equation and NC Bianchi identity. Inclusion of the NC U(1) gauge field induces fundamental string charge localized on the codimension-one brane, which turns D$(p-1)$ into D$(p-1)$F1.

A charged rotating black ring

We construct a supergravity solution describing a charged rotating black ring with S^2xS^1 horizon in a five dimensional asymptotically flat spacetime. In the neutral limit the solution is the rotating black ring recently found by Emparan and Reall. We determine the exact value of the lower bound on J^2/M^3, where J is the angular momentum and M the mass; the black ring saturating this bound has maximum entropy for the given mass. The charged black ring is characterized by mass M, angular momentum J, and electric charge Q, and it also carries local fundamental string charge. The electric charge distributed uniformly along the ring helps support the ring against its gravitational self-attraction, so that J^2/M^3 can be made arbitrarily small while Q/M remains finite. The charged black ring has an extremal limit in which the horizon coincides with the singularity.

Rolling of a modulated tachyon with gauge flux and an emergent fundamental string

We investigate the real-time tachyon dynamics of an unstable D-brane carrying fundamental string charge. We construct the boundary state relevant for the rolling of the modulated tachyon with gauge fields excited on the world volume, and study the spatial distribution of the fundamental string charge and current as the D-brane decays. We find that, in contrast with homogeneous tachyon rolling, spatial modulation of the tachyon field triggers a density wave of strings when the electric field is turned on and string-antistring pairs when the magnetic field is turned on. We show that the energy density and the fundamental string charge density are locked together and evolve into a localized delta-function array (instead of evolving into a string fluid) until a critical time set by the rolling tachyon's initial condition. When the gauge fields approach the critical limit, the fundamental strings produced become BPS-like. We also study the dynamics via effective field theory, and find agreement.

Tachyon kinks

We study Born-Infeld type tachyonic effective action of unstable D2-brane with a runaway potential and find rich structure of static regular solitonic solutions. There exists only periodic array of tachyon kink-antikinks in pure tachyonic theory, however, in the presence of electromagnetic fields, solutions include periodic arrays, topological tachyon kinks, half kink, and bounces. Computed tension of each kink or single unit of the periodic array has $T_{1}=\sqrt{2}\pi T_{2}$ or that with a multiplicative factor depending on electric field. When both electric and magnetic fields are turned on, fundamental string charge density has a confined component in addition to a constant piece. These evidences imply that the obtained codimension-1 objects are likely to be interpreted as D1-brane (and D1F1) or array of D1$\bar{{\rm D}}1$ (and D1F1-$\bar{{\rm D}}1$F1) as was the case without the electromagnetic fields. Generalization to unstable D$p$-branes is straightforward.

Decay of Unstable D-branes with Electric Field

Using the techniques of two dimensional conformal field theory we construct time dependent classical solutions in open string theory describing the decay of an unstable D-brane in the presence of background electric field, and explicitly evaluate the time dependence of the energy momentum tensor and the fundamental string charge density associated with this solution. The final decay product can be interpreted as a combination of stretched fundamental strings and tachyon matter.

Open strings on AdS2 branes

We study the spectrum of open strings on AdS 2 branes in AdS 3 in an NS–NS background, using the SL(2, R) WZW model. When the brane carries no fundamental string charge, the open string spectrum is the holomorphic square root of the spectrum of closed strings in AdS 3. It contains short and long strings, and is invariant under spectral flow. When the brane carries fundamental string charge, the open string spectrum again contains short and long strings in all winding sectors. However, branes with fundamental string charge break half the spectral flow symmetry. This has different implications for short and long strings. As the fundamental string charge increases, the brane approaches the boundary of AdS 3. In this limit, the induced electric field on the worldvolume reaches its critical value, producing noncommutative open string theory on AdS 2.

Closed strings from nothing

We study the physics of open strings in bosonic and type-II string theories in the presence of unstable D-branes. When the potential energy of the open string tachyon is at its minimum, Sen has argued that only closed strings remain in the perturbative spectrum. We explore the scenario of Yi and of Bergman, Hori, and Yi, who argue that the open string degrees of freedom are strongly coupled and disappear through confinement. We discuss arguments using open string field theory and world sheet boundary renormalization group flows, which seem to indicate otherwise. We then describe a solitonic excitation of the open string tachyon and gauge field with the charge and tension of a fundamental closed string. This requires a double scaling limit where the tachyon is taken to its minimal value and the electric field is taken to its maximum value. The resulting flux tube has an unconstrained spatial profile; and for large fundamental string charge it appears to have light, weakly coupled open strings existing in the core. We argue that the flux tube acquires a size of order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ through sigma model and string coupling effects, and that confinement effects make the light degrees of freedom heavy and strongly interacting.

Strings on orbifold lines

The orbifold lines IIA/I_8 and IIB/$I_8 (-1)^{F_L} possess BPS discrete torsion variants which carry fundamental string (NSNS) charge. We show that these variants are actually classified by an integral electric field F from the twisted RR sector, and compute their tension and NSNS charge as a function of F. The analysis employs equivariant K-theory and the string creation phenomenon. The K-theory results demonstrate the corrections to cohomology in the case of torsion; it is found that 8 units of F are invisible at transverse infinity for IIA, and correspondingly 16 units for IIB.

Sigma model of near-extreme rotating black holes and their microstates

Five-dimensional non-extreme rotating black holes with large NS-NS five-brane and fundamental string charge are shown to be described by a conformal sigma model, which is a marginal integrable deformation of six-dimensional SL(2, R) × SU(2) WZW model. The two WZW levels are equal to the five-brane charge, while the parameters of the two marginal deformations generated by the left and right chiral SU(2) currents are proportional to the two angular momentum components of the black hole. The near-horizon description is effectively in terms of a free fundamental string whose tension is rescaled by the five-brane charge. The microstates are identified with those of left and right moving superconformal string oscillations in the four directions transverse to the five-brane. Their statistical entropy reproduces precisely the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the rotating black hole.

A handbook on the 1970 federal drug act : by Robert L. Bogomolny, Michael R. Sonnenreich, and Anthony J. Roccograndi. Charles C. Thomas (301-327 East Lawrence Avenue, Springfield, Illinois 62703), 1975, 167 pp., hardcover—n.p.

A BPS limit is systematically derived for straight multi- D- and DF-strings from the D3D¯3 system in the context of boundary superstring field theory. The BPS limit is obtained in the limit of thin D(F)-strings, where the Bogomolny equation supports singular static multi-D(F)-string solutions. For the BPS multi-string configurations with arbitrary separations, BPS sum rule is fulfilled under a Gaussian type tachyon potential and reproduces exactly the descent relation. For the DF-strings ((p,q)-strings), the distribution of fundamental string charge density coincides with its energy density and the Hamiltonian density takes the BPS formula of square-root form.