Fundamental Strength Research Articles

A Study on the Bending Strength of Ultra Double-Sided Polypropylene Arc Welded Using Stainless Steel Sheets

Abstract In this research, a micro-plasma arc welding technique is used to butt weld super duplex stainless steel sheets with a thickness of 0.33mm. While roughness and strength of tensile are referred to as output qualities, welding input factors included pulse width, pulse rate, peak current, and base current. Applications requiring both strong fatigue strength and resistance to corrosion are increasingly using super-duplex stainless steels. Welded joint tensile strength (868.28MPa) is 6.28 percent less than the fundamental metal tensile strength (923.16MPa). The microstructure of welded super duplex stainless steels has a strong correlation with their tensile strength (SDSS), and ANSYS has been utilized to do FEA analysis for different profiles that have also been investigated. This work includes a detailed investigation of the effects of various welding circumstances on super duplex stainless steel.

Industry-Wide Application of Value Investing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Technology, Healthcare, Energy, and Catering Sectors

Value investing has been proved to be a valid means to dive into deeper market, in order to find the intrinsic value. It is grounded in a long-term perspective, focusing on the fundamental aspects of a business, such as its financial health, management quality, competitive position, and growth prospects. On the basis of above information, this paper is going to talk about the practical investing behaviors in different industries, including the technology, healthcare, energy and catering industries, surpassing the dimension of theory. With the improvement of every industry, innovations and risks have been taken into consideration, directing investors to take promising or conservative methods. By applying the principles of value investing across different industries, investors can seek to build portfolios that are not only diversified but also grounded in the fundamental strengths of the businesses they invest in. In each of these industries, value investors must conduct thorough due diligence, analyzing financial statements, market positions, competitive advantages, and growth potential.

On the path of spin-[formula omitted] Berry phase

This paper investigates the relation between the Berry phase of a spinor accumulated along a path corresponding to an adiabatically varying magnetic field and the conformal deformation along the path in the parameter space. The first part demonstrates that the accumulated phase can be controlled by continuous deformation characterized by a single conformal parameter. The source of the corresponding field strength responsible for the deformed phase path is shown to be a conformally deformed monopole located at the origin in the parameter space with the fundamental strength g=±1/2. In the second part, we model a rotating magnetic field coupled to a charged spinor with a time-varying amplitude subjected to the conformal deformation, realizing a single-variable deformation of the evolution process of the phase path.

Quantitative Optical Imaging of Oxygen in Brain Vasculature.

The intimate relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral oxygenation underpins fundamental brain functions like cognition, sensation, and motor control. Optical imaging offers a noninvasive approach to assess brain oxygenation and often serves as an indirect proxy for neuronal activity. However, deciphering neurovascular coupling─the intricate interplay between neuronal activity, blood flow, and oxygen delivery─necessitates independent, high spatial resolution, and high temporal resolution measurements of both microvasculature oxygenation and neuronal activation. This Perspective examines the established optical techniques employed for brain oxygen imaging, specifically functional near-infrared spectroscopy, photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and two-photon phosphorescent lifetime microscopy, highlighting their fundamental principles, strengths, and limitations. Several other emerging optical techniques are also introduced. Finally, we discuss key technological challenges and future directions for quantitative optical oxygen imaging, paving the way for a deeper understanding of oxygen metabolism in the brain.

A Review of Time-Series Forecasting Algorithms for Industrial Manufacturing Systems

Time-series forecasting is crucial in the efficient operation and decision-making processes of various industrial systems. Accurately predicting future trends is essential for optimizing resources, production scheduling, and overall system performance. This comprehensive review examines time-series forecasting models and their applications across diverse industries. We discuss the fundamental principles, strengths, and weaknesses of traditional statistical methods such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing (ES), which are widely used due to their simplicity and interpretability. However, these models often struggle with the complex, non-linear, and high-dimensional data commonly found in industrial systems. To address these challenges, we explore Machine Learning techniques, including Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These models offer more flexibility and adaptability, often outperforming traditional statistical methods. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of hybrid models, which combine the strengths of different methods to achieve improved prediction performance. These hybrid models result in more accurate and robust forecasts. Finally, we discuss the potential of newly developed generative models such as Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for time-series forecasting. This review emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting the appropriate model based on specific industry requirements, data characteristics, and forecasting objectives.

Failure analysis of unidirectional FRP with fiber clusters under transverse pure shear

In nearly all the failure criteria for the FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), the fundamental strength of the FRP under uniaxial tensile, compressive and pure shear stress were utilized to construct appropriate mathematical function relationship with the multiaxial stress. Among them, the strength of the FRP under transverse pure shear stress was influenced by various factors and could not be directly obtained from tests. In this paper, transverse pure shear failure behavior of FRP was studied using finite element analysis based on RVE models, the RSE and HC algorithm were utilized to generate the FRP with different fiber distribution, mainly refers the different fiber clusters which was commonly experimentally observed. The bilinear cohesive model and extended linear Drucker Prager model were used to characterize the mechanical behavior of the interface and matrix respectively. Then, constraint of periodic boundary condition was applied for the RVE models. Difference on failure fracture behavior of FRP with different fiber distribution were identified and assessed under transverse pure shear stress, while the connection between stress triaxiality and initial damage equivalent plastic strain of the matrix was also altered. On this basis, the distinction of the maximum transverse pure shear stress, the crack resistance strength and the transverse shear strength was thoroughly discussed and identified, which provided a theoretic reference for the failure analysis of the FRP.

RISK ANALYSIS OF SHARIA STOCKS IN THE INFRASTRUCTURE, UTILITIES AND TRANSPORTATION SECTOR LISTED ON THE JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) 2015-2023

This research is intended to analyze the risk comparison using the Value at Risk (VaR) Variance Covariance and Value at Risk (VaR) Historical Simulation models in the Infrastructure, Utilities and Transportation subsectors. The development of infrastructure, utilities, and transportation plays a very important role in national development and is the main driver of regional growth and the industrial sector. Improvements in the regulatory and investment policy framework are expected to significantly increase the availability of infrastructure facilities and services. The population involved in this study includes 9 companies listed in the JII in the Infrastructure, Utilities, and Transportation sector, which are used as samples. The data used is secondary data obtained from www.yahoo.finance.com. Data analysis was carried out using a two-sample average test. The test results of the Value at Risk (VaR) Historical Simulation and Variance Covariance values are largest in INDX stocks, followed by other stocks, and those with the lowest risk level are TLKM stocks for the upcoming 5-day, 7-day, and 15-day periods with good values for alpha 1%, 5%, and 10%. The results concluded that the comparison between VaR Variance Covariance and VaR Historical Simulation produces a good level of risk and helps in determining sectors that are worth investing in the future, and can describe the fundamental strength of each sector.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLOUD-BASED FLOOD RISK PREDICTIVE MODELING IN URBAN AREAS

The increasing occurrence and severity of natural disasters worldwide have emphasized the pressing want for sophisticated technology to enhance catastrophe management and response efforts. The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant interest for its ability to potentially transform early warning systems and improve predictive modeling in places prone to disasters. This research article explores the comparison of several communication technologies in the context of a cloud-based predictive modeling system designed for flood risk assessment. The evaluation of cost-effectiveness and performance indicators of various communication systems is centered on a case study. The chosen technologies include Bluetooth, WiFi, LoRa, Zigbee, NB-IoT, and 4G Cellular, each exemplifying distinct methodologies for IoT-enabled communication in crisis management situations. This case study takes place in an area that is prone to flooding. The goal is to use sensor nodes with advanced communication technologies to gather and analyze real-time data. This data will be used to evaluate flood risks and quickly share warnings. This research attempt relies on a well constructed cost analysis framework. The framework provides a thorough overview of expenses associated with each communication method, encompassing hardware acquisition, installation, ongoing maintenance, and data transfer. The project seeks to give stakeholders with practical insights into the economic feasibility of implementing certain communication technologies in the context of flood risk assessment by carefully measuring these cost elements. Moreover, certain criteria for evaluating performance are carefully defined in order to analyze the effectiveness and dependability of any communication technology. Parameters such as range, data rate, power consumption, and overall dependability are analyzed to establish the operational effectiveness of the installed sensor networks. Through rigorous performance assessment, the study aims to reveal the fundamental strengths and limits of each communication technology, therefore aiding decision-makers in their quest to enhance disaster management infrastructure. The outcome of this study endeavor gives significant insights that transcend basic technology comparison. By shedding light on the nuanced interplay between cost considerations, technological capabilities, and performance metrics, the research equips disaster management authorities with the requisite knowledge to make informed decisions regarding the adoption and deployment of IoT-enabled communication technologies. Ultimately, the results of this research effort carry important implications for strengthening disaster resilience and shielding vulnerable populations from the ravages of natural disasters.

Full-scale accelerated load testing of a new mechanised cement bound macadam (MCBM) pavement

The purpose of the research is to define and describe the performance behaviour during full-scale accelerated loading for a new heavy duty pavement type referred to as Mechanised Cement Bound Macadam (MCBM). MCBM is a cost-effective and reduced carbon footprint alternative to structural asphalt concrete and conventional concrete pavements. Four MCBM test sections were constructed with two key considerations in mind, the influence of layer thicknesses and maximum stone size within the gradation. In addition, defining the fundamental strength behaviour of the pavement, the failure mechanisms and their impact on perpetual pavement design were key objectives for the research. Dynamic and semi-static deflection measurements, strain measurements from strain gauges embedded in the pavement, crack mapping and transverse surface profile were collected at intervals throughout the accelerated loading. Performance testing showed that the stone interlocked structure is unique and undergoes multiple strength phases, enabling excellent shear and rut resistance by upholding vertical load bearing. The accelerated load testing also proved that significant structural strength remains post-bound phase. However, the MCBM design is based on a bound phase criterion and specifies a threshold fatigue stress value less than 30% of the flexural strength (breaking strength under four-point beam testing). Hence, the MCBM is perpetual by design and intended to function in the bound phase, requiring only intermittent resurfacing.

The Role of Parents in Supporting the Development of Early Childhood Potential: A Qualitative Exploration

Children are a gift given by God which is given as a mandate in carrying out tasks in the world to be useful and virtuous human beings. Parents are the first foundation for their children in teaching all education. Children's potential is a fundamental and main strength to be developed with good stimulus and directly given by parents from birth in a family environment. The importance of parents in understanding the potential development of their children in order to follow their children's interests and talents. Talent in children usually arises from hobbies they like, if parents support the development of the potential of children, these hobbies will become extraordinary talents. From the results of the author's research that at TPQ Al Amiin, the role of parents in developing the potential of early childhood is lacking because most parents there are still lacking in parenting education and several factors such as economic factors, egocentric factors and broken home factors which cause their children to become directionless.

A mobilised bearing capacity approach to the performance-based design of unpaved roads

Unpaved roads are used on low traffic or temporary roads such as for materials transport across construction sites or mines. Performance is usually expressed as a rut depth and if it becomes too large, the passage of vehicles may be hindered and repairs needed. A new design method to calculate the required aggregate thickness to avoid excessive rutting both at the surface and at subgrade level is proposed. Tyre size is an input parameter allowing application of the method to a wide range of cases from heavy haul roads to lightly trafficked local roads. A wide range of rut depths and axle passes may be specified, even as low as values typically required in proof roll testing. The proposed method takes a mobilised strength approach to predict permanent deformation on the first pass by means of newly derived hyperbolic relationships. The permanent deformation on the first pass is then coupled with a separately derived deformation accumulation (logistic) function to predict rut depths following the first pass. The adaptation of well-established bearing capacity design methods with fundamental soil strength parameters has provided a framework for the method’s application to a wide range of aggregate and subgrade soil types, including low-quality or recycled aggregates as well as those mechanically stabilised by geogrid.

Seismic displacement response of SDOF systems with SMA slip friction dampers

Owing to superelastic behavior, shape memory alloy (SMA) has been widely utilized to develop self-centering damping devices. Recently, the authors developed a novel SMA damper, i.e. the SMA slip friction (SMASF) damper. The cyclic behavior of the SMASF damper not only depends on the hysteresis shape factors of SMA bars, but also on the coefficient of kinetic friction and the slope of the friction plates. Hence, the basic working mechanism of the SMASF damper is different from that of conventional SMA dampers. In the early work, the features of the SMASF damper have been revealed by static cyclic loading tests. However, the seismic displacement responses of this novel damper remain unknown. To this end, this paper initiates with a brief introduction of the damper, including the configuration, working mechanism, and testing results. And then, extensive seismic analyses based on single-degree-of-freedom systems were conducted. Based on the constant-strength ductility demand spectra, the displacement responses of the SMASF damper were understood through the comparisons with conventional SMA damper and friction damper. A wide range of fundamental periods, strength capacities and seismic intensity levels were considered. Further, parametric analysis was conducted to assess the effect of the hysteresis shape factors of SMA bars and the coefficient of kinetic friction and the slope of the friction plates. This study also sheds light on the force-based seismic design method for this damper.

Application of Synthetic Taxonomic Measures to Assess the Investment Attractiveness of the Selected Companies in the Construction Materials Industry Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

The study used the synthetic taxonomic measure TMAI and BZW to determine whether the fundamental strength of 17 companies from the construction material industry listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange affects their investment performance. Companies whose operations are conducted mainly in Poland and whose profit and loss account is prepared in the calculation system were selected for the study. It was checked how the use of different methods of aggregation of the same diagnostic variables (with and without a pattern) affects the classification results. Investment efficiency was measured with the annual, logarithmic rate of return and the created rankings of companies for the years 2016-2021 were compared with it.

Dissecting value-growth strategies conditioned on expectation errors

We examine the previously documented effect between a firm’s FSCORE and book-to-market ratio proposed by Piotroski and So (2012) and analyze the authors’ expectation errors hypothesis from a present value perspective. We find a strong value premium which is concentrated among firms where book-to-market implied expectations are incongruent with underlying fundamental strength. Using the decomposition of variation in book-to-market ratios motivated by Cohen et al. (2003), we show that the observed effect between a firm’s FSCORE and book-to-market ratio is attributable to mispricing as the variation is mostly due to variation in expected returns rather than variation in expected profitability.

Soil–Geosynthetic Interaction Under Triaxial Conditions: Shear Strength Increase and Influence of the Specimen Dimensions

Geosynthetics are extensible reinforcements used to enhance the engineering performance of a soil. The transfer of stresses from the soil to the reinforcement is achieved through soil–geosynthetic interaction. The proposals from the literature to assess the shear strength of the reinforced soil under triaxial conditions use three different approaches. These involve analysing the reinforced soil: (i) as a homogeneous composite material (Approach A), (ii) as two different materials (Approach B), or (iii) as soil having the same fundamental shear strength, with the effect of the reinforcement represented as an additional lateral or confining stress (Approach C). In this paper, triaxial tests data of a soil reinforced with a geosynthetic, and specimens with different dimensions (diameters 70 and 150 mm) were used to assess changes in shear strength and to carry out a statistical analysis. The increases in shear strength of the reinforced soil and of the soil–geosynthetic interface were analysed using equations from the literature. The difference between the triaxial results obtained from specimens of different sizes was assessed using an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). When the joint term of the regression model was not statistically significant, the characterisation from different specimen sizes was used to generate soil failure envelopes. Thus, a new methodology to obtain a failure envelope with different specimen sizes is presented.

Climate change adaptation stories: Co-creating climate services with reindeer herders in Finland

Reindeer husbandry in the Arctic region is strongly affected by the local climate. Reindeer herders are used to coping with adverse weather, climate, and grazing conditions through autonomous adaptation. However, today's rapidly changing Arctic environment poses new challenges to the management of herding activities. Finding means for combining traditional and scientific knowledge without depriving any of the systems of its fundamental strengths is hence deemed necessary. In this work, we apply a transdisciplinary framework for knowledge co-production involving international researchers and reindeer herders from different cooperatives in northern Finland. Through ‘climate change adaptation stories’, we co-explore how climate predictions can inform herders' decision making during the herding season. Relevant decisions include the anticipation of summer harvest time, the inopportune periods of cold weather in spring, and insect harassment in summer. Despite their potential benefits for climate-sensitive decisions, climate predictions have seen limited uptake, mainly due to their probabilistic nature and lower quality compared with shorter-term weather forecasts. The analysis of two different adaptation stories shows that seasonal predictions of temperature for May and June can successfully advise about the likelihood of having an earlier than normal harvest. This information can be obtained up to three months in advance, helping herders to better arrange their time for other activities. Likewise, sub-seasonal predictions of temperature during April and May can be useful to anticipate the occurrence of backwinter episodes, which can support herders in deciding whether to feed reindeer in pens for longer, avoiding putting the survival of calves at risk. This study, which would benefit from co-evaluation in real world settings and consideration of additional adaptation stories, sets the basis for a successful co-production of climate services with Arctic reindeer herders. This research shows the potential to enhance the resilience of Polar regions, offering opportunities for adaptation while supporting the sustainability and culture of traditional practices of Arctic communities.

Stabilization of Batu Pahat Peat by Using Rice Husk Ash (RHA)

Malaysia possesses the distinction of being the ninth biggest expanse of peat soil land globally, hence encountering significant geotechnical challenges characterised by elevated moisture content, substantial organic composition, diminished shear strength, and reduced bearing capacity. The objective of this study is to investigate the fundamental geotechnical characteristics and strength of Batu Pahat peat that has been stabilised using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA). The application of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in the process of peat stabilisation has the potential to enhance the mechanical properties and strength of the soil. Nevertheless, the extensive utilisation of cement might result in environmental degradation. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the incorporation of agricultural waste by-products as a partial substitute for cement. Hence, the objective of this research is to employ Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a supplementary material in cementitious systems. An experimental investigation was undertaken to determine the ideal mix ratio by replacing cement with rice husk ash (RHA) in the range of 5% to 20%. The findings indicate that the peat under investigation can be classified as a hemic peat variety characterised by a high level of acidity. The experimental findings indicated that the peat treated with a 5% concentration of rice husk ash (RHA) (referred to as C95 RHA5) exhibited the maximum Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) value of 262 kN/m2. To validate the findings of the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test, an additional analysis was performed using the Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) technique. This examination aimed to confirm the presence of calcium, which serves as evidence for the observed improvement in strength. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the utilisation of RHA as a substitute for cement at a proportion of 5% exhibits potential for application in Hemic peat.

Financial Capital and Production Demand for Value-Added Innovations in SMEs

SMEs have characteristics and an important role in economy. Its independent characteristic makes it must be able to innovate. Innovation that has meaning with added value in innovation. Several influencing factors come from internal and external SMEs. Internal factors are believed to have a fundamental strength for SMEs to innovate. One of them that was used in this research was financial capital. In addition, external factors, also have meaning for innovation. In this research, production from demand was used as variable. This study aims to examine how financial capital and demand of production affect SME innovation. The research was conducted on one hundred SMEs in the Java region of Indonesia. The research was carried out post-pandemic, in first term of 2023. The research was conducted by analyzing the intervariable using the structural equation partial least square model. The research results that financial capital and demand for production influence innovation to create added value for SMEs. Through this research, it is hoped that SMEs will be able to find out that the financial capital factor needs to be strengthened to create innovation. Besides that, production demand also has a role in SMEs seeking innovation by providing added value to their production.

Quantification of uncertainty in a defect-based Physics-Informed Neural Network for fatigue evaluation and insights on influencing factors

Substantial advances in fatigue estimation of defective materials can be attained through the employment of a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN). The fundamental strength of such a framework is the ability to account for several defect descriptors while maintaining predictions physically sound. The first objective of the present work is the assessment of the PINN estimated fatigue life variability due to uncertainties carried by the inputs. Additionally, a set of sensitivity indices are employed to explore the influence of defect descriptors in fatigue life. The work suggested that some traditionally neglected defect descriptors may play a relevant role under specific circumstances.

Determinants of external debt, export-import, FDI, exchange rate, to foreign exchange reserves through balance of payments as intervening variables

Foreign exchange reserves are interpreted as part of national savings and are a very important monetary indicator to show the strength or weakness of the country's economic fundamentals. Foreign exchange reserves is influenced by various factors, including; external debt, exports, imports, investment, and balance of payments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determination (degree of influence) of factors of foreign debt, import exports, FDI, exchange rates, on foreign exchange reserves through and balance of payments (BOP). The research method used is a quantitative research method with secondary data types in the form of data series with a period of 12 years (2011-2022). The data analysis method used is path analysis. With the help of E-views software. The results of the analysis p there is a structure/path I obtained that the exchange rate variable has a real effect on the BOP (balance sheet), In the structure/path I it is obtained that the exchange rate variable has a real effect on the BOP. While simultaneously (together) it is known that the variables X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5 not significant effect on Y1 (balance of payments). The results of the structure/path II analysis found that the external debt variable had a real effect on the country's foreign exchange reserves, and simultaneously (together) it was known that the variables X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 and X6/Y1 had a real effect on Y2 (foreign exchange reserves). In addition, it was also found that the balance of payments /BOP variable as an intervening variable did not have a real effect on foreign exchange reserves.