Functions Of Reduplication Research Articles

A Comparative Study Between Javanese and Madurese Reduplication

The purpose of this study is to find out the similarities and differences both in the form and the function of the reduplication between Javanese and Madurese. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from Javanese and Madurese words. Madurese words will be collected randomly from some respondents who came from Madura, especially taken from daily conversation in the domain of the family. And discourse in Madurese folktale. Whereas, Javanese words will be taken randomly from Djaka Lodang magazine edition of Desember 2020, November 2021, Januari 2022 and some informants who come from Java especially in Bantul-Yogyakarta. The result showed that there were some similarities between Javanese and Madurese reduplication in the forms, such as: full reduplication, partial reduplication, reduplication combined with affixation, reduplication with sound modification and the word resembles of reduplication. While in the function have two types, i.e. inflective reduplication and derivative reduplication. Meanwhile, for the differences of reduplication, Javanese does not have the forms of final syllable reduplication, whereas Madurese does have and it is very dominant in daily conversation both in the formal or informal situation. The functions of reduplication, Javenese has class word Noun to be Adjective, whereas Madurese does not have.

Sociolinguistic Analysis of Lexical Reduplication in Undergraduates’ Utterances in Lead City University, Ibadan

Reduplication is a product of interference, a major phenomenon in the interlingual study. Lexical Reduplication deals with a situation whereby a particular lexical item is repeated side-by-side in a sentence to express the speaker’s feelings or thoughts. Reduplication, often occasioned by interference, occurs mostly among speakers of English as a Second Language (ESL or L2), irrespective of their level of education, status and proficiency in the English Language. This paper, under the purview of socio-semantics, undertook to analyze lexical reduplication in Nigerian English in the utterances of Lead City University, Ibadan undergraduates. Using Alsamadani and Taibah’s framework of the typology and functions of reduplication, data were collected from two (2) departments, each across five (5) faculties. Using a voice recorder, structured interviews and focused group discussions of Ten (10) students were sampled from the selected departments. The findings show the occurrence of full reduplication in the forty-four (44) transcribed utterances where lexical reduplication was realized. Words, groups and clauses were reduplicated for emphasis/iteration purposes 6 times (54.55%), for pluralisation purposes 4 times (36.36%) and 1 time (9.09) for nominalisation purposes. There was, however, no instance of reduplication for the function of the distribution. Furthermore, asides from the functions identified by the framework guiding this study, the data analysis shows that educated speakers of Nigerian English also use reduplication for the purposes of hesitation, affirmation and disapproval.

TYPES, FUNCTIONS, AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS OF REDUPLICATION IN SUMBAWA BESAR DIALECT

The study discusses the types, functions, and morphological processes of Reduplication in the Sumbawa Besar dialect. Data was taken from recorded conversation, which naturally occurred among the native speakers of Sumbawa Besar Dialect. The native were also interviewed to gain deeply information. Finding of this study describes some types of Reduplication in Sumbawa Besar Dialect namely full Reduplication, partial Reduplication, and reduplication variation of phoneme. In full Reduplication, the word is fully repeated without any additional morpheme or phoneme to the base word. For example, the base word ‘lao’ (slow) is fully reduplicated becomes ‘lao-lao’ (slowly). Partial Reduplication is partly the repetition of the base word. For example, ‘Barema’ (together) is the base form that is reduplicated by repeating the last phoneme to become ‘Barema-rema’. ‘Barema’ is the base and ‘rema’ is its phoneme which is repeated to form Reduplication. Reduplication variation of phoneme is the type of Reduplication which combines two different word classes and meaning to create meaningful Reduplication. As example, ‘sedo-gaso’ (supplies). ‘sedo’ is the first base word and the second word is ‘gaso’. Those are combined to create Reduplication becomes ‘sedo-gaso’ (supplies). Function of Reduplication in Sumbawa Besar Dialect was to change word classes as verb is changed into noun and change singular form to plural form of the noun. In example, ‘Mangan’ (eat) is the word class of verb which is changed into the word class of noun ‘Mangan’-‘Mangan’ (a picnic) in its Reduplication. In another example, the word Anak (a child) is the singular form of noun is changed into plural form Anak-dadi (children) in its Reduplication.

Indonesian Reduplication in Contemporary Java Song Lyrics

Abstract
 The presence of contemporary Javanese songs in the last two decades has become popular in Javanese society. Along with the times, new musical genres were present in the Javanese song scene, including campursari, dangdut koplo, and hip hop. Javanese language has been preserved in contemporary Javanese song lyrics, to show the authenticity of Javanese folk songs. In addition, there is the use of Indonesian in the lyrics of contemporary Javanese songs. The phenomenon of using Indonesian in contemporary Javanese song lyrics is an interesting thing to study. Based on linguistic units, it can be analyzed from the aspects of phonology, morphology, and syntax. Regarding morphological aspects, this study will discuss the reduplication of Indonesian in contemporary Javanese song lyrics. There are three stages of the strategy that were passed in this study, namely the stage of data collection, data analysis, and presentation of the results of data analysis. Data collection through listening to linguistic units in contemporary Javanese song lyrics. The note-taking technique is used to record the results of storing data on the data card in the form of transcription according to the spelling according to the applicable rules. Data analysis was carried out after classified data that was netted, to determine how reduplication in Indonesian is in contemporary Javanese song lyrics. Presentation of the results of data analysis was carried out formally and informally. Based on the research results, it was found that there were four reduplications in Indonesian in the lyrics of contemporary Javanese songs, namely basa-basi, cek-cok, kos-kosan, and sekonyong-konyong. The percentage of the number of reduplications in Indonesian in contemporary Javanese song lyrics is 5.6%. Based on its form, there are two types of reduplication in Indonesian in contemporary Javanese song lyrics, namely repetition with a combination of the process of adding affixes and repetition with phoneme changes. The function of reduplication in Indonesian in contemporary Javanese song lyrics is as verbs, nouns and adverbials. Meanwhile, in terms of the meaning of reduplication in Indonesian in the lyrics of contemporary Javanese songs, it is to express expressions used only for courtesy, quarrels, boarding houses, and suddenly.
 
 
 Keywords: reduplication, Indonesian language, contemporary Javanese song lyrics

The Study of Reduplication and Retriplication in the Yoruba Language

The Yoruba language, a regional lingua franca in Nigeria, which belongs to the Kwa sub-family of Kordofanian phylum of the larger African language family, is spoken in Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, Liberia, Brazil, Cuba, etc. The language attests a very productive feature of reduplication which has attracted the attention of many scholars. But its extended form, tagged, “retriplication” in this paper, remains largely unexplored. This study examines the form and functions of reduplication and retriplication which are two morphological processes where the former serves as a pedestal to the latter. While applying the participant observation method to elicit data from main Yoruba cities in Nigeria, the Pulleyblank (2009) model, as well as the descriptive and context usage approaches are employed to analyse and discuss the data. The study reveals that while reduplication process actualises intensification, nominalisation, emphasis and comparative qualifying, retriplication serves for more intensification, wider nominalisation, more emphasis and superlative qualifying. The research further reveals that, while all cases of verb and adjective reduplicates can be retriplicated without generating unacceptable utterances in Yoruba, the gerundive reduplicates cannot culminate in retriplication. However, kinship reduplicate allows retriplication when stretched to the third generation. The paper concludes by calling for more study on retriplication in other languages of the world, particularly, African and Asian languages that massively exhibit the two phenomena.

Two semantic patterns of reduplication

This paper focuses on the semantics of reduplicated forms. Apart from expressing plurality, intensity, distributivity, and other well-known iconic meanings, reduplication often derives forms that do not have quantitative differences from the original words. I propose that the relation between the original and reduplicated forms can be described not only through the notion of doubling, but also through inexact similarity. I further introduce a list of meanings that are based on the idea of similarity and are found in reduplicated forms in many languages. In particular, it concerns such functions of reduplication as a change of lexical class, expressing similarity and pejorativity. Attenuative and emphatic meanings of reduplication, as well as marking some oppositions in verbal systems, can be explained through the combination of the similarity and quantitative meanings. The main conclusion of the study is that the correlation between the form and the meaning of reduplicated forms is much stronger than is usually considered, and the notion of iconicity relating to reduplication should be significantly extended.

A type classification and a anlaysis on functions of reduplication in Korean

A type classification and a anlaysis on functions of reduplication in Korean

Reduplication Revisited

This case study considers the phonological forms of early lexical items produced by 1 normally developing boy, from 19 to 22 months of age, who began to produce all monosyllabic words as bisyllabic. In order to link this empirical data (the apparent creation of increased complexity) with universal tendencies (motivated by the reduction of complexity), the functions of reduplication were revisited. Phonological processes (i.e., reduplication and final consonant deletion) are viewed as repairs motivated by 2 interacting constraints (i.e., constraints on monosyllabic words and on word-final consonants). These longitudinal case study data provide further evidence for a relationship between final consonant deletion and reduplication. A possible treatment approach for similar patterns demonstrated clinically is recommended.

Forms and Functions of Reduplication in Colloquial Singaporean English

Some characteristics which give Colloquial Singaporean English its distinctive flavour and charm include the use of discourse particles like a, la, ma, ho, le, 10, me and one, invariant is/isn't question tags, got as an existential-locative verb, and topic-comment structures. This article looks at yet another pervasive feature, reduplication. used in the informal discourse of most Singaporeans irrespective of social class and ethnicity. The use of such strategies shows how Singaporeans have adapted the English language to suit their communicative styles and express their own identity. The article discusses how reduplication is used to create new meanings for its users and serves a multiplicity of functions. Examples of reduplication are presented under three grammatical classes: finite verbs and verb groups, nouns and modifiers.

A preliminary investigation of reduplication in children with specific language impairment.

The frequency of reduplication was examined in relation to syllable maintenance, final consonant production, and whole word repetitions in two preschool children with specific language impairment--one who reduplicated frequently and one who did so infrequently. Spontaneous speech was sampled for a period of 18 months. During the single-word utterance period, reduplication was associated with infrequent production of final consonants but frequent maintenance of multisyllabic structure. After the single-word utterance period the child who had frequently reduplicated during this period ceased reduplication but frequently produced whole word repetitions. Infrequent production of final consonants continued, but syllable maintenance decreased. The data are discussed in relation to hypotheses about the function of reduplication and the function of whole word repetitions in language development.