Functioning Of Social Institutions Research Articles

Everydayness of Peace and War

The article examines everydayness as an integrative sphere of society, which is dominant for a person since it is at the micro level that an individual forms his or her social reality. Dialectical relationships between the individual and the general can be traced in everydayness, a semantic content is formed, which makes it possible to understand what happens every day in the everyday life of a person. Therefore, everyday life acts as one of the mechanisms of formation of values, socialization and a source of formation of social capital at the micro-, meso-, and macro levels.
 On the basis of empirical data, it is shown that social capital accumulates in the everyday sphere, which is strong and can withstand external aggressive manifestations, such as Russia’s war against Ukraine. Ukrainian society can withstand full-scale military aggression due to solidarity ties, dense network communications, and social trust at the level of horizontal relationships. In this way, everyday life has a latent effect on the functioning of social institutions at the level of the city and the state which are the field of implementation of people's everyday routines.

Peranan Alokasi Dana Desa Dalam Pengembangan wilayah di Desa Pasi Mesjid Kecamatan Meureubo Kabupaten Aceh Barat

This article discusses the role of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Regional Development in Pasi Masjid Village. This writing aims to determine the impact of utilizing Village Fund Allocations in the development of rural areas in the last 5 years. The analytical method used in this study is a qualitative method consisting of indicators in this study namely APBDesa Planning, Fulfillment of Basic Needs, Institutional Strengthening, Increasing Village Potential, Infrastructure Improvement and Development of Rural Areas. The research was conducted in Pasi Masjid Village, Meurebo District, West Aceh Regency with a total of 15 respondents. The results of this study prove that the application of Village Fund Allocation has been directed at the physical and non-physical sectors so that the implementation of Village Fund Allocation Planning, Fulfillment of Basic Needs, Institutional Strengthening, Infrastructure Improvement and Rural Area Development has been carried out effectively in Pasi Masjid Village, Meureubo Regency. However, in the village of Pasi Masjid, it still requires optimizing the roles and functions of social institutions, improving rural infrastructure and improving the functioning of existing economic institutions in the village through increasing Village Fund Allocations.

Язык и социальные институты: взаимосвязь в границах этнической культуры

The research is focused on the determination of the interconnection between language and social institutions within the framework of ethnic cultures. The article analyzes the mutual influence of language and social institutions. On one hand, the functioning of social institutions is based on a fixed deontology that is represented in language. On the other hand, language itself can be seen as a consequence of institutional arrangements. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the application of an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of the interconnection between language and social institutions, drawing on theoretical models from the philosophy of language, philosophy of culture, and institutional theory. The research has established that the diversity of ethnic cultures manifests through the linguistic representation of institutional facts.

IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: EXPERT EVALUATIONS OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS AND INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE RUSSIAN BORDERLAND

The modern vision of human capital involves taking into account a wide range of components, not only health and education indicators, but also features of socialization and cultural development, including in the structure of the supra-professional skills that allow individuals to work in a team, be competitive and open to innovation. Human capital is an important driver of economic growth, but its impact depends not only on its qualitative and quantitative characteristics, but also on the institutional environment. Based on the results of the expert survey (n = 170) in six border regions of Russia, the authors study the problems of efficiency of human capital at the regional level, assess its different components and institutional conditions. The main conclusions of the study consist in the observation of systemic contradictions manifesting themselves in the interdependence of human capital and the functioning of social institutions and preventing border regions, especially those in the eastern part of Russia, maintain the human capital of the population at a high level and make full use of it for regional development.

Position of Higher Education System Graduates in the Labor Market: Search For New Opportunities

The ongoing socio-economic and socio-cultural changes bring about significant alterations in the social structure of society and the institution of education. This calls for in-depth research to predict the further development of social processes and determine effective methods of managing them at the society and regional levels. The employment of university graduates has essentially acquired the characteristics of a new social process after the abolition of obligatory employment by distribution. The emergence of new statuses (for example, mixed statuses), in which university graduates often find themselves being unemployed or working outside their professions, has become an acknowledged social fact. The interest of many sociologists in this problem is also due to changes in the functions of social institutions, including the institution of education, an important part of which is higher education. The study focuses on the importance of such obstacles as contradictions between the qualification programs, teaching methods, graduates’ competencies, employers’ requirements for the same competencies and qualifications, the mismatch between the studied theory and practice, and the identification and justification of the main employment strategies for university graduates. The study objectives are pursued through descriptive data analysis and the qualitative approach with a questionnaire as the main data collection method. The study is conducted on a sample of 130 organization leaders. The aforementioned problems and shortcomings of Kazakh university graduates’ training are detected and analyzed using comparative analysis. In accordance with the specifics of the labor market, the authors identify the market, paternalistic, and traditional strategies of university graduates’ employment.
 
 Received: 21 December 2021 / Accepted: 16 March 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022

Corruption in Ukraine and the World as a Trigger for the Weakening of the State

The article analyzes corruption as an extra-legal phenomenon that destroys the morality and values of society, threatens democracy and human rights, deforms the functions of state power, discrediting it both within the country and in the international arena. It is noted that the formation of dysfunctions in the sphere of public administration is not the main socio-political danger of corruption.The threat of "corrosion" and gradual destruction of social ties in the system of state regulation, public control and the functioning of social institutions is creating. The sociological and legal interpretation of corruption made it possible to study it as a trigger that weakens statehood, to reveal the social mechanism of the influence of corruption ties on state institutions, to assess the political, economic, legal, socio-structural and psychological factors of its spread. The authors characterize foreign and domestic “models” of corruption and ways of counteracting it from the standpoint of the ontological approach; she also has identified social markers that reflect its specificity in Ukraine; a real assessment of the degree of effectiveness of anti-corruption actions in Ukraine are presented; the expediency of analyzing corruption in the international aspect, especially the mechanisms, forms and methods of Ukrainian corruption spreading in the world corruption services and the penetration of transnational corruption into the Ukrainian political and economic space; it is also revealed the effect of the social mechanism of corruption in the structure of the state, as a result of which the process of state regulation loses its morality and social value. It is shown that the stable, actively "mutating", adaptive to the majority of social changes, the nature of corruption in Ukraine does not only forms and reproduces the tolerant attitude of government and a significant part of the public, but it also actively inhibits democratic transformations and deforms the public consciousness of Ukrainians. It is emphasized that "salus populi" is the most pragmatic option among the systemic models of fighting corruption (totalitarian, authoritarian, liberal).

What’s the Point? A Presentist Social Functionalist Account of Institutional Purpose

Although it is clear that many of the major contemporary social problems center on the extent to which social institutions do or do not function as they are meant to do, it is still unclear exactly what the function of a social institution is—and thus when this function is undermined. This paper presents and defends a novel theory of social functionalism—presentist social functionalism—to answer these questions. According to this theory, the function of social institutions is grounded in those of their features that, in the current cultural environment, increase their chances to survive or reproduce. To bring out the fruitfulness of this account, the paper analyzes the (still controversial) question of the function of corporations, and shows that present social functionalism (a) points to the kinds of data that would be helpful to determine this function, (b) brings up hitherto overlooked theoretical possibilities, and (c) allows for the clearer assessment and handling of corporate corruption.

Modern Reading of the Sociology of Morality

The paper analyzes theoretical concepts and empirical tools for the study of morality, altruism, contributing to the development of ideas, beliefs and values about justice or its absence and trust or distrust in oneself, people around and social institutions. The relevance of studying this issue has become especially acute during a pandemic, when questions of morality and ethics have become urgent for many people in everyday space with the daily choice of their own behavior, the safety of themselves and others during and after a pandemic. These research focuses are studied within the framework of an interdisciplinary approach to the sociology of morality. It is shown that the moral dimension of social reality is a key marker of social reproduction. This position is proved by the appeal of contemporaries within the framework of sociology, psychology, philosophy to these topics, as well as the author’s own empirical research conducted in 2019–2020 by filling out diaries for six months (165 people), where moral emotions arising in any life were recorded situations, the methodology of Sh. Schwartz was used to identify the basic values (survey of research participants) and focus group conversations (54 people), which made it possible to identify the discrepancy between the declared values and situational reactions to various interactions mediated by moral emotions. The article traces the influence of social interaction, produced through the influence of social institutions that develop group norms, on the behavior of individuals in certain situations of interaction and group reactions in the process of communication and subsequent assessments of this process. It is proved how moral emotions either strengthen the existing functioning of social institutions or destroy it, eroding the clear framework of what is proper, acceptable, and correct. It also shows how and why situational factors influence norms and values more than general ideas about moral norms. The article may be of interest to philosophers, sociologists and specialists in helping professions for fixing and reflecting on moral states and transformations of the modern social environment.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ИНСТИТУТЫ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЦИКЛИЧНОСТЬ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The purpose of the research is to study of the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclicality and dynamics of economic development in the context of identifying the role of social institutions at individual phases of the cycle of economic development, as well as consideration of the functions and tools of social institutions by phases of economic development. The subject of the research is a set of roles, functions and tools of social institutions related to different phases of the cycle of economic development. The methodological base is formed for the implementation of scientific research tasks. Its tools are methods that allow reflecting the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclical nature of the economy: the method of theoretical foundations, the method of grouping, the method of analysis, the method of comparison, the method of implication. As a result of the study, it is indicated that the functions of social institutions should be highlighted: the consolidation of emerging social relations, adaptation, regulatory processes, a communication basis and a translational basis. The instruments that influence economic fluctuations are formed in the context of social institutions. Thus, the institution of the family is characterized by the use of an optimization mechanism, the concept of sustainability of social relations, the concept of production and distribution of economic benefits in order to meet the needs of each of the subjects.

Анализ функций социальных институтов на основе текстовой информации

Анализ функций социальных институтов на основе текстовой информации

Field Philosophy and Social Justice

ABSTRACT Field philosophy is a method of philosophical practice. As such, it is open or neutral with regard to topic and content, to the social location of collaborators, and to the type of outcome or product that is its aim. With regard to its criteria, field philosophers may pursue philosophical collaborations in government, business, entertainment, religion, science, or other areas. In this paper, I respond to critiques of philosophers doing politically engaged work and then show that there are several reasons that field philosophy is strongly suitable for the pursuit of social justice. First, researchers with an existing interest in civic engagement and social justice will find field philosophy effective for achieving concrete goals. Second, social justice depends on ethical arguments, so there is an existing interest in incorporating philosophical perspectives. Third, field philosophers can draw on resources developed by feminist and racial justice scholars who have long theorized the association between academic practice and political engagement. And fourth, feminist and progressive inquiry develops insights into the functioning of social institutions. Cross-culturally, field philosophy is a research method that develops reflective participation in knowledge production and that supports academic engagement in decision-making for positive social outcomes, however, those are locally construed.

СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНА ДЕТЕРМІНАНТА ФЕНОМЕНУ СИМВОЛІЧНОГО НАСИЛЬСТВА

The article analyzes the sociocultural basis of constituting the symbolic space, the content of the symbolic violence phenomenon, the cultural and symbolic potential of the toponymics objects. It is established that practices of symbolic violence consist in constructing a system of subjective coordinates by imposing rules, senses, meanings, values that become self-evident. Symbolic space encompasses the collective consciousness of the socio-cultural community and has the ability to form a system of subjective coordinates where the individual's life activity unfolds. The intelligibility of symbolic space is conventionally established, which is provided by the process of socialization. Pursuing the goal of domination, hegemony, coercion, symbolic violence moves the real confrontation into a symbolic environment, directing the influence on the mental structures of the social subject. Giving to senses and meanings a legitimate character is a way to explain and substantiate social relations, their cognitive and normative interpretation. Accumulating the experience of community coexistence throughout its history, habitus is a set of dispositions that motivate an individual to a certain reaction or behavior. Habitus, which generates and structures practices, combines the individual tendency of the actor to act adequately to the situation, the interaction of actors in the community, and the interaction of the community and each of its members with reality. As a historically changing phenomenon, habitus determines the nature of interactions between individuals whose communication skills are consistent with the functioning of social institutions. An important component of the symbolic space and part of the cultural and historical discourse are the objects of toponymics, which explains the constant ideological and political interest in this segment of socio-cultural life. Objects of toponymics act as a marker of ordering social space, a tool for including the subject in socio-spatial landscapes. The renaming of toponyms demonstrates the connection between the social conditions in which it takes place and the reaction of the social relations entity to changes in the toponymic space.

The Problem of Transformation of Ideological Paradigms and Enforcement of Environmental Standards in Industrialized Regions

The article deals with the problem of interrelation of existing ideological paradigms with the enforcement of environmental standards in industrially developed coal regions. It is emphasized that the tasks of ideology as a reflection of industrial, technological, social and other processes include setting goals, defining standards and rules for the functioning of social institutions, it gives meaning to the actions of individuals, forms the daily consciousness of people, generates large-scale political movements. As a product of the development of society, ideology prescribes a model of development and appropriate design of all social institutions, strengthening control over social practices, including the sphere of management of industrialized regions. Attention is focused on the need for changes in the axiological structure of public consciousness based. Much attention is also paid to the significance of globalization, the development of biotechnologies, and the principles of bioethics, which are considered today as moral and ethical standards for modern scientific and technological progress. The innovative ideology of socio-economic development of modern society should be transformed and focused on the principle of environmentalism, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, diversification, and limiting the use of dangerous technologies. At the same time, special importance should be given to the priority position of the environmental imperative in the legal and normative regulation of industrial production and military technologies. And it is precisely the spread of ideological consciousness as a condition for political choice that, in this situation, becomes a necessary component for the exercise of power and the formation of a new practice of social management in industrialized regions.

Integrasi Sosial Masyarakat Multietnik Di Nagari Sitiung Kabupaten Dhamasraya

The transmigration program is one of the causes of the multi-ethnic communities in a place, becausein addition to the presence of different ethnic groups being moved to the area, it also invites the arrival of otherethnic groups from various places as a result of new economic developments in the direction of transmigrationdestinations. In many places in Indonesia there are conflicts between indigenous people and ethnic migrants. Incontrast to Nagari Sitiung, with the village bedol transmigration program since 1976 there are people withvarious ethnicities with dominant ethnic groups Minangkabau and Javanese, creating a harmonious life in thecommunity. So it is interesting to be researched how the functioning of social institutions in the communitycreates a harmonious life. The purpose of this study is 1) to analyze the workings of multi-ethnic communitysocial institutions, so that harmonious social integration takes place, 2) Describe the forms of social integrationof multi-ethnic societies, so as to support harmonious social life. As a knife for analyzing this research, thetheory rational choice was used by James Coleman. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach, whilethe type of research used is descriptive. Selection of informants by using purposive sampling. Data collection isdone by using observation techniques and in-depth interviews. The research results show that social integrationof the community occurs by the work of social institutions in the community that can integrate the community,especially the two dominant ethnic groups (Javanese and Minangkabau). Social institutions that work includemarriage and family institutions, political institutions, educational institutions, religious institutions, economicinstitutions. Forms of cooperation between ethnic groups supporting social integration are collaboration carriedout by the multi-ethnic community, such as in educational activities, the implementation of traditionalceremonies, religious ceremonies, mutual cooperation in various development activities and decision making inNagari Sitiung.

Pernikahan Wanita Hamil Karena Zina (Married by Accident) dalam Persfektif Sosio Kultural Masyarakat Metro Utara (Studi Tentang Dampak dan Upaya Penanggulangannya)

Abstract
 Marriage of pregnant women because of adultery is a legal matter as well as a social problem. Based on research on the reality of marriage of pregnant women due to adultery that occurs in Metro North District, the following matters can be concluded: Metro North people's perceptions of the legal provisions related to the marriage of pregnant women because adultery is largely influenced by the function of social institutions through religious leaders and community leaders, this has implications for the effectiveness and understanding of the public regarding formal law regarding the issue of pregnant marriage. Marriage of pregnant women due to adultery that occurs in Metro Utara Subdistrict as a social reality which is considered normal then constructs the sociological paradigm of the community of Metro Utara Subdistrict, which empirically describes the people's passivity towards the case of pregnant women due to adultery. Countermeasures for the issue of marriage of pregnant women due to adultery have been carried out by various parties in Metro Utara. These efforts include preventive, curative and repressive efforts. However, the existing efforts are still pragmatic and incidental.

Atuação do pedagogo e as questões de gênero e identidade na educação infantil

The main reflections presented in the article relate to gender and identity issues in children's education in the school education perspective and the experience of the pedagogical professional in the way their subjectivity is produced. In this sense, the development of gender roles and the construction of identity are socially elaborated and learned from birth, based on social and cultural relations established from the first months of life, but it is at the beginning of education that the child begins to perceive the difference between the feminine and the masculine. Consequently, the article prioritizes a number of thematic issues, a process that is therefore plural, polemical and complex, in which daily educational and pedagogical practices incite theoretical questions and problems, at the same time, that new theories and social movements provoke or transform these pedagogical practices. The article brings a study of this subject and is constituted from different disciplinary positions, theoretical and some concepts of the question of gender and identity. It is important to emphasize that understanding these concepts makes it possible to identify the values attributed to men and women as well as the rules of behavior resulting from these values. With this, it is evident: the influence of these values and rules on the functioning of social institutions, such as school; the influence of a possibility that allows us to think about differences without turning them into inequalities, that is, without differences being starting points for discrimination.

HORROR FILMS IN UNCONSCIOUS ANTHROPOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF BIOPOWER

Purpose. The article is devoted to horror films as forms of anthropological crisis in mass culture, which generate specific meanings and are presented in ways of control over consumer society, as well as act as unconscious ideological mediators of multiculturalism and globalization. Theoretical basis. The main working tool for the analysis of horror films is the method of historical amplification, developed by C. G. Jung, as a basis for comparative analysis of symbolic interpretations of cultural realities and traditions of American horror films. On this basis, the authors propose their own methodological strategy for the analysis of horror films, complementing the theoretical potential of Jungianism with methodological developments of Marxism and neo-Marxism, which can be called "Jung-Marxism". It is distinguished by the orientation and content of socio-cultural phenomena, the essence of which is considered in the context of the interaction of social and archetypal meanings of life of man and society, as well as allows to identify latent unconscious trends in the emergence and functioning of social institutions. With this approach, horror films are not only institutes of production and introduction of fear in consumer society, but also the biotic basis of management at all levels of social communication. Originality. Horror films have a significant impact on the consumer society on the basis of a special mythology, in which the manipulative and propaganda methods of formation and transmission of modern power are sublimated. And the emergence of the horror film genre in American and world cinema means abandoning the model of classical political power based on the sacralisation and rationalization of personal authority and physical coercion. The scientific reflection on the films of this genre allows us to understand the biotic mechanisms of manipulation of social space and the formation of the state of biopower as a new qualitative state of social control. Conclusions. The anthropological model of horror films is concentrated in the following maxim: fear consumes a man a man consumes fear, and the biopower consumes all the subjects of fear consumption, and all their socio-cultural context of communication. Therefore, horror films are a productive means of ideologue-propaganda infection, subsequent deformation and consumer substitution of the mental nucleus of other cultural traditions.

A neofeudalização da política mediatizada e a construção narrativa sobre a corrupção no Brasil

This paper aims to reflect on how the narrative on corruption constructed prior to the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff in Brazil in 2016 shaped the Workers’ Party (PT) as the only and most corrupt in the country, by pointing out that the end of corruption in Brazil would depend on the party’s departure from the power, therefore, of the then President of the Republic, considered as colluding with the dubious practices of his party. We analyze 6 editions of two Brazilian newspapers with large national circulation, Folha de S. Paulo and Estado de S. Paulo, published in December 2014. In the theoretical-methodological dialogue, we reflect on the public sphere, understood as the arena of public use of reason in the search for common goal and legitimacy of individuals and their acts from the communication processes of mutual consensus between peers; on mediatization, understood as the articulated virtualization of sociocultural processes by the media and its increasing influence on the day-to-day functioning of social institutions; and critical analysis of narrative and enunciation. The selection of print newspapers was based on the configuration of a locus of production and distribution of discourses that guide the interpretation, explanation and understanding of sociocultural events, as well as important devices and tools for the study of transformations social and cultural aspects of society and its instituti ons in contemporary times. As a result, we point out the narrative and enunciation strategies of the Brazilian press with the use of linguistic and extralinguistic elements in their games of journalistic conviction to construct the public image of President Dilma, distorted by omission or excess. We thus find that this narrative construction, in fact, represents the neofeudalization of the public sphere of Brazil. By neofeudalization we mean the establishment of a public sphere in which the public power is legitimized from the bonne volonte of political agents and, as an extreme of this process, the will of the mass media owners. In this sense, neofeudalization allowed us to see two distinct realities in the Brazilian political sphere: the exchange of favors between the journalistic field and the political field on the one hand, and on the other, in relation to the socio-political interests involved, the usually unilateral initiative of the field to define or define the normative rites of the political field. Thus, neofeudalization proves to be an important tool for understanding narrative rites and their motives in constructing or deconstructing the public image of political agents. This neofeudalization of media policy has, to a certain extent, strengthened the impeachment process of the former president, Dilma Rousseff, through the process of (de) construction and narrative (re)signification of the fight against corruption in Brazil.

Place Matters: Filipinos and Asian Indians in Jersey City, New Jersey

ABSTRACTFilipinos and Asian Indians became two of the largest Asian ethnic groups in the United States after the passage of the 1965 Hart-Cellar Act that abolished the 1924 Immigration and Naturalization Act's quota system and eventually encouraged a large influx of Asian migrants to enter the United States. These groups have high socioeconomic status compared to other U.S. immigrant groups. Jersey City, New Jersey, is home to a significant number of both groups, which makes it unique compared to other U.S. cities. Social institutions are utilized by every immigrant group but differently. Year of entry, income, and ethnicity can influence the type and function of social institutions for each group. Therefore, analyzing social institutions helps shed light on each group's experiences, and assists in determining the role that social institutions play in each group's community, which permits individual or collaborative policy recommendations for institutions.

Влияние духовно-нравственных ценностей молодежи на формирование гражданской культуры российского общества

The authors conducted a sociological analysis of the spiritual and moral values of the youth and their impact on the civil culture, which largely determines the forms of individual and group social activity and the functioning of social institutions. The implementation of the key function of values, i.e. the achievement of material goods and the spiritual development, to a certain extent, will allow to overcome the cultural gap between elites and common citizens, which is considered one of the main reasons for the failure of reforms in Russia. The study of transformation processes determined great interest in the social potential of the youth as a subject of social reproduction, and the civil culture is a key factor and element of modernization for it changes and activates value orientations of the younger generations and leads to the qualitative transformations of all spheres of society. The article is based on the empirical data of a number of sociological surveys conducted in 2016 in five cities of the south of the Tyumen Region. The empirical data prove that there is an obvious emerging shift from paternalistic expectations, passivity and low estimates of the future to the rationality, individualization and self-reliance. The authors emphasize the influence of mass media as one of the factors of the civil culture formation, which is evident in the impact of media on the moral and spiritual values of the younger generations.