Function Of Digestive System Research Articles

The Effect of Gum Chewing on Gastrointestinal System Functions in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review

In the postoperative period, gas and secretions in the stomach and small and large intestines due to delayed motility of the gastrointestinal system cause abdominal bloating, nausea, vomiting and pain, and this situation negatively affects the comfort level of patients. Chewing gum is among the methods used to prevent ileus after surgery. Chewing gum activates the cephalic vagal reflex and stimulates bowel function in the postoperative period. In this article, the effect of chewing gum in preventing ileus after colorectal surgery and the factors affecting the success rate are reviewed in the light of current literature.

Efficacy of combined use of octreotide and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate in patients with cirrhosis complicated with severe acute pancreatitis

Purpose: To assess the prognosis of liver cirrhosis complicated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) after treatment with octreotide in combination with sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Methods: A total of 164 patients with cirrhosis complicated with SAP were randomly assigned to two groups, each with 82 patients. Serum levels of inflammatory factors, as well as vascular endothelial function and liver function indices were determined. Treatment outcomes in the patients were recorded in terms of abdominal pain relief time, gastrointestinal function recovery time, hospital stay duration, and incidence of complications. Results: Relative to the control group, there were decreases in concentrations of inflammatory indices in the study cohort. Endothelial function index levels increased in the two groups, but the levels of endothelin (ET) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) decreased more in the study group of patients, when compared to the control group, while nitric oxide (NO) level was raised (p < 0.05). Liver function improved in both groups. There were marked reductions in serum ALT, AST and total bilirubin (TBIL) in study cohort, relative to the control cohort (p < 0.05). However, albumin (ALB) levels were comparable in the two groups. Abdominal pain relief time, duration of hospitalization and time taken for normal digestive system function were shorter in the study cohort (p < 005). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that after treatment with octreotide and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate, values of area under the curve (AUC) for abdominal pain relief time, gastrointestinal function recovery time and hospital stay were 0.886, 0.918 and 0.794, respectively. Conclusion: The combined use of octreotide and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibits the release of inflammatory factors in cirrhotic patients with SAP, and improves vascular endothelial and liver functions, thereby improving disease prognosis. These data constitute a good scientific basis for the use of octreotide and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate in the treatment of liver cirrhosis complicated with SAP.

Fluxapyroxad induced toxicity of earthworms: Insights from multi-level experiments and molecular simulation studies

Fluxapyroxad, an emerging succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, is widely used due to its excellent properties. Given its persistence in soil with a 50 % disappearance time of 183–1000 days, it is crucial to evaluate the long-term effects of low-dose fluxapyroxad on non-target soil organisms such as earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The present study investigated the impacts of fluxapyroxad (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg kg−1) on Eisenia fetida over 56 days, focusing on oxidative stress, digestive and nervous system functions, and histopathological changes. We also explored the mechanisms of fluxapyroxad-enzyme interactions through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Results demonstrated a significant dose-response relationship in the integrated biomarker response of 12 biochemical indices. Fluxapyroxad altered expression levels of functional genes and induced histopathological damage in earthworm epidermis and intestines. Molecular simulations revealed that fluxapyroxad is directly bound to active sites of critical enzymes, potentially disrupting their structure and function. Even at low doses, long-term fluxapyroxad exposure significantly impacted earthworm physiology, with effects becoming more pronounced over time. Our findings provide crucial insights into the chronic toxicity of fluxapyroxad and emphasize the importance of long-term, low-dose studies in pesticide risk assessment in soil. This research offers valuable guidance for the responsible management and application of fungicides.

Effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide and honokiol intervention on the proliferation, apoptosis, and calcium signaling pathway of rat enteric glial cells

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule that influences digestive and nervous system functions. Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are integral to the enteric nervous system and play a role in regulating gastrointestinal motility. This study explored the dual effects of exogenous H2S on EGCs and the influence of apoptosis-related pathways and ion channels in EGCs. We also administered honokiol for further interventional studies. The results revealed that low-concentration H2S increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of EGCs, decreased the whole-cell membrane potential, downregulated BAX and caspase-3, upregulated Bcl2 expression, reduced apoptosis, and promoted cell proliferation. The Ca2+ concentration, Cx43 mRNA, and protein expression were also increased. A high concentration of H2S had the opposite effect. In addition, GFAP mRNA expression was upregulated in the test-low group, downregulated in the test-high group, and upregulated in the test-high + Hon group. Honokiol treatment increased MMP, reduced whole-cell membrane potential, inhibited BAX and caspase-3 expression, increased Bcl2 expression, decreased cell apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. The Ca2+ concentration, Cx43 mRNA, and protein expression were also upregulated. In conclusion, our study showed that exogenous H2S can bidirectionally regulate EGC proliferation and apoptosis by affecting MMP and cell membrane potential via the Bcl2/BAX/caspase-3 pathway and modulate Cx43-mediated Ca2+ responses in EGCs to regulate colonic motility bidirectionally. Honokiol can ameliorate the damage to EGCs induced by high H2S concentrations through the Bcl2/BAX/caspase-3 pathway and improve colon motility by increasing Cx43 expression and Ca2+ concentration.

Early anatomical development of the digestive system and high intestinal digestive enzyme activity in two silverside species, Odontesthes bonariensis and O. hatcheri (Atherinomorpha: Atherinopsidae) Elva

Integrative studies are important for a better understanding of the functional development of fish digestive systems and the consequent design of suitable feeding regimes and ad-hoc diets. To characterize the ontogeny of digestive function in larvae and juveniles of two atherinopsids from South America, Odontesthes bonariensis and O. hatcheri, morphologic, histologic, and intestinal enzyme biochemical analyses were performed. Both species showed a functional digestive system from one week after hatching (wah) with a sustained high-level activity of the cytosolic enzyme leucine alanine peptidase (leu-ala) until 9 and 13 wah in O. hatcheri and O. bonariensis, respectively. Maximum specific leu-ala activities in both species were higher compared to other agastric and most gastric fish. These results and the abundant pinocytic vacuoles in the posterior intestine suggest that cytosolic digestion is crucial for these species. It seems that their apparent anatomically simple digestive system is compensated by an uncommonly early development and function of the digestive tract and accessory organs accompanied by high intestinal cytosolic activity. The above findings contribute to the understanding of the Atherinopsidae digestive model and, for the first time, suggest that under farming conditions, these species could be weaned at an early developmental stage with an appropriate balanced diet.

Ontogeny of the digestive enzyme activity of the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) under culture condition

The pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is a species with a high potential for aquaculture and a valuable food with high market acceptance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional ontogeny of digestive enzyme of pikeperch from hatching to 45 days-post fertilization, 777 degree-day (DPF, dd) under culture condition. The average total length (TL) of larvae measured at hatching was 3.6 ± 0.4 mm (5 DPF; 67 dd) and at the end of experiment (45 DPF, 777 dd) was 27.1 ± 1.1 mm. The survival rate was 80–90% during the experiment period. Inhibition zimography reveals the presence of nine bands with proteolytic activity in the digestive tract of juvenile pikeperch. Zimography results during the ontogeny revealed that in larvae at 8 DPF (108 dd) and 13 DPF (189 dd), three bands were presented. The variations observed in the enzymatic activity reflected a high amount of total protease activity at 10 DPF (133.5 dd). Regarding pepsin, its activity was observed for the first time at 26 DPF (378.9 dd). Lipase activity remained constant from hatching to 26 DPF (378.9 dd). The highest amount of α-amylase activity was detected at 15 DPF (211.5 dd) and 45 DPF (777 dd). The low lipase enzyme activity suggested that live feeds with low lipid were more suitable than diets containing high lipid levels; larvae had also early capability to digest nutrient-dense diet that was high in protein. According to results the pikeperch larvae possess after the exogenous feeding, a functional digestive system with high activities that indicated the gradual development of the digestive system.

Changes in serum TIM-3 and complement C3 expression in workers due to Mn exposure.

Mn (Manganese, Mn) is an essential trace element involved in various biological processes such as the regulation of immune, nervous and digestive system functions. However, excessive Mn exposure can lead to immune damage. Occupational workers in cement and ferroalloy manufacturing and other related industries are exposed to low levels of Mn for a long time. Mn exposure is one of the important occupational hazards, but the research on the effect of Mn on the immune system of the occupational population is not complete, and there is no reliable biomarker. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the immunotoxicity of Mn from the soluble immune checkpoint TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing protein 3, TIM-3) and complement C3. A total of 144 Mn-exposed workers were recruited from a bus manufacturing company and a railroad company in Henan Province. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used to detect the concentration of RBC Mn (Red blood cell Mn, RBC Mn), and ELISA kits were used to detect serum complement C3 and TIM-3. Finally, the subjects were statistically analyzed by dividing them into low and high Mn groups based on the median RBC Mn concentration. We found that Mn exposure resulted in elevated serum TIM-3 expression and decreased complement C3 expression in workers; that serum TIM-3 and complement C3 expression showed a dose-response relationship with RBC Mn; and that the mediating effect of complement C3 between RBC Mn and TIM-3 was found to be significant. The above findings indicate that this study has a preliminary understanding of the effect of Mn exposure on the immune system of the occupational population exposed to Mn, and complement C3 and TIM-3 may be biomarkers of Mn exposure, which may provide clues for the prevention and control of Mn occupational hazards.

The concept and development direction of elderly oriented food

Active response to the challenges posed by aging has been established as a national strategy, accompanied by continuous refinement of policies concerning aging work. Decreased digestive system function is commonly present in the natural aging process of older people, which directly affects their food intake, digestion, and absorption, leading to decreased appetite and various forms of malnutrition. It is also a risk factor for age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, and frailty. Nutrition is the foundation for achieving healthy aging. In order to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly population, the Nutrition and Healthy Aging Working Group at the Shanghai Junshi Institute of Life Sciences introduced the concept of "elderly-oriented food" in 2022. In the future, there is an urgent need for comprehensive collaborative efforts to conduct a series of investigations focused on the dietary habits and nutritional requirements of older individuals, in order to evaluate the level of awareness, genuine demands, dietary preferences, and capabilities of selection regarding to the elderly-oriented food. Simultaneously, it is recommended to introduce "Guidelines for the production and application of elderly-oriented food" at the national level to promote the sustainable and orderly development in food industry.

Network Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of different traditional Chinese medicine injections in treating post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure

This study aims to systematically review the efficacy and safety of different traditional Chinese medicine injections combined with conventional treatment for patients with post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure. The relevant randomized controlled trial(RCT) was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library with the time interval from inception to May 13, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Network Meta-analysis was then performed in RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1. A total of 68 RCTs involving 11 traditional Chinese medicine injections and 5 995 patients were included. The results were explained based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).(1) In terms of reducing major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE), the therapies followed the trend of Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(83.8%) > Yiqi Fumai Injection+conventional treatment(57.1%) > Xuebijing Injection+conventional treatment(56.6%) > Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(53.1%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(45.3%) > conventional treatment(4.0%).(2) In terms of increasing left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), the therapies followed the trend of Yiqi Fumai Injection+conventional treatment(84.0%) > Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(69.6%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(62.7%) > Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(61.6%) > Shuxuening Injection+conventional treatment(54.8%) > Shenqi Fuzheng Injection+conventional treatment(46.7%) > Shengmai Injection+conventional treatment(45.9%) > Breviscapine Injection+conventional treatment(39.9%) > Danhong Injection+conventional treatment(38.8%) > Huangqi Injection+conventional treatment(38.7%) > conventional treatment(7.3%).(3) In terms of reducing B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), the therapies followed the trend of Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(98.6%) > Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(57.7%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(52.5%) > Shengmai Injection+conventional treatment(30.1%) > conventional treatment(11.0%).(4) In terms of reducing cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ), the therapies followed the trend of Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(92.3%) > Yiqi Fumai Injection+conventional treatment(61.5%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(51.2%) > Shengmai Injection+conventional treatment(48.1%) > Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(26.6%) > conventional treatment(20.3%).(5) In terms of reducing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), the therapies followed the trend of Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment(79.9%) > Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment(68.1%) > Shenfu Injection+conventional treatment(63.1%) > Xuebijing Injection+conventional treatment(56.7%) > Shengmai Injection+conventional treatment(51.1%) > Shenqi Fuzheng Injection+conventional treatment(42.8%) > Huangqi Injection+conventional treatment(34.7%) > conventional treatment(3.5%).(6) A total of 22 RCTs reported the occurrence of adverse reactions, mainly involving the damage of the circulatory system, digestive system, and coagulation function. The current evidence suggested that Xinmailong Injection+conventional treatment may have the best therapeutic effect in reducing MACE and BNP; Yiqi Fumai Injection+conventional treatment may be the best in increasing LVEF; Shenmai Injection+conventional treatment may be the best in reducing cTnI and hs-CRP. The safety needs further quantitative research and analysis. However, more high-quality RCT is required to validate the above conclusions due to limitations in the quality and quantity of the included studies.

Maternal Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and Mortality in Offspring From Birth to Young Adulthood: National Population-based Cohort Study

(BMJ 2022;379:e072157) A large portion of pregnancies are affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and they have been associated with poor outcomes during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, and for children later in life. This study aimed to understand the association between overall and specific maternal HDP with overall and cause-specific mortality in children from birth to adulthood. Secondary to this aim, this study also investigated whether diabetes and education have an additional effect on children’s mortality and whether the timing of onset for HDP makes a difference. Primary outcomes were all causes of death, and secondary outcomes were specific causes: cancer, mental or behavioral disorders, conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities, external causes, and diseases related to cardiovascular function, infection or parasite, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic function, nervous system or sense organs, respiratory system function, digestive system function, musculoskeletal system or connective tissue, or genitourinary system function.

Piezo1 in Digestive System Function and Dysfunction.

Piezo1, a non-selective cation channel directly activated by mechanical forces, is widely expressed in the digestive system and participates in biological functions physiologically and pathologically. In this review, we summarized the latest insights on Piezo1's cellular effect across the entire digestive system, and discussed the role of Piezo1 in various aspects including ingestion and digestion, material metabolism, enteric nervous system, intestinal barrier, and inflammatory response within digestive system. The goal of this comprehensive review is to provide a solid foundation for future research about Piezo1 in digestive system physiologically and pathologically.

Effect of Early Mobilization on Intestine Peristaltic in Post Laparatomy Surgery in Inpatient Room

Mobilization is an independent action for a nurse in carrying out nursing care for post-surgical patients. Many benefits can be achieved from early postoperative mobilization exercises, including increasing the speed of breathing depth, increasing circulation, increasing urination and metabolism. Laparotomy is an action involving the abdominal cavity that can be performed with open surgery. This research aims a. maintain body functions and prevent deterioration and restore the range of motion of certain activities so that sufferers can return to normal or at least be able to meet their daily needs. b. Streamlining blood circulation. c. helps breathing to become strong for and to determine the effect of early mobilization on intestinal peristalsis in postoperative laparotomy patients in the Inpatient Room of the Nene Mallomo Regional General Hospital. The research design used in this study was a quasi-experimental design: non-equivalent control group design. This research was carried out by providing intervention in the form of giving early mobilization. While the control group was not given any treatment by the researchers apart from observing intestinal peristalsis. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method with a total sample of 30 people consisting of a control group and a treatment group of 15 people each, then the results were tested by means of the Independent Sample T-Test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of this study found that changes in intestinal peristalsis in postoperative laparotomy patients in the Inpatient Room of the Nene Mallomo Regional General Hospital in the group given early mobilization (treatment group) averaged 11.200 (±0.262), changes in intestinal peristalsis in postoperative laparotomy patients in the Inpatient Room of the Nene Mallomo Regional General Hospital in the control group the average was 1.533 (± 0.723), and there was an effect of early mobilization on changes in intestinal peristalsis in postoperative laparotomy patients in the Inpatient Room of the Nene Mallomo Regional General Hospital (p=0.001 ). The conclusion is that early mobilization can increase intestinal peristalsis in post-laparotomy patients in the Inpatient Room of the Nene Mallomo Regional General Hospital so that it is expected that health workers will continue to carry out early mobilization in post-laparotomy patients and in post-laparotomy patients as early as possible to speed up the recovery process. function of the patient's digestive system.

ALAT PERAGA EDUKATIF DIGITAL SISWA DI MTS UNTUK VISUALISASI MATA PELAJARAN IPA

MTS darul huda is one of the tsanawia madrasah schools that are in jabon county. Like the madrasah tsanawia in general, the learning system at the madrasah tsanawia darul huda still USES the age-old method of using book study medium or images-picture 2d. This makes students saturated with learning especially like natural science subjects that require a realistic picture. According to current curriculum, referring to the 2013 revision of curriculum, the 2017 revision of the 2017 revision of the human body's anatomy materials are taught in eighth grade level, with the theme for human digestive materials that study the structure and function of human digestive systems. The expansion of the applications in augmented reality technology implementation methods in augmented reality as a augmented reality visual tool incorporating a multimedia development life cycle consisting of six stages: concept, design, material collection, manufacture, testing, The distribution of the marker or marker is a picture used to create 3d objects in a augmented reality system to generate a augmented reality app based on the overall result that the end result of the research, which is a digital educational display app for science at MTS darul huda and augmented reality reality can be run on the android device for Alt.

Soil bacterial community composition and diversity respond to soil environment in rooftop agricultural system

The rooftop farm is of increasing interest in urban food production and greening, which operates with less environmental impact than conventional farms. However, the evidence about the bacterial community composition and soil environment in rooftop farm is still insufficient. In this study, three sampling sites (the original soil sample, the soil samples after a seven-year natural cycle, and the soil samples after a seven-year microcirculation system) were selected to study soil properties, bacterial communities, and the relationship between the two in a rooftop farm. Based on high-throughput sequencing, 61 phyla, and 1125 genus were identified in 15 soil samples. Among them, Acidobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla. At the genus level, microcirculation system increased the relative abundance of Nitrospira. In addition, the co-occurrence network demonstrated that the dominant soil properties to influence bacterial community were total nitrogen and organic matter in rooftop farm. Notably, microcirculation system effectively increased the contents of total nitrogen and total organic carbon by about 2 and 3.5 times, respectively, indicating the effectiveness of microcirculation system in altering rooftop soil and microbial communities. The function predictions of microbial taxa showed that the bacterial function of digestive system and excretory system significantly enriched in microcirculation system. Taken together, the microcirculation system of rooftop farm effectively improved the soil environment and altered bacterial community, which is of considerable application value in building rooftop farms.

The Harm of Methamphetamine Abuse and Studies of Drug Interventions

The trend of drug abuse is widespread in the world. As a new type of drug, methamphetamine (METH) has been taken by most abusers in China. There was a long methamphetamine abusing history until now, it could cause excitatory and hallucinogenic and bring serious consequences to the abusers. The consequence of methamphetamine abuse reflected in a serious damage to the nervous system, cardiovascular system and digestive system of abusers, the abnormal nervous system made abusers have strong dependence on this drug. Therefore, drug intervention to METH abuse has become an urgent problem to medical community and society. By now, there have been a variety of synthesis researches worked on western medicines and Chinese tradition medicines, which confirmed that they played important role in inhibiting dependence of methamphetamine abuse addiction, regulating or restoring the normal function of nervous and digestive systems. This study will take the relative mechanism of METH abuse causing body harm as the breakthrough point, then give a brief overview to aim at the specific role of drug intervention to the improvement of body's tissues and organs, and the regulation of related molecular mechanisms.

The Effect of Sexes and Seasons on the Morphological Structures of the Ruminant Digestive System of Blue Sheep (Pseudois nayaur)

Constant adaptation to environmental changes is required by ruminants to allow them to adapt to different ecological niches and feeding habits. In addition, the morphology and function of ruminant digestive systems reveal some adaptive evolutionary characteristics. Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) display a variety of morpho-physiological adaptations that are typical of grazers. In this study, we collected 64 adult blue sheep samples (whole animal carcasses) from the Helan Mountains, China, during different seasons. The external morphological parameters, digestive system morphological indexes, and rumen surface enlargement factors were determined. Our results reveal that the rumen and reticulum weights were positively correlated with the body weight (p = 0.004), while the food channel aperture, intestinal length, and weight of the blue sheep digestive tract presented no significant differences between different seasons (p > 0.05) and sexes (p > 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in the density, length, and width of mastoids, and the rumen surface enlargement factor was 2.85 ± 1.37, which is typical of roughage feeders. The nutritional and ecological characteristics of blue sheep represent obvious morphological and physiological adaptations to an herbivorous diet. Adopting a quick foraging strategy allows blue sheep to rapidly consume and excrete large amounts of feed, thus obtaining the required energy for their activities and facilitating better adaption to environmental changes.

Mentha arvensis and Mentha × piperita-Vital Herbs with Myriads of Pharmaceutical Benefits

Mentha arvensis L. and Mentha × piperita L. are herbal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and are widely cultivated for their essential oils and culinary uses. These herbs are commercially valuable mints used in the preparation of herbal formulations, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and in food industries. Due to the presence of potential secondary metabolites, mints were employed to treat various disorders since ancient times in traditional medicines. The extracts of M. arvensis and M. × piperita can improve the function of digestive system, central nervous system and respiratory system of the human body. Majority of the health benefits of these herbs are attributed by the essential oil components. In addition, the administration of M. arvensis and M. × piperita under various pathological conditions studied in vitro and in vivo facilitated the recovery of detrimental ailments. Due to the increasing demand for natural product-based medicines, research is focused on the utilization of phytochemicals to treat various ailments. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of health benefits of M. arvensis and M. × piperita, the present endeavor deals with the antioxidant property, anti-inflammatory property, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer activities of both species. However, a deeper knowledge on the specific metabolites of M. arvensis and M. × piperita and their mode of action against different disease targets will accelerate the discovery of novel natural drugs with less side effects and higher efficiency.

Edwardsiella ictaluri Almost Completely Occupies the Gut Microbiota of Fish Suffering from Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (Esc)

To reveal the changes in the gut microbiota of yellow catfish after being infected by Edwardsiella ictaluri, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial composition and diversity of the healthy and diseased yellow catfish. The gut microbial richness and diversity of the diseased fish were significantly lower than those of healthy fish. The composition and predicted function of yellow catfish gut microbiota were drastically altered after infection by E. ictaluri. Fusobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the gut of the healthy fish, while Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the gut of the diseased fish. At the genus level, the gut of healthy fish was dominated by Cetobacterium, Plesiomonas, and Romboutsia, while the gut of diseased fish was overwhelmed by the pathogenic E. ictaluri (99.22 ± 0.85%), and Cetobacterium, Plesiomonas, and Romboutsia disappeared. This is the most characteristic feature of the intestinal microbiota composition of yellow catfish edwardsiellosis. The same sequence of E. ictaluri was detected in the intestine of the healthy fish and the liver and intestine of the diseased fish. The anaerobic and Gram-positive bacteria were significantly decreased, and the digestive system, immune system, and metabolic functions of the gut microbiota were significantly reduced in the diseased fish gut. This may be part of the pathogenesis of fish edwardsiellosis.

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Infection: 10% Povidone Iodine Miracle

Gastrostomy is the procedure of inserting a tube through the abdominal wall into the stomach in order to provide nutrition in cases where gastrointestinal system functions are normal but oral intake is not sufficient and enteral nutrition is predicted to take more than 4-6 weeks. Gastrostomy was first introduced in 1980. Although minor complications such as peristomal infection and infiltration, pneumoperitoneum, gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration may be seen due to gastrostomy; Major complications such as necrotizing fasciitis, colocutaneous fistula and aspiration may also occur. In the literature, 1–4% minor and 8–30% important results related to gastrostomy are reported. Peristomal, which is one of the gastrostomy minor examinations, can already be treated with close and good care. In our case report, infections that may occur at the gastrostomy insertion site were reported, possible causes were discussed, a case with a diagnosed with peristomal infection and treated with povidone iodine solution (baticone/betadine) was presented, and the literature on the subject was compiled.

Clinical translation of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury still premature: results from a single-arm meta-analysis based on 62 clinical trials

BackgroundHow much scientific evidence is there to show that stem cell therapy is sufficient in preclinical and clinical studies of spinal cord injury before it is translated into clinical practice? This is a complicated problem. A single, small-sample clinical trial is difficult to answer, and accurate insights into this question can only be given by systematically evaluating all the existing evidence.MethodsThe PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to February 10, 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the literature search, identified and screened the studies, and performed a quality assessment and data extraction.ResultsIn total, 62 studies involving 2439 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 42 were single-arm studies, and 20 were controlled studies. The meta-analysis showed that stem cells improved the ASIA impairment scale score by at least one grade in 48.9% [40.8%, 56.9%] of patients with spinal cord injury. Moreover, the rate of improvement in urinary and gastrointestinal system function was 42.1% [27.6%, 57.2%] and 52.0% [23.6%, 79.8%], respectively. However, 28 types of adverse effects were observed to occur due to stem cells and transplantation procedures. Of these, neuropathic pain, abnormal feeling, muscle spasms, vomiting, and urinary tract infection were the most common, with an incidence of > 20%. While no serious adverse effects such as tumorigenesis were reported, this could be due to the insufficient follow-up period.ConclusionsOverall, the results demonstrated that although the efficacy of stem cell therapy is encouraging, the subsequent adverse effects remain concerning. In addition, the clinical trials had problems such as small sample sizes, poor design, and lack of prospective registration, control, and blinding. Therefore, the current evidence is not sufficiently strong to support the clinical translation of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury, and several problems remain. Additional well-designed animal experiments and high-quality clinical studies are warranted to address these issues.