Administrative Functions Research Articles

Status of satellite countries and protectorate of the Third Reich during the Second World War: historical and legal analysis

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal status of the satellite countries and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and to identify common and distinctive features. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of philosophical, general scientific and special methods of cognition. The dialectical method was used to clarify the prerequisites for the emergence, formation and development of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The systemic-structural method made it possible to distinguish the constituent elements of the legal status of the Protectorate and its satellite countries. The comparative legal method was used to compare the forms and methods of interaction between the Third Reich and the satellite countries. Results. Thus, the Nazi theory of the occupation administration in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia aimed to preserve the appearance of a relatively independent Czech state under German administration. In this regard, a dual system of governance, the German-Czech system, was maintained for a long time. The Czech component was represented by the president and the government, which had executive and administrative functions. The general management of the protectorate was entrusted to a protector appointed by the Reich Chancellor. The satellite states retained national power. Restrictions concerned only foreign policy activities, which had to be coordinated with the Third Reich. Common to the Protectorate and the satellite states was the subordination of the economic and military spheres to German needs. Scientific novelty. The study shows that the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia did not correspond to the classical understanding of the concept of "protectorate", as it was not the result of an interstate agreement, but a unilateral decision of the Nazi German authorities. In addition, the author clarifies the organizational and legal framework of the autonomous authorities of the Protectorate and establishes that their activities were regulated by the regulations adopted in the Third Reich. Practical significance. The formulated conclusions can be used in research work – for the formation of a systematic approach to understanding the legal status of satellites and protectorates and in the educational process – in the formation and teaching of the discipline "History of State and Law of Foreign Countries".

Determinan tata kelola pemerintahan pada OPD kabupaten Bima

This study aims to examine whether the regional financial accounting system, human resource competence, transparency and accountability of financial management have an effect on good governance. The approach used is quantitative data. This study’s population is all OPD in Bima Regency with the sample criteria, namely employees who carry out accounting or financial administration functions. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a sample of 122 respondents. The results of this study indicate that regional financial accounting systems and financial management transparency have no effect on good governance, while human resource competency and financial management accountability have a positive effect on good governance. The implication of this research is that the Bima Regency Government can improve the competence of employees who work as financial managers by providing education and training related to good governance and placing appropriate apparatus in the field of regional financial management. The results of the research contribute to enriching knowledge regarding the application of Stewardship Theory. The government as the holder of the trust can carry out good governance. The financial accounting system must comply with predetermined standards so it can produce financial reports that can be accounted for, are relevant, reliable, comparative and verifiable.

CHALLENGES MET AND STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY THE SCHOOL HEADS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING MODALITY

This study determined the challenges met and strategies employed by the school heads in Magallanes South District, Division of Sorsogon in the implementation of modular distance learning modality along with facilitating learning, provision for instructional materials, pupils’ development and teachers’ supervision and evaluation. This descriptive-survey research utilized survey questionnaires and unstructured interviews to 12 school heads, S.Y. 2021-2022. Results indicated that the topmost challenges met by the school heads were limited teaching interaction and risks in conducting home visitation, delimitation in the assessment components, insufficient budget allocation, inconsistency in giving grades and difficulty in validating pupils’ performance, the bulk of workloads and delimitation in the conduct classroom observation. Hence, to address the challenges, the participants devised strategies such as facilitation of community partnerships, home visitation, training and capacity building, realignment of funds, utilization of existing school resources, revised assessment criteria, a delegation of responsibilities, and scheduled teachers’ observation through video lesson presentation. It was concluded that the challenges were heightened and became inevitable due to the human mobility restrictions in different contexts due to the pandemic. These challenges muddle the academic and administrative functions of the school heads. However, despite the challenges, results illustrated the aptitude of the school leaders to lead by example and to show resiliency in maintaining and furthering the school institution through their creativity and intuitiveness in strategizing so as not to hamper the quality of education.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0002/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Digital accessibility as a determinant of changes in the functioning of public administration?

The sphere of public management is characterised by several important factors. These include, among others, a modern and at the same time society-oriented way of implementing public tasks. The idea of digitization of public administration is connected with digital accessibility. The needs of people with disabilities have become one of the basic measures of effective and friendly e-government in the 21st century. The aim of the article is to characterise the principles of digital accessibility in terms of using the electronic administration. The object of the study is to identify requirements and challenges for public administration in terms of ensuring digital accessibility. The analysis of the subject, will allow to answer the question: whether and to what extent digital accessibility is a determinant of changes in the functioning of public administration?". The first part of the work contains issues concerning digital transformation in public administration. The second presents the main objectives and requirements of digital accessibility.

Pengelolaan Usaha Tiram Bakar dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Ekonomi Keluarga di Lajari Kabupaten Barru

The purpose of this study was to determine the financial condition of the baked oyster business actors and the application of administrative functions in managing the oyster business in Lajari, Barru Regency to increase family financial income. This study uses a qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation. The survey results show that the management of the grilled oyster business in Lajari, Barru Regency, is growing every year, so that the income of the grilled oyster entrepreneur s family has increased, and the business manager has implemented a business management function and management strategy, so that grilled oysters develop and are known by many people and last until at the moment.

Republic of Slovenia

This report presents the estimates of tax gaps for corporate income tax (CIT) for non-financial corporations in Slovenia by applying the methodology of the IMF’s RA-GAP (Revenue Administration – Gap Analysis Program). This work is being undertaken under the context of the larger project designed to strengthen the administration of corporate income tax (CIT) by the Slovenian Financial Administration (SFA). Providing support towards building the capacity of the SFA to estimate and analyze the CIT gap will assist in achieving the overall goals of the project to: (i) strengthen core tax administration functions, and (ii) strengthen revenue administration, management, and governance arrangements.

Lutein Prevents Liver Injury and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Rats Subjected to Chronic Alcohol Intake

Chronic alcohol intake can affect both liver and intestinal barrier function. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the function and mechanism of lutein administration on the chronic ethanol-induced liver and intestinal barrier damage in rats. During the 14-week experimental cycle, seventy rats were randomly divided into seven groups, with 10 rats in each group: a normal control group (Co), a control group of lutein interventions (24 mg/kg/day), an ethanol model group (Et, 8-12 mL/kg/day of 56% (v/v) ethanol), three intervention groups with lutein (12, 24 and 48 mg/kg/day) and a positive control group (DG). The results showed that liver index, ALT, AST and TG levels were increased, and SOD and GSH-Px levels were reduced in the Et group. Furthermore, alcohol intake over a long time increased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, disrupted the intestinal barrier, and stimulated the release of LPS, causing further liver injury. In contrast, lutein interventions prevented alcohol-induced alterations in liver tissue, oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the protein expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin in ileal tissues was upregulated by lutein intervention. In conclusion, lutein can improve chronic alcoholic liver injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats.

The functioning of Ukrainian public administration under a state of war

Introduction: The article deals with Ukrainian public administration activity in the face of the full-scale Russian military invasion. The article emphasizes the role of the impact of digital public sector development and the aid solutions introduced after the start of the invasion. Discussed are the conditions for the functioning of the social security system in a state of war.Objective: To present information about the actions taken by the Ukrainian government to maintain the effectiveness of public administration. A number of digital reforms have been identified.Materials and methods: Review of websites and legislation regulating the functioning of Ukraine during the war.Results: The conclusions indicate that despite the positive impact of digitization on the possibility for the efficient functioning of public services, it is fundamental to maintain the balance between national security and the availability of services for citizens. An additional challenge is the very short time to implement aid solutions.

PECULIARITIES OF SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF PERSONNEL POLICY FORMATION IN UKRAINE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

The article represents the identification of problems in the field of personnel support of the economic complex of Ukraine, and the search for ways to solve them, studying the prerequisites for increasing the effectiveness of management decisions, strengthening executive discipline and responsibility using state control, etc. Based on the analysis of literary sources and existing experience, the causes of their occurrence are determined, ways and means of their prevention are proposed, and due to this, the effectiveness of economic reforms in the context of Ukraine's accession to the EU is increased. Increasing the efficiency of the specified measures is proposed at the expense of improving personnel policy, ideological-educational and innovative-management levers. Solving the problem of preventing violations is considered as one of the directions of increasing training and retraining of personnel, developing the national economy, and generally strengthening economic security in the state. The idea is that due to the mentioned factors, it is possible to ensure not only the appropriate scientific and professional, patriotic level of personnel, prevention of abuses, peace in society, as well as stable functioning of the national economy of Ukraine, which can make it competitive in EU conditions. The research was carried out in the post-war period's conditions of reformation processes in the management sphere. To prevent shortcomings in the functioning of state administration due to the factors mentioned above and due to information uncertainty, to increase the level of quality of management decisions, it is advisable to form a model of practical application of modern information technologies, which includes a developed system and methods of assessing the actual and optimal financial and economic state of the national economy using the developed integral indicators, implement in practice new means of monitoring and diagnosing the economic condition of enterprises, institutions, and organizations operating in the state, as well as at the state level. Keywords: management, personnel, reforms, control, ideology, enterprises, stability, strategy, efficiency, economic activity, transformational society, European Union.

The National Pensions Act, 2008 (Act 766) and Challeges of Pension Fund Administration in Ghana

The recent reformation in Ghana’s pensions space introduced the three-tier pension scheme underpinned by the National Pensions Act, 2008 (Act766) under the regulatory authority of the NPRA. Seeking to redress inherent challenges, the transformational shift effected by the former yielded the incorporation of private sector through inclusion of approved corporate trustees, fund managers, fund custodians and other service providers. However, despite the new scheme’s attenuation of key lapses and challenges of the previous regime, there still exist predicaments that are reflective of the later. By employing secondary and other forms of empirical data, this research explores significant shortfalls observed in the management of various schemes (DB and DC) intertwined with sections of the Act 766 that require reconsideration. The upshot of this research reveals the retarded performance of the Defined Benefit Scheme as opposed to the stupendous attainments of the Defined Contributory Scheme. Findings pertaining to inadequate coverage of schemes, perceived bureaucracy, payment of benefits, monthly remittances, and defaulted employers as well as exclusions from the three-tier pension scheme, suggest that extra work must be embarked on to make pension delivery effective and efficient. The paper therefore proposes rudimentary review of certain controversial provisions under the Act 766 coupled with strict adherence to various guidelines pertaining to the regulatory and administrative functions of stakeholders.

Haemovigilance: Giving it our best SHOT!

Haemovigilance: Giving it our best SHOT!

Administrative State in Pandemic Period: Issues and Prospects in Asian Countries

A disaster like the Corona pandemic affected the functioning of administration in every country, whether democratic or communist or authoritarian/dictatorship or monarchical as well as those presidential or parliamentary form of government. The pandemic has significantly affected the process and functioning of administration. Asia, one of the biggest continents area-wise and population-wise, has also been affected. It has been observed that the concept of Administrative State propounded by Waldo (1984) is being followed in theory and practice in these countries. This article delves into emerging issues and challenges posed by the corona pandemic in Asian countries and their probable solutions in a time-bound manner on the basis of Waldo’s concept of Administrative State which always stands for rules, regulations, equality, efficiency, accountability and so on. Pandemic has certainly affected the functioning of administrative institutions in Asian countries, some largely and some at a lesser level. There are good prospects for most of the Asian countries for the growth and development in the post-pandemic period as the economy is on the trajectory and showing consistent growth. This article is based on descriptive analysis of government reports (including the health ministry) of countries, particularly from Asia, as well as reports/documents of international/regional organisations/institutions and articles/papers published by the academicians/researchers. The structure, rules and regulations of Administrative States in Asia have not much been considered, rather more focus on strategies and policy perspectives for Covid-19 have been given. Only a few Asian countries could be considered for the article for considerations of manageability.

ADOPTION OF THE LAND ADMINISTRATION DOMAIN MODEL IN MAKATI CITY, PHILIPPINES

Abstract. Land Administration is needed to provide sustainable development of a country as it is concerned with land tenure, use, value and development. The Philippines is challenged as it has multiple land agencies having different and redundant land administration systems. Initial initiatives to have a single land agency did not prosper but recently, two (2) major national land agencies: the Land Management Bureau and the Land Registration Authority are initializing land information system linkages and data sharing. Local government units (LGU) in the Philippines are also mandated to perform land administration functions. It covers functions related to land use, value, development, and partially with land tenure.The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) can be used in the improvement of the land administration system of a country. It has been adopted by several countries worldwide and has been a subject of many academic researches. However, only few researches were done related to the adoption of LADM in the Philippines. With this research, LADM was used to integrate the land administration system functions of an LGU, specifically the City of Makati, Philippines. The results show that LADM can be adopted in the study area. Adoption done by the researchers was limited to two-dimensional classes with proposed additional external classes not included in the original LADM.

Recent Developments of China’s Institutional Reform for Ocean Management: An Appraisal

In 2018, Chinese Government started the new round of institutional reform under which relevant functions of the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) have been integrated into the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and other relevant Ministries. By the end of 2019, reforms of national and local institutions at all levels had been completed. However, such reforms are not consistent between national and local levels, and some new developments at local level emerge. This article examines the history and the recent developments of China’s institutional reform for ocean management, and provides a preliminary assessment thereof. It is arguable institutions that are part of central integrated management (referenced as category C institutions), provincial/local diversified ocean management frameworks (category P) and other ocean management innovations (multiple pilot projects, marine central cities, and demonstration areas, category M) have been formed and preliminary results of the reorganizations are largely positive.

THE ROLE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DECENTRALIZATION IN THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

This article analyzes the role of decentralization in the modernization of public administration, the essence of the concept of decentralization of public administration, the principles of decentralization of public administration, methods of influencing public administration, the method of govarnance, the form of organization of public administration, as well as the transfer of a certain amount of authority, the principle of decentralization of public administration. In addition, the ultimate goal of the redistribution of public administration functions is important as the principle of decentralized public administration, which serves to create the opportunity to make optimal governance decisions based on the common interests of the population, the balance of interests at the state , regional (regional) and local levels. The article considers the possibility of self-government at the level of local administrative-territorial units, as well as the formation of the institution of decentralization.

Complementary policing

Aim: The review draws attention to a publication that initiates changes in the practice of law enforcement, and calls for the help of p olice science. Complementary policing is the product of a partnership between security authorities and a law-abiding society. The book by László Christián gives details of this process.Methodology: This monograph makes its recommendations based on the reality of everyday life, using factual analysis typical of social science research. Research on modern policing was limited to public law dogmatics for a long time. However, when the public authority’s surveillance of security is complemented by individual and collective forms of social care and the market services of property protection, the interpretation of the law is insufficient for exploration, and it is worthwhile to turn to the methodologies offered by sociology.Findings: The actors of the complementary model are law enforcement authorities, municipalities, individual and community self-defence and the security market. The best conditions for this cooperation can be created in a democratic state governed by the rule of law.Value: The exploration of the regularities of cooperation between the sectors responsible for law and order is a scientific achievement that can contribute to the lawful and efficient functioning of law enforcement administration, the protection of public security and the harmony of order, security and freedom.

Strategy for Leadership: How Principals of Successful Schools Improve Education Quality

This study aims to find out the extent of the principal's leadership strategy that has been carried out in improving the quality of education in Karawang. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection tools used are interviews, observations and literature reviews. The object of the study was the principal of SMK 1 Karawang. The study was conducted from March to December 2016. The data analysis technique is a descriptive qualitative analysis technique consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the study stated that there were several activities of the principal to implement the functions of the principal as a strategy for improving the quality of education at SMKN 1 Karawang. These functions include the educator function, the manager function, the administrator function, the supervisory function, the leader function, the innovator function, and the motivator function.

Administrative Discretion in the Digital Age

The article addresses the issues that are related to the administrative discretion amid digital transformation of public administration. The Author researches the change of “generations” of public officials — streetlevel, screen-level, system-level bureaucrats, reveals practical aspects of public officials and citizens interaction during different periods of time. Special attention is paid to the qualitative and quantitative transformations of discretionary powers of executive bodies and their officials: the Author mentions key scientific approaches to the issue of change of scope and content of discretionary powers, examines the public attitude to corresponding processes (on the example of the provision of public services institution), summarizes experience of some countries in gradual automation of executive and administrative activity in general and several administrative functions in particular. Moreover, so called digital discretion (digital administrative discretion, artificial discretion), its positive and negative sides, difficulties during the implementation are researched.

Issues of Legal Regulation of Expenditure of Republican Budget Funds by Public Authorities of the Republic of Abkhazia in the Framework of Harmonisation of the Legislation of the Republic of Abkhazia and the Russian Federation

The article deals with questions of legal regulation of the budgetary legislation of the Republic of Abkhazia, current legal mechanisms of formation of financial security at the state level. The author presents mechanisms for implementing the Law “On State and Municipal Procurement” within the framework of harmonization of the legislation of the Republic of Abkhazia and the Russian Federation, in order to minimize or eliminate corruption factors in the occurrence of legal relations in the acquisition of goods, works and services necessary to ensure the activities and functions of public authorities and public administration of the Republic of Abkhazia. Analysis of the legal regulation of the budgetary legislation allowed identifying the problematic issues, which are poorly reflected in the normative legal acts or have logical contradictions. Proposals for improving the legislation of the Republic of Abkhazia in the budgetary sphere are substantiated.

Qualification of Embezzlement Involving Bribery

The paper analyzes the qualification procedure for obtaining illegal property benefits by officials through the use of their powers or office. Performing administrative and economic functions in relation to the entrusted property, the perpetrators pay for work that has not been completed or has not been completed in full, for undelivered goods, unproven services, or they steal funds and property of organizations. The author focuses on cases when the listed crimes are committed in conjunction with a bribe. The paper explores contradictory court practice of considering cases of embezzlement and bribery committed by officials. The author determines the rules for qualifying «official embezzlement» involving bribery, clarifies complex issues of interrelationship between embezzlement and appropriation of other people’s property, and explains the distinction between the crime provided for in Article 160 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and fraud. In particular, the author justifies the possibility of receiving a bribe by an official at the expense of a part of the property stolen by him earlier, and explains the absence of signs of bribery in cases when the person to whom the embezzled funds were transferred was not interested in the embezzlement committed by the official. Actual examples from judicial practice show that a bribe can be received not for any embezzlement committed by an official misusing his office, but only if it would be implemented in abuse of administrative and economic powers. The paper argues the author’s opinion regarding the possibility of an official receiving a bribe for complicity in fraud.