Functional Movement Training Research Articles

Exercise for fall prevention in older adults

Background: Global population aging has significantly increased fall-related incidents among older adults, which is associated with major health risks and challenges for healthcare systems. Falls are a leading cause of injury, disability, and mortality in South Korea, which has shown rapid expansion of the elderly population. Development of effective fall-prevention strategies, including exercise-based interventions is important to address this issue.Current Concepts: Exercise-based fall prevention programs include several key types such as strength and functional movement training and balance exercises. Strength training includes resistance exercises and weightbearing activities to enhance muscle strength, which is essential for stability and fall prevention. Balance exercises improve stability and coordination, including standing on one leg and heel-to-toe walking. Functional movement training includes exercises that simulate daily activities and help individuals to improve their ability to safely perform routine tasks. Programs such as the Otago Exercise Program integrate these elements and offer a comprehensive approach to fall prevention. Such regimens combined with training in safe falling techniques are important to reduce fall risk and improve outcomes. Assessment tools, including the timed up-and-go and senior fitness tests, are useful to identify at-risk individuals and tailor interventions accordingly.Discussion and Conclusion: An effective fall prevention exercise program requires a multifaceted approach that combines various exercise types and focuses on improving muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and functional skills, as well as safe falling and floor recovery techniques. Tailoring these interventions to individual needs and regular risk assessments can enhance their usefulness.

The movement potentiation scale and movement therapy – A study of three cases

A study of three separate female volunteers was conducted. The movement potentiation scale™ (MPS) was used as a movement evaluation and pain levels were determined using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. The six core movement challenges in the MPS evaluation have a combined point value of 26. After the evaluation, every subject underwent a consecutive five-day functional movement training program, which had an emphasis on movement quality, proprioception, balance, coordination, and optimal biomechanics under suitable stimuli. Provocative daily triggers were determined, and participants were educated on movement. Post-intervention data, including the repeated MPS and VAS pain rating findings, were gathered on the day six. Every participant showed a marked improvement in their MPS score and pain. On day one, participant 1, who was awaiting surgery for ongoing severe lower back pain, had a low MPS score of 5/26. On day six, following the intervention, she reported 0/10 discomfort and a 15/26 MPS score. Participant 2 began the trial with a low MPS score of 7/26, chronic shoulder pain, and paresthesia down her left arm. On day six, she reported 0/10 discomfort, no paresthesia, and an improved 14/26 MPS score. Participant 3 had an MPS score of 8/26; the predominant complaint was urinary incontinence. On day six, she showed an improved MPS score of 18/26, with a 10-day follow-up of nil urine incontinence.

Effects of Functional Movement Training on Batting Kinematics in Adolescent Baseball Players.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week functional movement training on batting kinematics and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score in young baseball athletes with a composite FMS score of ≤14. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 26 male junior high school baseball players (chronological age 13.52y [0.66]; predicted age at peak height velocity 13.68y [0.42]), randomly assigned to an experimental (performing functional movement training), or, a control group (performing routine training). Batting kinematics were assessed using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system, and FMS score was evaluated using the FMS test. Both outcomes were measured before and after training. The experimental group significantly improved batting time and velocity and FMS score after training when compared with the control group. However, there were no significant changes in the other kinematic parameters between the experimental and control groups. Eight-week functional movement training demonstrated positive effects on batting performance and movement quality in adolescent baseball players with poor movement quality and core control. Further research is warranted to investigate the biomechanical mechanisms underlying these improvements.

FMS 기능성 동작훈련이 중국 대학 에어로빅 선수의 신체자세 조절 능력에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

The present study explores the effects of FMS functional movement training on aerobic athletes' body posture coordination, and explores the application of FMS functional movement training to the promotion of aerobic athletes' physical performance. In aerobic exercise, body posture control ability is an important criterion for the expression of technical movements, the display of form art aesthetics, and the evaluation of aerobic competition performance. Physical training is the most basic way to improve body posture control, and FMS functional movement training is an emerging physical training mode in recent years, which attaches more importance to functional training than traditional physical training, does not improve athletes' self-confidence in a purposeful way, and has a relatively good improvement effect on technical movements with relatively high movement requirements.40 college aerobic athletes were randomly divided into two groups: Traditional physical training Group (T, N=20) and FMS functional movement training Group (F, N=20). The control group adopts the traditional physical training method, and the functional training group adopts the training method based on the functional movement design of FMS. The results showed that compared with before training, after the traditional physical training group and the FMS functional movement training group intervened, the subjects' FMS test improved significantly in all six motility movements (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the straight bow squat and active orthogonal lifting test (P>0.05). The body posture coordination in the dynamic movement and static movement of aerobics was significantly improved only in the FMS functional movement training group (P<0.05).Conclusion: FMS functional training can relatively well promote aerobic athletes' body control ability and body posture coordination in the movement process, which is suitable for further application and dissemination in the physical fitness training of college aerobic athletes.After 12 weeks of training, the scores of various indicators of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group before the experiment, and the results of the FMS test were significantly improved; the effect of the experimental group was better than that of the control group, reducing the incidence of exercise damage; the physical stability, flexibility and asymmetry of the experimental group athletes were improved, but the effect on active right angle rise and straight lunge squat was not obvious. In the body posture control ability test under the static movement plane change condition, the 8-step ventral bridge, 5-step lateral bridge and hexagonal bridge of the experimental group and the control group showed significant differences, and the experimental configuration results were better than the control group, and the before-and-after comparison of the experimental group was significant.It shows that FMS functional movement training can improve the body posture control ability of aerobic athletes in the static movement plane. In the test of aerobic athletes' body posture control ability under the condition of dynamic movement direction change, the results show that the improvement effect of the T-shaped, W-shaped and Y-shaped tests of aerobic combination steps of the experimental group before and after the experiment is better than that of the control group, and each indicator has a significant difference within the group, indicating that FMS functional movement training has improved the body posture control ability of aerobic athletes.

The The Observed Pre and Post-Intervention Changes to Movement Potentiation Scale (MPS) Scores and How That Impacts Pain, Balance & Coordination - A Case Series

Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are a major leading burden of disease worldwide, making up 77% of all injury healthcare visits, totaling around 65.8 million people annually in the US alone. There is a clear demand to optimize conservative treatment strategies for improved clinical outcomes. Three Case Reports were conducted with three different female participants (of whom each presented with different primary complaints). Each participant was scored pre and post-intervention using the Movement Potentiation Scale™ (MPS), designed by Williams & Horschig (2022). Additionally, a Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) was used to determine each participant’s pain levels, and a comprehensive history was conducted prior to the commencement of the program. The MPS model consists of 6 fundamental movement challenges worth a total value of 26 points. Following the MPS assessment, each participant underwent a consecutive 5-day Functional Movement Training Program. The program prioritized movement Quality over Quantity, an inherent characteristic of Movement Therapy, focusing on proprioception, balance, coordination, and proper biomechanics under tolerable loads. Primary provocative movements and day-to-day activities were identified. Each participant was educated about spinal hygiene, postural stress, and safe movement strategies such as hip hinging, squats, lifting overhead, and the coordination of the core and bracing. On day 6, post-intervention data was collected. Each participant displayed a drastic improvement in pain and MPS score, reflecting increased Movement Quality and joint stability. Improvements in strength, neural control, and connective tissue integrity were observed with reduced nociception and inflammation. Participant 1, awaiting surgery for ongoing chronic Low Back Pain (LBP), scored a low MPS score of 5/26 on day 1. Post-intervention on Day 6, she presented with 0/10 pain and a 15/26 MPS score. It was noted that “for the first time in years,” she had pain-free sleep and zero pain. Participant 2 entered the study with a low MPS score of 7/26 and chronic ongoing shoulder pain and paresthesia down the left arm. On day 6, she presented with 0/10 pain, no paresthesia, and an improved 14/26 MPS score. Participant 3 presented an MPS score of 8/26 and a primary complaint of Urinary Incontinence (UI). Referrals were made from her doctor (GP) to multiple physiotherapists, including postpartum specialists. However, they were unsuccessful. On day 6, she presented an improved MPS score of 18/26 with a 10-day follow-up of zero urinary incontinence issues. This case series is a small step in the right direction; however, further high-caliber studies are required to add further validation to the utility of The MPS Model and Movement Quality focused Rehabilitation – Functional Movement Therapy.

Rhythmic auditory stimulation incorporated in training improved movements in individuals with psychotic-like experiences.

Movement abnormalities, including movement slowing and irregular muscle contraction, exist in individuals with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and serve as vulnerable factors of developing psychotic diseases in the psychosis continuum. To date scarce studies have developed early intervention programs tackling these initial impairments, which may be caused by basal ganglia alterations, in the early stage of the psychosis course. Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) is a technique of neurological music therapy and has been proved effective in inducing faster movements in patients with psychotic diseases. This pilot study examined if RAS incorporated in functional movement training reduced severity of movement slowing and irregular muscle contraction in individuals with PLEs. Seventeen individuals with PLEs were randomly allocated to receiving RAS or receiving no RAS and underwent daily 40-min movement training (picking up beans) for three weeks. This study used motion analysis to measure movement performance at pretest and posttest. Eighteen age- and gender-matched individuals without PLEs were also recruited to provide data of intact movements. Results showed that RAS may reduce severity of movement slowing and irregular muscle contraction in individuals with PLEs. This pilot study is one of the pioneering studies validating effectiveness of early intervention programs tackling movement abnormalities, which are initial impairments in the psychosis continuum, in individuals with PLEs.

Influence of Walking as Physiological Training to Improve Respiratory Parameters in the Elderly Population.

Walking as physiological training is reported to be an effective activity in order to beneficially influence and slow the onset of aging in healthy elderly people. However, insufficient evidence exists on how walking influences lung function in seniors. In our study, we aim to evaluate the effect of different types of walking on lung function in healthy seniors. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCO Essentials databases were searched, while the methodological quality was assessed by the RoB2 tool. A total of seven studies (RCTs) published between 2002–2022 that met the eligibility criteria were analysed in this review. All participants were older adults without any specific associated disease, aged 60 and above. The interventions included structured physical activity; a high/moderate exercise program; long-term regular walking; walking as a part of functional movement training; walking sideways, backward and forward as a part of aerobic training; fast walking; Stepper walking; walking on a treadmill combined with incentive spirometry; and Nordic walking. Overall, most of the mentioned types of walking led to improved lung function in healthy elderly subjects. However, the prescribed Stepper walking program did not improve lung function in healthy seniors.

Evaluation of integrated neuromuscular training on the recovery of joint injury: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Integrated neuromuscular training (INT) is a comprehensive and holistic training method. It combines general functional movement training with specialized strength, balance, speed, sensitivity, coordination, enhanced training or rapid telescopic compound training. From the existing research results, the mechanism of INT mainly lies in improving the proprioception of the human body and cognitive level to achieve the impact on the motor sensory system, so as to effectively prevent joint injury and promote the recovery after joint injury.Method:This article is assisted by the third and fourth authors to search the relevant literature. The search strategy is divided into 2 parts: English literature and Chinese literature. English literature search: the keywords “integrated neurological training”, “joint investigation”, and “restoration” are jointly searched with “meta analysis” and “system evaluation”, respectively. The search databases include PsycINFO, Science Direct, PubMed, Eric, and Willey. Chinese literature search: the keywords “integrated neuromuscular training”, “joint injury”, and “recovery” are jointly searched with “meta analysis” and “system evaluation”, respectively. The search databases include the general library of online publishing of academic journals of China Knowledge Network (CNKI) and the full-text database of excellent doctoral theses of China Knowledge Network (CNKI). At the same time, the supplementary search is carried out through literature backtracking, Google Scholar.Results:This study will provide new evidence for the effect of INT on the recovery of joint injury.Conclusion:To provide a method to help the prevention and restoration of joint injury by INT.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY2021120136.

Evaluation of functional training specifically on physical and cognitive functions intervention among children aged 4–5

Objective To investigate effects of functional training on physical and cognitive function in 4–5 years old children, so as to provide a reference for the research on development of children’s physical and cognitive functions. Methods The 173 participants aged 4–5 were enrolled from 6 kindergartens in Xicheng District, Beijing and were divided into experimental ( n = 94) and control groups ( n = 79) by randomized digital tables. The experimental group were asked to receive a 18-week special designed functional movement training, which were not performed to the control group. The two groups were tested with physical and cognitive assessments before and after the intervention, and the results were compared pre/post in individual group and between groups with t tests. Results Compared with control group, the score of standing long jump among children in the experimental group was improved by 5.72%, and that of feet jump was improved by 23.79%, that of 10-meter-shuttle run was improved by 13.95%, that of simple reaction was by 20.34%, and that of attention was by 18.96%, and all the improvement was of statistical significance ( t = −2.75, 6.68, 10.79, 5.07, 4.32, P<0.01). Conclusion Both physical and cognitive functions were enhanced by the functional physical training in 4–5-year-old children. 【摘要】 目的 探讨身体运动功能训练对儿童体质与认知功能的影响, 为儿童体质与认知功能的发展研究提供参考依 据。 方法 方便选取北京西城区 6 所幼儿园 4~5 岁儿童 173 名, 采用随机数字表法将其分为实验组 (94 名) 与对照组 (79 名)。实验组进行 18 周的身体运动功能训练, 对照组不进行任何干预。干预前后分别测试两组样本的体质和认知功能, 使用配对 t 检验和独立样本 t 检验比较干预前后组内和组间各个体质与认知功能指标的差异。 结果 干预后, 与对照组相 比, 实验组儿童立定跳远成绩提高 5.72%、双脚连续跳成绩提高 23.79%、10 m 折返跑成绩提高 13.95%、简单反应时测试成 绩提高 20.34%、注意力成绩提高 18.96%, 组间差异均有统计学意义 ( t 值分别为 −2.75, 6.68, 10.79, 5.07, 4.32, P 值均<0.01)。 结论 身体运动功能训练对儿童特定体质和认知功能发展有促进作用。

Examining the Impact of a Mobile Health App on Functional Movement and Physical Fitness: Pilot Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundNumerous mobile apps available for download are geared toward health and fitness; however, limited research has evaluated the real-world effectiveness of such apps. The movr app is a mobile health app designed to enhance physical functioning by prescribing functional movement training based on individualized movement assessments. The influence of the movr app on functional movement and physical fitness (flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular fitness) has not yet been established empirically.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the real-world impact of the movr app on functional movement, flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular fitness.MethodsA total of 48 healthy adults (24 women and 24 men; mean age 24, SD 5 years) completed an 8-week pilot pragmatic randomized controlled trial in which they were randomly assigned to either 8-week use of the movr app (n=24) or 8-week waitlist control (n=24). Measures of functional movement (Functional Movement Screen [FMS]), strength (push-ups, handgrip strength, and countermovement jump), flexibility (shoulder flexibility, sit and reach, active straight leg raise [ASLR], and half-kneeling dorsiflexion), and cardiovascular fitness (maximal oxygen uptake []) were collected at baseline and the 8-week follow-up.ResultsRepeated measures analyses of variance revealed significant group-by-time interactions for the 100-point FMS (P<.001), shoulder flexibility (P=.01), ASLR (P=.001), half-kneeling dorsiflexion (P<.001), and push-up tests (P=.03). Pairwise comparisons showed that FMS scores increased from pre- to postintervention for those in the movr group (P<.001) and significantly decreased for those in the control group (P=.04). For shoulder flexibility, ASLR, half-kneeling dorsiflexion, and push-up tests, improvements from pre- to postintervention were found in the movr group (all values of P<.05) but not in the control group (all values of P>.05). There were no changes in the sit and reach or handgrip strength test scores for either group (all values of P>.05). A significant main effect of time was found for the countermovement jump (P=.02), such that scores decreased from pre- to postintervention in the control group (P=.02) but not in the movr group (P=.38). Finally, a significant group-by-time interaction was found for (P=.001), revealing that scores decreased pre- to postintervention in the control group (P<.001), but not in the movr group (P=.54).ConclusionsThe findings revealed that movr improved indices of functional movement (FMS), flexibility (shoulder, ASLR, and dorsiflexion), and muscular endurance (push-ups) over an 8-week period compared with the control group while maintaining handgrip strength, lower body power (countermovement jump), and cardiovascular fitness (). Thus, this study provides initial evidence of the effectiveness of the movr app for enhancing functional movement and physical fitness among healthy adults.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04865666; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04865666

The Association of Obesity With Quadriceps Activation During Sit-to-Stand.

Obesity reduces voluntary recruitment of quadriceps during single-joint exercises, but the effects of obesity on quadriceps femoris muscle activation during dynamic daily living tasks, such as sit-to-stand (STS), are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how obesity affects quadriceps muscle recruitment during STS. In this cross-sectional study, 10 women who were lean and 17 women who were obese completed STS from a chair with arms crossed over the chest. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to define 3 distinct phases (I-III) of the STS cycle. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and semitendinosus was measured. STS duration was greater (3.02 [SD=0.75] seconds vs 1.67 [SD=0.28] seconds) and peak trunk flexion angle was lower (28.9 degrees [SD=10.4 degrees] vs 35.8 degrees [SD=10.1 degrees]) in the women who were obese than in the women who were lean. The mean EMG activity of the knee extensors increased from phase I to phase II in both groups; however, the mean EMG activities of both the vastus medialis (32.1% [SD=16.6%] vs 47.3% [SD=19.6%] maximal voluntary isometric contraction) and the vastus lateralis (31.8% [SD=19.4%] vs 47.5% [SD=19.6%] maximal voluntary isometric contraction) were significantly lower during phase II in the women who were obese. The mean EMG activity of the semitendinosus increased throughout STS but was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Coactivation of the semitendinosus and knee extensors tended to be greater in the women who were obese but failed to reach statistical significance. Knee extensor EMG amplitude was reduced in women who were obese during STS, despite reduced trunk flexion. Reduced knee extensor recruitment during STS in obesity may redistribute forces needed to complete this task to other joints. Functional movement training may help improve knee extensor recruitment during STS in people who are obese. People with obesity often have low quadriceps muscle strength and impaired mobility during daily activities. This study shows that women who are obese have lower voluntary recruitment of quadriceps when rising from a chair than women who are lean do, which could increase workload on hip or ankle muscles during this important daily task. Quadriceps strengthening exercises might improve the ability to rise from sitting to standing.

User-Driven Functional Movement Training With a Wearable Hand Robot After Stroke.

We studied the performance of a robotic orthosis designed to assist the paretic hand after stroke. It is wearable and fully user-controlled, serving two possible roles: as a therapeutic tool that facilitates device-mediated hand exercises to recover neuromuscular function or as an assistive device for use in everyday activities to aid functional use of the hand. We present the clinical outcomes of a pilot study designed as a feasibility test for these hypotheses. 11 chronic stroke (>2 years) patients with moderate muscle tone (Modified Ashworth Scale ≤ 2 in upper extremity) engaged in a month-long training protocol using the orthosis. Individuals were evaluated using standardized outcome measures, both with and without orthosis assistance. Fugl-Meyer post intervention scores without robotic assistance showed improvement focused specifically at the distal joints of the upper limb, suggesting the use of the orthosis as a rehabilitative device for the hand. Action Research Arm Test scores post intervention with robotic assistance showed that the device may serve an assistive role in grasping tasks. These results highlight the potential for wearable and user-driven robotic hand orthoses to extend the use and training of the affected upper limb after stroke.

Effects of diet interventions, dietary supplements, and performance-enhancing substances on the performance of CrossFit-trained individuals: A systematic review of clinical studies.

CrossFit (CF) is characterized as a constantly varied, high-intensity, functional movement training program, performed with little or no rest between bouts, combining strength and endurance exercises, such as running, cycling, rowing, Olympic weightlifting, power weightlifting, and gymnastic-type exercises. Several nutritional strategies are used to improve sports performance of CF practitioners; however, most of them are empirical and lack scientific evidence. Thus, the aim of this review was to determine the effects of diet intervention, dietary supplements, and performance-enhancing substances on exercise-performance parameters of CF practitioners. MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, and Scopus databases were searched using specific Medical Subject Headings and keywords for clinical studies that enrolled CF athletes in an intervention using diet, dietary supplements, or performance-enhancing substances. Athletic performance was considered as the primary outcome. No other filters were applied. Including grey literature search, 219 studies were identified; however only 14 studies met the eligibility criteria. Two studies evaluated the effects of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance; five studies evaluated high- or low-carbohydrate effects on performance and other parameters. One study verified the effects of multi-ingredient supplementation on CF-specific performance and body composition. One study compared the intake of protein supplements on performance and body composition. Two studies assessed the effect of green tea and (-)-epicatechin on performance and other parameters. One study evaluated the effects of nitrate supplementation on exercise performance. One study investigated the effect of betaine supplementation on body composition and muscle performance. Finally, one study examined the effects of sodium bicarbonate (SB) ingestion on exercise performance and aerobic capacity. Only SB supplementation improved CF performance. These outcomes may have been obtained due to methodological limitations such as small sample size, lack of control over influencing variables, short period of exercise intervention. Despite the popularity and growing evidence about CF, little is known about the relationship between performance-enhancing substances or dietary interventions and CF performance. Given the lack of scientific evidence, new studies with potential ergogenic supplements, a better methodological model, and practical application are required.

The Effect of High-Intensity Interval/Circuit Training on Cognitive Functioning and Quality of Life During Recovery From Substance Abuse Disorder. A Study Protocol.

This proposed study will examine whether structured physical activity reduces the recovery time of cognitive functioning during the early phase of substance use disorder treatment. Addiction or substance dependence is associated with neurobiological changes and cognitive impairment that can affect quality of life and the efficacy of therapy for up to a year after clinical detoxification. The biological, psychological, and social effects of physical exercise have the potential to be a therapeutic approach to increase quality of life and relieve symptoms associated with substance abuse, such as psychosis, depression, and anxiety. There is a dearth of research on physical activity and exercise in clinical substance use disorder patients. This protocol describes a clinical study that will examine cognitive recovery after substance abuse using physical exercise as a treatment intervention. We will use a quasi-experimental longitudinal clinical trial, with a pretest and multiple posttests, on naturally randomized sequential groups. Patients will be consecutively be recruited into the study groups, with a control group that is completed, before its followed by an intervention group, each with 30 patients. Patients will be enrolled 2 weeks after the start of detoxification, at which time all subjects will be inpatients at the Stavanger Salvation Army Treatment Center in the Norwegian specialized healthcare system. Cognition will be evaluated with a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests, including several tests of executive function. Physical fitness will be tested with the Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test, the 30-S Chair Stand Test, the 1-Min Burpee Test at baseline (within the first 2 weeks of admittance) and after 4 weeks. The intervention will be a 30-min workout at 70–90% of maximum heart rate (134–170 bpm), recorded and calculated by a Polar heart rate monitor. The intervention treatment will be administered four times a week for 4 weeks and will consist of high-intensity circuit training, high-intensity interval training, functional movement, and primitive reflex training. We anticipate improvement in both the control and intervention groups, with the exercise intervention group having the greatest increase in recovery of cognitive function because of the combination of functional full body movements and primitive movement training in an intense interval training program.Clinical Trial Registration ID: ISRCTN74750479, Retrospectively Registered.

An Update on Cognitive Therapy for the Management of Chronic Pain: a Comprehensive Review.

Psychological approaches to the management of chronic pain have proven to be very effective in allowing patients to better manage their symptoms and with overall functioning. Cognitive functional therapy (CFT) is centered on a three-step process, beginning with cognitive training, then progressing to functional movement training and exposure with control, and ending with physical activity and lifestyle changes. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a technique focuses on identifying and changing maladaptive behaviors, thought patterns, and situations that contribute to psychiatric dysfunction, which may lead to further progression of pain. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update of recent advances in the use of both CFT and CBT for the management of chronic pain conditions.

Effect of Functional Movement Training on Cognition and Emotion in the Elderly People

Existing literature documents that the physical exercise has positive effects on cognition and emotion function in elderly. However, whether the functional movement training will improve the cognition and emotion is remains obscure. We enrolled 58 subjects (65–75 years old) in this research and randomly divided as control group without training (CG) and the training group (TG). The training was performed twice a week and 90 min for every time during the 10 weeks. To estimate the change of cognition and emotion of elderly people, reaction time and spatial memory were tested, emotional scales were used. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups before 10 weeks of training. After 10 weeks of training, the cognition and emotion of the training group was significant improvement when compared with control group and the cognition and emotion of training group was significant improvement than that before training. The functional movement training over 10 weeks can improve the cognition and emotion function in elderly people.

The Effect of Functional Movement Training After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To evaluate the effect of functional movement screen (FMS)-based functional exercise in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Randomized, controlled, single-blind trial. Institutional, single center. A total of 38 patients who underwent ACLR were recruited and randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 19) or group 2 (n = 19). Both groups received 6-month routine rehabilitation immediately after surgery. From the postoperative fourth to sixth month, group 1 received FMS-based functional exercise plus routine rehabilitation and group 2 received routine rehabilitation only. The FMS-based functional exercise was individualized and customized functional corrective exercise, which was designed based on the 3-month postoperative FMS results. The frequency of rehabilitation was 1 hour per session, twice a week, for a total duration of 6 months. At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, patients were evaluated by FMS scoring, Lysholm Knee Score, and International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 Score. After the intervention, both groups had significantly increased FMS, Lysholm Knee Score, and International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 score. Group 1 had significantly greater changes in FMS (median: 4 vs 3, P < .001), Lysholm Knee Score (median: 24 vs 16, P = .001), and International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 Score (median: 22 vs 8, P < .001) than group 2. The application of FMS-based functional exercise to patients after ACLR resulted in significant improvement in knee function and movements. The authors suggested integrating FMS evaluation and FMS-based training into routine post-ACLR rehabilitation programs.

Functional Movement and Personal Fitness Training in a Community College Setting

Functional Movement and Personal Fitness Training in a Community College Setting

The RESOLVE Trial for people with chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomised clinical trial

Low back pain is the leading worldwide cause of disability, and results in significant personal hardship. Most available treatments, when tested in high-quality randomised, controlled trials, achieve only modest improvements in pain, at best. Recently, treatments that target central nervous system function have been developed and tested in small studies. Combining treatments that target central nervous system function with traditional treatments directed towards functioning of the back is a promising approach that has yet to be tested in adequately powered, prospectively registered, clinical trials. The RESOLVE trial will be the first high-quality assessment of two treatment programs that combine central nervous system-directed and traditional interventions in order to improve chronic low back pain. To compare the effectiveness of two treatment programs that combine central nervous system-directed and traditional interventions at reducing pain intensity at 18 weeks post randomisation in a randomised clinical trial of people with chronic low back pain. Two-group, randomised, clinical trial with blinding of participants and assessors. Two hundred and seventy-five participants with chronic low back pain that has persisted longer than 3 months and no specific spinal pathology will be recruited from the community and primary care in Sydney, Australia. Both of the interventions contain treatments that target central nervous system function combined with treatments directed towards functioning of the back. Adherence to the intervention will be monitored using an individual treatment diary and adverse events recorded through passive capture. Participants are informed prior to providing informed consent that some of the treatments are not active. Blinding is maintained by not disclosing any further information. Complete disclosure of the contents of the intervention has been made with the UNSW HREC (HC15357) and an embargoed project registration has been made on the Open Science Framework to meet the Declaration of Helsinki requirement for transparent reporting of trial methods a priori. Participants randomised to Intervention A will receive a 12-session treatment program delivered as 60-minute sessions, scheduled approximately weekly, over a period of 12 to 18 weeks. All treatment sessions are one-on-one. The program includes a home treatment component of 30minutes, five times per week. The intervention comprises discussion of the participant's low back pain experience, graded sensory training, graded motor imagery training and graded, precision-focused and feedback-enriched, functional movement training. Treatment progression is determined by participant proficiency, with mandatory advancement at set time points with respect to a standard protocol. Participants randomised to Intervention B will receive a 12-session treatment program of the same duration and structure as Intervention A. The intervention comprises discussion of the participant's low back pain experience, transcranial direct current stimulation to the motor and pre-frontal cortices, cranial electrical stimulation, and low-intensity laser therapy and pulsed electromagnetic energy to the area of greatest pain. Treatment is delivered according to published recommendations and progressed with respect to a standard protocol. The primary outcome is pain intensity at 18 weeks post randomisation. Secondary outcomes will include disability, depression, pain catastrophising, kinesiophobia, beliefs about back pain, pain self-efficacy, quality of life, healthcare resource use, and treatment credibility. Assessment will occur at baseline and at 18, 26 and 52 weeks after randomisation. Treatment credibility will be assessed at baseline and 2 weeks after randomisation only. A statistician blinded to group status will analyse the data by intention-to-treat using linear mixed models with random intercepts. Linear contrasts will be constructed to compare the adjusted mean change (continuous variables) in outcome from baseline to each time point between intervention A and intervention B. This will provide effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals for any difference between the interventions. Preliminary data suggest that combining treatments that target central nervous system function with traditional interventions is a promising approach to chronic low back pain treatment. In the context of modest effects on pain intensity from most available treatments, this approach may lead to improved clinical outcomes for people with chronic low back pain. The trial will determine which, if either, of two treatment programs that combine central nervous system-directed and traditional interventions is more effective at reducing pain intensity in a chronic low back pain cohort. Central nervous system-directed interventions constitute a completely new treatment paradigm for chronic low back pain management. The results have the potential to be far reaching and change current physiotherapy management of chronic low back pain in Australia and internationally.

The Relative Effect of an Aquatic Environment on Jumping Kinetics between Older and Younger Adults

In comparison with the land environment, our previous work suggests that jumping movements performed in the aquatic environment elicit greater propulsive mechanical power production. While this knowledge is insightful, our previous work involved healthy, young participants. It is important to expand this research to populations that may benefit from a powerful, low-impact method of functional movement training. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative effect of the aquatic environment on jumping kinetics between older and younger adults. METHODS: Twelve college-aged males (YA; 23.8 ± 2.5 years) and twelve recreationally active older adults (OA; 57.3 ± 4.4 years) performed 3 countermovement jumps (CMJ) on land and immersed in water at the level of the xiphoid process. Force platform data was processed for the following variables: Peak propulsive power, take-off velocity, and peak take-off force. A 2 (environment) by 2 (age) repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify main effects and interactions. RESULTS: Peak propulsive power, take-off velocity, and peak take-off force were lower (p < 0.001) for older adults in both environments (OA: 5.7 kW, 2.8 m/s, 1584 N; YA: 8.9 kW, 4.0 m/s, 2109 N). Regardless of age, peak propulsive power (kW) and take-off velocity (m/s) were greater (p < 0.001) for jumps performed in the water (9.8 kW vs. 4.8 kW; 5.1 m/s vs. 2.3 m/s), while peak take-off force (N) was greater (p = 0.004) for jumps performed on land (1990 N vs. 1703 N). CONCLUSION: The absence of age and environment interactions on peak propulsive power and peak take-off force suggest that older and younger adults exhibit similar kinetic responses to jumping movements performed in the aquatic environment. Results of the present study suggest that the aquatic environment may be preferential for older adults performing explosive movements. Specifically, the aquatic environment may enhance training, with a focus on augmenting mechanical power production and take-off velocity. Further research may identify additional justification for prescribing jumping movements in the aquatic environment.