Functional Dependence Research Articles

An efficient test case selection framework for multitenant SaaS applications using RTS4MTS

The augmentation of multitenant Software as a Service (SaaS) has significantly contributed to the success of cloud computing. To stay competitive, multitenant SaaS applications are frequently updated, necessitating regression tests. Regression testing ensures modifications do not alter existing functionalities or introduce new bugs. Rerunning all test cases is resource intensive. To minimize efforts, it's crucial to select a relevant subset of test cases. Thus, a novel framework, Regression Test Selection for Multitenant SaaS (RTS4MTS), is proposed for selective regression testing in multitenant SaaS applications. This framework uses the Functional Coverage Module (FCM) and Dependency Analysis Module (DAM) to select relevant test cases. It classifies existing test cases into two groups: those affected by modifications (need to test) and those unaffected (no need to test). Applying RTS4MTS to the multitenant SaaS MtBookTrip application demonstrated that the framework reduces the test suite size by 68% and lowers test execution time by 70%, thereby saving resources and testing costs.

Disease Progression of GNE Myopathy and Its Relationship With Genotype: A Retrospective, Observational Study in Chinese Patients.

Studies on the natural disease progression of detailed motor dysfunction in patients with GNE myopathy are rare. This study aimed to investigate motor function involvement during disease progression and its relationship with the genotype among Chinese patients with GNE myopathy. This retrospective observational cohort study included all patients with genetically confirmed GNE myopathy enrolled at Peking University First Hospital between 2000 and 2023. Patients with GNE myopathy were stratified into 2 subgroups based on with or without p.D207V mutation. Data on clinically significant muscular problems were collected from patients' medical history and follow-up assessments to evaluate motor function using the GNE Myopathy Functional Activity Scale and the modified Rankin Scale. Eighty-three patients with GNE myopathy were included, with a median age at examination of 36 years (range 25-57) and a median age at onset (AAO) of 26 years (range 16-46). The Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients with the p.D207V mutation experienced a significantly later AAO (27 years [95% CI 25-29]) and onset age of wheelchair dependency (50 years [95% CI 46-54]) compared with those without the mutation, who had an AAO of 24 years (95% CI 22-26) and an onset age of wheelchair dependency of 45 years (95% CI 36-54). Multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusted for sex and disease duration, revealed that patients without the p.D207V mutation had a higher risk of wheelchair dependency, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.361 (95% CI 1.030-5.411). Barthel indexes (BIs) were negatively correlated with the disease duration and positively correlated with AAOs. Patients with GNE with earlier AAO exhibited a shorter disease duration of developing functional dependency (BIs <60) than did those with later AAOs. Our results provide insights into the motor function involvement observed during disease progression in Chinese patients with GNE myopathy, and relatively mild disease severity was observed in those with the p.D207V mutation.

Quality of Life as a Non-mortality Patient-centred Outcome in the Critically Ill: A Retrospective Analysis

Objectives: Mortality is a common gauged endpoint in critically ill patients. Reduced quality of life is an aligned repercussion of protracted critical illness. Baseline status, severity of illness and its trajectory influence the outcomes. Patient-oriented outcomes are those that matter the most to a patient. However, quite often, family approves of trade-offs with survivorship in the Indian context. We looked at non-mortality outcomes in patients on high-intensity life-sustaining interventions admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) despite poor prognosis and died on full support or survived to be completely dependent. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective chart review study, we studied patients (1) who spent more than 1 month in the hospital enduring a myriad of distressing physical and psychological vicissitudes, (2) whose primary illness was fairly advanced (3) and either succumbed or survived to be impeded in their response to cognitive assessment and with severe functional impairment. Patient demographics, comorbidities, pre-morbid functional status, burden of critical illness, use of life-sustaining therapies, functional dependence in the last week of ICU stay, best neurological status in the last week pre-death or discharge, dying trajectories and economic analysis were noted. Results: Trends of clinical progress of 23 patients were deliberated. The mean age of males was 65 years and 61 years for females. Five patients had a Barthel index score of 10–20, indicating total dependency and two patients had a score of 21–60, indicating severe dependency. Two patients were cognitively impaired at baseline. The worst neurological status in the week before death or discharge was eye1, motor1, and verbaltracheostomised. Thirteen patients succumbed during ongoing treatment. Conclusion: Daily discussions on the dynamics of illness progression need to take place with family on a regular basis for patients managed in ICU. Realistic perceptions and grounded expectations from the families and caregivers are necessary for patient-centred outcomes.

Epidemiological and clinical management aspects related to urinary tract infections diagnosed in the emergency department in elderly patients in Spain: Results of the EDEN-36 study

To estimate the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) in elderly patients in Spanish emergency departments (ED), the need for hospitalization, diagnostic confirmation in hospitalized patients, adverse events and the predictive capacity of several biomarkers. In this a posteriori substudy of a generic study of reasons for ED visits in elderly patients, we included patients aged ≥65 years seen in 52 Spanish EDs for 1 week, selecting those diagnosed with UTI. As adverse events, in-hospital and 30-day mortality and combined adverse event (death or hospitalization) at 30 days post-discharge were collected. Relative risks (RR) were calculated. The predictive capacity of 10 variables and 6 biomarkers was investigated. A total of 25,375 patients were included, 1058 with UTI (annual incidence: 24.7 per 1000 inhabitants aged ≥65 years and year, 95%CI: 24.5-24.9). A total of 36.5% were hospitalized, and in 80% the diagnosis of UTI was confirmed at discharge. Overall 30-day mortality was 5.4% and in-hospital mortality was 3.4%. Functional dependence was associated with both events (RR:2.91;1.18-7.17 and RR:12.61;1.47-108.11, respectively), as was having a CRP greater than 100 mg/L (RR:2.24;1.17-4.30 and RR:3.21;1.37-7.51, respectively). The combined post-high event occurred in 10.6%, and was associated with functional dependence (RR:2.05;1.04-4.06). CRP and hemoglobin had significant value in predicting 30-day post-discharge mortality or hospitalization. UTI is a frequent diagnosis in elderly patients consulting in the ED. Functional dependence is the best factor associated with adverse events. The biomarkers analyzed do not have a good predictive capacity.

Leveraging homologous recombination deficiency for sarcoma : Unravelling homologous recombination repair deficiency and therapeutic opportunities in soft tissue and bone sarcoma.

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in tumors correlates with poor prognosis and metastases development. Determining HRD is of major clinical relevance as it can be treated with PARP inhibitors (PARPi). HRD remains poorly investigated in sarcoma, arare and heterogeneous cancer of mesenchymal origin. We aimed (i)to investigate predictive biomarkers of HRD in several independent sarcoma cohorts using across-functional strategy by combining genomic, transcriptomic and phenotypic approaches and (ii)to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PARPi and DNA damage response (DDR)-based therapies ex vivo. We performed acomprehensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization of sarcoma using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), and our own bone and soft tissue sarcoma cohorts. We evaluated PARP1/2 and WEE1 inhibition ex vivo in patient-derived sarcoma cell models as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to identify synergistic effects. Firstly, we identified genomic traits of HRD in asubset of sarcomas associated with molecular alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway genes and high chromosomal instability. Secondly, we identified and validated distinct SARC-HRD transcriptional signatures that predicted sensitivity to PARPi. Finally, we showed functional defects in HRR in sarcoma cells that were associated with functional dependency towards PARPi and WEE1i and support the clinical use of RAD51 as apredictive biomarker for PARPi sensitivity. We provide apersonalized oncological approach to potentially improve the treatment of sarcoma patients. We encourage the evaluation of gene expression signatures to enhance the identification of patients who might benefit from DDR-based therapies.

Tree traits are a stronger predictor of bee traits and species richness than taxonomic diversity

Abstract Functional traits help to understand biological diversity and the mechanism by which ecological communities are structured and how they respond to the environment. For example, the high tree species diversity within tropical forests can be grouped into a few functional attributes, wood density, size and dependence on animal pollination or seed dispersal. However, little is known about how these traits influence animal taxonomic and functional diversity in the forests. We carried out a vegetation census on six plots (20 × 100 m) within the National Forest of Carajás (Amazon biome) to identify forest canopy species and their functional traits. Within the same plot, we also applied three bee sampling methods (entomological nets, honey traps and scent traps). By characterizing the functional traits of trees and bees, we were able to predict bee functional diversity better than with taxonomic diversity alone via combinations of tree traits like size, wood density, dependence on pollinators and extinction risk. We found that larger trees with low wood density were negatively associated with small, eusocial tree cavity nesting bees. The richness and abundance of trees with high extinction risk was positively associated with the richness of medium‐sized solitary bees. The dominance in the community of pollinator‐dependent trees (average diameter in the basal area) was negatively associated with the richness of above‐ground and cavity nesting bees. Our findings suggest that the composition of the tree community limits the availability of nesting resources for specific groups of bees. Moreover, the presence of trees with higher extinction risk (conservation value) was associated with a greater variety of bee traits and was the only metric associated with overall bee richness. As expected, functional traits shed light on the mechanism that might drive high diversity within tropical forests. In addition, there appears to be complementarity in terms of conservation value and carbon stock potential, as areas that habour tree species with higher extinction risk and higher wood density are also those with overall greater bee and functional diversity. Finally, our study can contribute to the restoration of plant—pollinator community by providing an understanding of the vegetation community that contributes to biodiversity maintenance. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Detecting functional impairment with the Digital Clock and Recall.

Distinguishing between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia requires both neuropsychological and functional assessment that often relies on caregivers' insights. Contacting a patient's caregiver can be time-consuming in a physician's already-filled workday. To assess the utility of a brief, machine learning (ML)-enabled digital cognitive assessment, the Digital Clock and Recall (DCR), for detecting functional dependence. We evaluated whether the DCR can help identify individuals at risk of functional deficits as measured by the informant-rated Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) in older individuals including cognitively unimpaired, MCI, and dementia likely due to Alzheimer's disease. The DCR scaled well with FAQ scores, and ML classifiers trained on multimodal DCR features demonstrated strong performance in predicting functional impairment on a held-out test set. Differences in FAQ scores between DCR-predicted classes were comparable across key demographic groups. The DCR can streamline the clinical decision-making, triage, and intervention planning associated with functional impairment in primary care.

IMMU-65. TARGETING AXONAL GUIDANCE DEPENDENCIES IN GLIOBLASTOMA WITH ROBO1 CAR T CELLS

Abstract Resistance to genotoxic therapies and subsequent disease recurrence are hallmarks of aggressive cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we uncover functional drivers of post-treatment recurrent GBM using genome scale CRISPR-Cas9 screens accompanied by integrative genomic analysis. Using patient-matched pre- and post-treatment GBM models, our findings uncover large-scale reorganization of functional dependencies at tumor recurrence and implicate protein tyrosine phosphatases 4A2 (PTP4A2) as a novel driver of tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM. Small molecule inhibition and phospho-proteomic analyses reveal a novel PTP4A-ROBO1 signaling axis that modulates tumor invasion, self-renewal and proliferation in recurrent GBM. Since a pan-PTP4A targeting small molecule suffers from poor blood-brain-barrier penetrance, we engineered a novel second generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting human ROBO1, a cell surface receptor enriched across GBM specimens. Not only do ROBO1 CAR T cells exhibit a potent and specific anti-tumor effect in vitro, a single dose of ROBO1 CAR T cells doubles median survival in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of recurrent GBM. Expansion of ROBO1 CAR T cells to other invasive brain cancers leads to tumor eradication in ~50% of mice in PDX models of pediatric medulloblastoma and adult lung-to-brain metastases. Together, we provide insights into functional remodeling of GBM at recurrence and present a multi-targetable PTP4A-ROBO1 signaling axis with potential across multiple malignant brain tumors.

Early Acute Kidney Injury in Stroke Patients Submitted to Endovascular Treatment: A Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential complication of cardiovascular disorders and is associated with worse outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of early AKI after endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke, identify predictors for this complication, and test the association between AKI and mortality or death or dependency. Methods: This was a single-center cohort study involving consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke submitted to endovascular therapy between 2015 and 2022. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO criteria and evaluated at 48 h. Other outcomes of interest were vital status and functional dependency at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale, with death or dependency being defined as a score &gt; 2. An adjustment for potential confounders was performed using logistic regression. Results: Overall, 1150 patients were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 74 years and a slight female preponderance (56%). The median NIHSS was 15, the mean onset-to-groin time was 392 min, and 92% of patients were successfully recanalized. The overall incidence rate of AKI was 6%. On univariate analysis, patients with AKI were older (p = 0.002), had a longer time to EVT (p = 0.042), higher NIHSS (p = 0.006), higher blood glucose (p = 0.033), and lower baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p &lt; 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, AKI was independently associated with NIHSS (p = 0.012), time to treatment (p = 0.004), and lower baseline GFR (p &lt; 0.001). AKI was also independently associated with higher mortality (OR = 2.302, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Patients with impaired baseline renal function and more severe stroke are at higher risk of AKI, and AKI begets worse stroke outcome. Better strategies are required to optimize treatment outcome in these patients and avert this vicious cycle.

Understanding Separation of Oil-Water Emulsions by High Surface Area Polymer Gels Using Experimental and Simulation Techniques.

This work examines the functional dependence of the efficiency of separation of oil-water emulsions on surfactant adsorption abilities of high surface area polymer gels. The work also develops an understanding of the factors and steps that are involved in emulsion separation processes using polymer gels. The work considers four polymer gels offering different surface energy values, namely, syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS), polyimide (PI), polyurea (PUA), and silica. The data reveal that surfactant adsorption abilities directly control the emulsion separation performance. The gels of sPS and PI destabilize the emulsions due to significant surfactant adsorption. The surfactant-lean oil droplets are then absorbed in the pores of sPS and PI gels due to the preferential wettability of the oil phase. The PUA and silica gels are more hydrophilic and show a lower surfactant adsorption ability. These gels cannot effectively remove the surfactant molecules from the emulsions, leading to a poor emulsion separation performance. The study uses simulation data to understand the adsorption characteristics of two poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer surfactants. The simulation results are used for the interpretation of emulsion separation performance by the gels.

Effects of immersive virtual reality stimulation and/or multicomponent physical exercise on cognitive and functional performance in hospitalized older patients with severe functional dependency: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundHospital-associated functional decline affects nearly one-third of the hospitalized older adults. The aim of this trial is to investigate the effect of a cognitive stimulation intervention provided via immersive virtual reality (IVR), with or without a multicomponent physical exercise intervention (ME) in hospitalized patients aged 75 or older with severe functional dependency at admission (Barthel Index < 60 points).MethodsThis clinical randomized controlled trial will be conducted in the Acute Geriatric Unit of a tertiary hospital in Spain. A total of 212 acute patients will be enrolled according to the following criteria: age ≥ 75, Barthel Index < 60, able to collaborate, expected length of stay ≥ 5 days, absence of clinical instability and severe dementia (Global Deterioration Scale 7) or other end-stage disease. Patients will be randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or any of the three intervention groups (IG): IVR, ME, or IVR + ME. The IVR group will watch ad-hoc videos showing Spanish regional landscapes and villages, approximately 4 min per day for three consecutive days. The ME group will undergo aerobic and strength exercise for progressive training of the upper and lower limbs. The IVR + ME group will do both cognitive and physical intervention. The primary outcomes will be cognitive and physical measures at discharge. Mood, quality of life, isometric strength, and acceptance of IVR will be also assessed.DiscussionThis project has the potential to enhance physical and psychological well-being of patients with severe functional dependency hospitalized for acute conditions, using technology. Virtual reality is expected to be favourably perceived by hospitalized older adults. This intervention represents a novelty in the geriatric patients’ care, comprising IVR and/or ME dispensed within the patient’s room, and including patients who are commonly excluded from research clinical trials.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Navarra Clinical Research Ethics Committee on May 17th, 2023 (PI_2023/60). The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT06340282, 24th May 2024.

An Assessment Mechanism for Integrated Software Sustainability Evaluation Model via Evaluation Theory

Evaluation of software sustainability aids in decision-maker’s identification of the specific actions needed to guarantee sustainability for current and future generations. The prior approach to assessment focused on how the business environment was changing and using the high-quality software sustainability evaluation model (SSEM) affected those changes. Numerous well-established quality models, concepts, and understandings impacted on SSEM trends. These act as frameworks for developing software evaluations, the outcomes of which are applied to the assessment of generic software procedures. Therefore, this research aimed to use Evaluation Theory (ET) to create an assessment mechanism for an integrated Software Sustainability Evaluation Model (i-SSEM). This model encompasses evaluation criteria, targets, assessment processes, data-gathering techniques, synthesis techniques, and yardsticks. Nine criteria are presented in this study to evaluate software sustainability encompassing functional adequacy, dependability, performance efficiency, usability, security, compatibility, maintainability, portability, and impactibility. The use of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology, effectively classifies the recommended criteria into sustainable dimensions. A Goal Question Metric (GQM) is used to establish the software criteria by precisely specifying the aim, perspectives, and viewpoints of an evaluation of the sustainability aspects. By highlighting the unique evaluation mechanism for software products and processes and utilizing both quantitative and qualitative measurement techniques, this model improves the current SSEM.

Trajectory clustering of immune cells and its association with clinical outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background and purposeThe immune response following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can exacerbate secondary brain injury and impact clinical outcomes. As the immune response after aSAH is a dynamic process, we aim to track and characterize immune cell trajectories over time to identify patterns associated with various clinical outcomes.MethodsIn this retrospective single-center study of patients with aSAH, we analyzed immune cell count trajectories, including neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, collected from day 1 to day 14. These trajectories were classified into four distinct clusters utilizing the k-means longitudinal clustering method. A comprehensive multivariable analysis was performed to explore the associations of these immune cell clusters with various clinical outcomes. These outcomes included a Modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) of 3 to 6, indicative of poor functional outcomes, along with complications including shunt dependency, vasospasm, and secondary cerebral infarction.ResultsIn this study, 304 patients with aSAH were analyzed. The trajectories of immune cell counts, including neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, were successfully categorized into four distinct clusters for each immune cell type. Within neutrophil clusters, both persistent neutrophilia and progressive neutrophilia were associated with poor functional outcomes, shunt dependency, and vasospasm, with resolving neutrophilia showing a lesser degree of these associations. Within monocyte clusters, early monocytosis was associated with vasospasm, whereas delayed monocytosis was associated with shunt dependency. Within lymphocyte clusters, both early transient lymphopenia and early prolonged lymphopenia were associated with poor functional outcomes.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that distinct immune cell trajectories post-aSAH, identified through unsupervised clustering, are significantly associated with specific clinical outcomes. Understanding these dynamic immune responses may provide key insights with potential for future therapeutic strategies.

Đánh giá gánh nặng chăm sóc và một số yếu tố liên quan của người chăm sóc người bệnh đột quỵ tại Khoa Nội - Hồi sức Thần kinh Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị Việt Đức

Objective: To assess caregiver burden and related factor to constipation among caregivers of stroke patients in Department of Neurology and Neuro Intensive Care, Viet Duc University Hospital. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study performed in 90 caregivers of stroke patients. Zarit Burden Interview was used to assess caregiver burden Results: The mean score of caregiver burden was 20.83 ± 13.02; and majority of caregivers had mild to moderate burden (47.8%), there were 6.7% of caregiver had moderate to severe burden (p &lt; 0.05). Perceived self-health, the number of days for caregiving, and functional dependence of stroke patients had statistically significant associations with caregiver burden, in which the number of days for caregiving, and functional dependence of stroke patients statistically significant predicted caregiver burden (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Caregiver burden of caregivers of stroke patients in our study were moderate. Early interventions that focus on risk factors, support caregivers in caring for patients, and increase the patient's functional independence will help reduce caregiver burden.

Short-term mortality and associated factors among older hospitalized patients: A narrative retrospective analysis of end-of-life care in an acute geriatric unit

ObjectivesTo explore short-term mortality and its predictors among older patients hospitalized in a acute geriatric ward (AGW) in Northwestern Italy. DesignRetrospective observational single-center cohort study. Material and methodsPatients consecutively admitted for any reason between June 2021 and May 2022 were included in the analysis. Along with sociodemographic, clinical, and functional variables, prognosis estimation (Palliative Prognostic Index; PPI) at the time of admission was registered. Short-term all-cause mortality (in-hospital and within 3 months of discharge) was the primary outcome. ResultsAbout one-third of the total sample died in the short-term (32.4 %). Along with PPI score (OR 1.115, 95 %CI 1.034–1.202), short-term mortality was independently associated with functional dependency (OR 1.278, 95 %CI 1.170–1.395). ConclusionsThe high short-term mortality in our sample should call for the inclusion of palliative prognostic tools within the in-hospital comprehensive geriatric assessment to better recognize and appropriately manage older patients at the end of life.

A PROTAC degrader suppresses oncogenic functions of PTK6 inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cells.

Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is an oncogenic driver in many tumor types. However, agents that therapeutically target PTK6 are lacking. Although several PTK6 kinase inhibitors have been developed, none have been clinically translated, which may be due to kinase-independent functions that compromise their efficacy. PTK6 kinase inhibitor treatment phenocopies some, but not all effects of PTK6 downregulation. PTK6 downregulation inhibits growth of breast cancer cells, but treatment with PTK6 kinase inhibitor does not. To chemically downregulate PTK6, we designed a PROTAC, MS105, which potently and specifically degrades PTK6. Treatment with MS105, but not PTK6 kinase inhibitor, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells, phenocopying the effects of PTK6 (short hairpin RNA) shRNA/CRISPR. In contrast, both MS105 and PTK6 kinase inhibitor effectively inhibit breast cancer cell migration, supporting the differing kinase dependencies of PTK6's oncogenic functions. Our studies support PTK6 degraders as a preferred approach to targeting PTK6 in cancer.

Gas-Kinetic Unified Algorithm for Aerodynamics Covering Various Flow Regimes by Computable Modeling of Boltzmann Equation

The gas-kinetic unified algorithm (GKUA), to solve the modeling of the Boltzmann equation, has been developed to study the aerothermodynamics problems with the effects of wall activation energy covering various flow regimes. The unified velocity distribution function equation could be accordingly presented on the basis of the Boltzmann-Shakhov model. To remove the dependence of the distribution function on velocity space, the conservational discrete velocity ordinate method has been developed for hypervelocity flows. The gas-kinetic finite difference scheme is constructed to directly solve the discrete velocity distribution functions by the operator splitting technique. The discrete velocity numerical integration method with the Gauss-type weight function has been developed to evaluate the macroscopic flow variables. Specially, to model the real physical process between gas molecules and the surface, the Maxwell-type gas-surface interaction model has been presented by the MD (molecular dynamic) simulation to obtain the energy adaptability coefficient. The multi-processing domain decomposition strategy and parallel implementation of high parallel efficiency and expansibility designed for the gas-kinetic numerical method is presented with good load balance and data communication efficiency. To validate the accuracy and feasibility of the present algorithm, the supersonic flows past two-dimensional circular cylinder are simulated covering various flow regimes. The results are in good agreement with the related theoretical, DSMC (Direct Simulation Monte Carlo), N-S (Navier-Stokes), and experimental data. The hypersonic reentry flows with the effects of wall activation energy around the Tianzhou-5 cargo spacecraft are simulated by the present GKUA and the massive parallel strategy. It has been confirmed that the present algorithm from the gas-kinetic point of view probably provides a promising approach to resolve the hypersonic aerothermodynamic problems with the complete spectrum of flow regimes during the re-entry and disintegration of the large-scale spacecraft.

Uniqueness, stability and algorithm for an inverse wave-number-dependent source problem

Abstract This paper is concerned with an inverse wave-number-/frequency-dependent source problem for the Helmholtz equation. In two and three dimensions, the unknown source term is supposed to be compactly supported in spatial variables but independent on one spatial variable. The dependence of the source function on wave-number/frequency is supposed to be unknown. Based on the Fourier-transform and Dirichlet-Laplacian methods, we develop two efficient non-iterative numerical algorithms to recover the wave-number-dependent source. Uniqueness proof and increasing stability analysis are carried out if the boundary measurement data of Dirichlet kind are available. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods.

Increasing Specific Capacitance by Optimization of the Thickness of Carbon Electrodes

AbstractIncreasing energy density without sacrificing the lifetime, power and cyclability of electrochemical capacitors is a very important goal. However, most efforts are directed toward the improvement of active charge‐storing materials, while the design of devices and minimization of the weight/volume of the passive component have received less attention. We propose here a mathematical model of a carbon supercapacitor in organic electrolyte, which establishes a relationship between the specific capacitance of a device, the thickness of its electrodes, and the weight of its passive components (case, external current leads, current collectors, etc.). The model was built based on experimentally obtained dependences and has been validated using experiments with electrodes made of two porous carbon materials. Regardless of the pore size distribution in the specified range of electrode thicknesses, the functional dependence of the electrode's specific capacitance on the thickness is well described within the linear approximation. The developed model enables optimization of the electrode thickness, thus maximizing specific energy density for a chosen carbon electrode material.

Multiscale Analysis of Surface Topography for Engineering Applications in the Casting Industry.

This paper presents the results of studies aimed at assessing the impact of the molding process on the variability of surface irregularities of casting models. This research was conducted using a selected multiscale method, i.e., wavelet transformation, in both discrete and continuous perspective. The test samples were made both based on traditional methods of manufacturing casting models, i.e., machining of aluminum and wood, as well as using three additive technologies. The impact of the forming process on the variability of the topography of the produced models was evaluated. This research comprehensively relates to the assessment of the applicability of additive technologies, which are increasingly used in various industrial areas, as well as the impact of the process on surface topography in relation to scale. The statistical assessment based on the ANOVA analysis demonstrated that it is possible to distinguish between the surfaces before and after a specific number of forming cycles. Studies have shown that the impact of the forming process is relatively small, mainly affecting the long-term irregularity components, and there are no functional dependencies in terms of the impact of the forming process on the variation in surface topography in relation to the manufacturing method or its parameters.