Fullerene Bisadducts Research Articles

Efficient Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Precisely Synthesized Single-Isomer Fullerene Bisadducts with Regulated Molecular Packing.

Designing and synthesizing fullerene bisadducts with a higher-lying conduction band minimum is promising to further improve the device performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). However, the commonly obtained fullerene bisadduct products are isomeric mixtures and require complicated separation. Moreover, the isomeric mixtures are prone to resulting in energy alignment disorders, interfacial charge loss, and limited device performance improvement. Herein, we synthesized single-isomer C60- and C70-based diethylmalonate functionalized bisadducts (C60BB and C70BB) by utilizing the steric-hindrance-assisted strategy and determined all molecular structures involved by single crystal diffraction. Meanwhile, we found that the different solvents used for processing the fullerene bisadducts can effectively regulate the molecular packing in their films. The dense and amorphous fullerene bisadduct films prepared by using anisole exhibited the highest electron mobility. Finally, C60BB- and C70BB-based TPSCs showed impressive efficiencies up to 14.51 and 14.28%, respectively. These devices also exhibited excellent long-term stability. This work highlights the importance of developing strategies to synthesize single-isomer fullerene bisadducts and regulate their molecular packing to improve TPSCs' performance.

(Invited) Tether-Directed Regioselective Synthesis of Bispyrazolinofullerenes

The problematic regioselective synthesis of fullerene bisadducts was finely solved by Diederich with the introduction of the tether-directed functionalization.[1] Since then, many other examples have been described, most of them using double Bingel addition or Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions. Surprisingly, although 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions are the most popular procedure for functionalization of C60, the use of this reaction for regioselective synthesis of fullerene bisadducts.Here we present our results of selective synthesis of trans-3 or e-bispirazolinofullerenes using bisnitrilimine tethered by di-tertbutylsilylbis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) group [3][4]. Further rupture of the silyl ester group allows the preparation of new derivatives for selected applications.[1] L.Isaacs, R.F.Haldimann,F.Diederich,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.1994,33,2339. [2] F. Diederich, R. Kessinger. Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 537. [3] V. Cuesta, M. Urbani, P. de la Cruz, L. Welte, J.F. Nierengarten, F. Langa, Chem. Comm. 2016, 52, 13205 [4] R. Caballero, M. Barrejón, J. Cerdá, J. Aragó, S. Seetharaman, P. de la Cruz, E. Ortí, F. D’Souza, F. Langa. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 11199. Figure 1

Well-Defined Fullerene Bisadducts Enable High-Performance Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) are attracting intense research interest due to their excellent optoelectric properties and eco-friendly features. To further improve the device performance, developing new fullerene derivatives as electron transporter layers (ETLs) is highly demanded. Four well-defined regioisomers (trans-2, trans-3, trans-4, and e) of diethylmalonate-C60 bisadduct (DCBA) are isolated and well characterized. The well-defined molecular structure enables us to investigate the real structure-dependent effects on photovoltaic performance. It is found that the chemical structures of the regioisomers not only affect their energy levels, but also lead to significant differences in their molecular packings and interfacial contacts. As a result, the devices with trans-2, trans-3, trans-4, and e as ETLs yield efficiencies of 11.69%, 14.58%, 12.59%, and 10.55%, respectively, which are higher than that of the as-prepared DCBA-based (10.28%) device. Notably, the trans-3-based device also demonstrates a certified efficiency of 14.30%, representing one of the best-performing TPSCs.

Design of Linearly Substituted Fullerene Bis-Adducts with High Dielectric Constants Based on Theoretical Calculations

Abstract The low dielectric constants of organic semiconductors, relative to those of inorganic materials, are an intrinsic limitation. Improving the dielectric constant is important for the development of organic electronics. In this study, we established a method for increasing the dielectric constant of fullerene derivatives based on theoretical calculations and cheminformatics. We designed linearly substituted C70 fullerene bis-adducts with two different substituents and investigated the properties of the thin film devices. The bis-adducts had relatively high dielectric constants and moderate electron mobilities. Our study reveals that high-throughput computational screening is an effective strategy for the design of fullerene bis-adducts with high dielectric constants.

Fullerene bisadduct stabilizers: The effect of different addition positions on inhibiting the autocatalytic decomposition of nitrocellulose absorbed nitroglycerin

To explore the effect of different positions and number of pyrrolidine bound to the carbon cage on the stabilization effect of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to nitrocellulose (NC)/nitroglycerine (NG), we synthesized N-(4-methoxy) phenylpyrrolidine-C60 and four different of bis(N-(4-methoxy) phenylpyrrolidine)-C60 compounds through Prato reaction. Their structures were characterized by UV–vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their stabilization effect to NC/NG were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, methyl violet, vacuum stabilization effect, weight loss, and accelerating rate calorimeter tests. The results indicated these compounds had excellent stabilization effect to NC/NG. The stabilization effect of the fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts to NC/NG is significantly better than that of fulleropyrrolidine monoadduct and C60. Moreover, the position where pyrrolidine binds to fullerene in fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts is different, and its stabilization effect to NC is also different. The stabilization effect order of different bisadduct isomers to nitrocellulose is as follows: e-edge > trans-2> cis-2> trans-3. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and FT-IR were used to study the stabilization mechanism of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to NC/NG. The EPR results also show that fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts with different addition sites have different abilities to absorb nitroxide, and their ability is better than that of the monoadduct and C60, which is consistent with the results of stabilization effect performance test.

A three-shell supramolecular complex enables the symmetry-mismatched chemo- and regioselective bis-functionalization of C60.

Molecular Russian dolls (matryoshkas) have proven useful for testing the limits of preparative supramolecular chemistry but applications of these architectures to problems in other fields are elusive. Here we report a three-shell, matryoshka-like complex-in which C60 sits inside a cycloparaphenylene nanohoop, which in turn is encapsulated inside a self-assembled nanocapsule-that can be used to address a long-standing challenge in fullerene chemistry, namely the selective formation of a particular fullerene bis-adduct. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that the ternary complex is sufficiently stable in solution for the two outer shells to affect the addition chemistry of the fullerene guest. When the complex is subjected to Bingel cyclopropanation conditions, the exclusive formation of a single trans-3 fullerene bis-adduct was observed in a reaction that typically yields more than a dozen products. The selectivity facilitated by this matryoshka-like approach appears to be a general phenomenon and could be useful for applications where regioisomerically pure C60 bis-adducts have been shown to have superior properties compared with isomer mixtures.

Fulleropillar[4]arene: The Synthesis and Complexation Properties.

A multihydroquinone ether dialdehyde derivative 2 was incidentally obtained through an unexpected ring opening of pillar[4]arene[1]quinone 1. And the Prato reaction of 2 with [60]fullerene led to [60]fullerene bisadducts, from which trans-4 cyclic regioisomer 3 was isolated and characterized. The fulleropillar[4]arene 3 showed a larger cavity and can accommodate a viologen derivative C12V2+ with a much stronger affinity than permethyl pillar[5]arene (MP5) and pillar[4]arene[1]quinone 1.

Potassium salt promoted regioselective three-component coupling synthesis of 1,4-asymmetrical [60]fullerene bisadducts with superior electron transport properties.

An efficient one-pot three-component domino coupling reaction of phenols, C60, and bromoalkanes was developed, resulting in the highly regioselective synthesis of 1,4-asymmetrical C60 bisadducts. The reaction utilizes KOtBu as a promoter and likely proceeds by an oxyanion/carbanion rearrangement/nucleophilic addition cascade. This new methodology is particularly effective for the synthesis of 1,4-asymmetrical C60 electron transport materials. Its utility is demonstrated by the synthesis of a new efficient 1,4-C60 ETM, which possesses better performance, easier synthesis, and a lower cost compared with the commercially available PCBM.

Regioselective Synthesis and Crystallographic Characterization of Nontethered cis-1 and cis-2 Bis(benzofuro)[60]fullerene Derivatives.

The regioselective synthesis of fullerene bis-adducts remains challenging because it produces large amounts of regioisomers. Novel nontethered cis-1 and cis-2 bis(benzofuro)[60]fullerene derivatives were directly synthesized with high regioselectivity by using chlorofullerene C60Cl6 as a precursor. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray analysis. A nucleophilic addition elimination mechanism was proposed to elucidate the formation of highly regioselective cis-1 and cis-2 bis-adducts. The potential application of these bis(benzofuro)[60]fullerene derivatives as stabilizers in propellants was also investigated.

Isomer Effects of Fullerene Derivatives on Organic Photovoltaics and Perovskite Solar Cells.

Solar energy conversion is one of the most important issues for creating and maintaining a future sustainable society. In this regard, photovoltaic technologies have attracted much attention because of their potential to solve energy and environmental issues. In particular, thin-film solar cells, such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), are highly promising owing to their flexibility, light weight, and low-cost production. One of the most important factors used to evaluate solar-cell performance is the power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is the ratio of the output electric power divided by the input light power. The PCEs of PSCs have become comparable to those of multicrystalline silicon solar cells in a laboratory level, but the PCEs of OPVs have yet to catch up with them and still need to be improved. The insufficient durability of PSCs and OPVs is also a challenge that needs to be addressed. Fullerene derivatives have been utilized as electron acceptors and electron-transport materials in OPVs and PSCs. However, the use of fullerene derivatives requires attention to their isomers if they are multiadducts or even monoadducts produced from fullerenes with low symmetry. Their nonuniform structures and electronic properties may exert a negative effect on photovoltaic properties. However, most researchers in the field of OPVs and PSCs have been unaware of the importance of the isomerism. Even the most prevalent, high-performance fullerene acceptor, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM), has been used as an isomer mixture. In this Account, we summarize recent studies on the effects of isomer separation of fullerene derivatives on the device performances of OPVs and PSCs. Largely, fullerene derivatives containing various isomers are categorized into [60]fullerene bisadducts, [70]fullerene bisadducts, and [70]fullerene monoadducts. In all cases, the difference in isomerism was found to have a large impact on PCEs. The miscibility with polymer donors and film-forming property of fullerene derivatives were affected by the isomer separations, which exert the most potent influence on device performances. Although the disorders in energy levels among isomers are not definitely influencing on photovoltaic properties of isomer mixtures, the molecular packing structures of fullerene derivatives make a significant effect on their photovoltaic properties. Notably, isomerically pure fullerene derivatives often-but not always-exhibit higher PCEs than the isomer mixture. The search for the best isomers of fullerene derivatives and their optimal compositional ratios, which extensively depend on their roles and the combined materials, will be an indispensable step to achieving consistently higher device performances for OPVs and PSCs.

Concave-Convex π-π Template Approach Enables the Synthesis of [10]Cycloparaphenylene-Fullerene [2]Rotaxanes.

The cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are a class of strained macrocycles that until 2008 were considered beyond the reach of organic synthesis. With its cyclic array of ten para-substituted phenylene rings, [10]CPP possesses a concave π-system that is perfectly preorganized for the strong supramolecular association of convex fullerenes such as C60. Although mechanically interlocked CPP architectures have been observed in the gas phase, the rational synthesis of bulk quantities has not been achieved yet, which is likely due to the fact that conventional template strategies are not amenable to CPP rings that lack heteroatoms. Here, we report the synthesis of two [2]rotaxanes in which a [10]CPP ring binds to a central fullerene bis-adduct and is prevented from dethreading by the presence of two bulky fullerene hexakis-adduct stoppers. The final step in the rotaxane synthesis is surprisingly efficient (up to ca. 40% yield) and regioselective because the fullerene acts as an efficient convex template, while [10]CPP acts as a supramolecular directing group, steering the reaction at the central fullerene exclusively toward two trans regioisomers. Comprehensive physicochemical studies confirmed the interlocked structure, shed light on the dynamic nature of the CPP-fullerene interaction, and revealed intriguing consequences of the mechanical bond on charge transfer processes. In light of recent advances in the synthesis of nanohoops and nanobelts, our concave-convex π-π templating strategy may be broadly useful and enable applications in molecular electronics or complex molecular machinery.

Aqueous Soluble Fullerene Acceptors for Efficient Eco-Friendly Polymer Solar Cells Processed from Benign Ethanol/Water Mixtures

We present a new series of fullerene derivatives that exhibit solubility in ethanol/water solvent mixtures and implement these materials to fabricate polymer solar cells (PSCs) using environmentally benign solvents. In order to simultaneously optimize the processability of the fullerenes in ethanol/water solvent mixtures and device performance, different fullerene mono-adducts were designed by introducing oligoethylene glycol side chains with different lengths and number of branches. As a result, we achieved power conversion efficiencies up to 1.4% for PSCs processed from benign ethanol/water mixtures in air. Significantly, the new alcohol/water-soluble fullerene derivatives displayed electron mobilities up to 1.30 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1, 150 times higher than those of a previously reported alcohol-soluble fullerene bis-adduct, owing to efficient packing of the fullerenes. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the acceptor side chain to markedly impact geminate and/or nongeminate charge recom...

Cis-1 Isomers of tethered bismethano[70]fullerene as electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics.

Isomer-controlled [70]fullerene bis-adducts can achieve high performance as electron-acceptors in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) because of their stronger absorption intensities than [60]fullerene derivatives, higher LUMO energy levels than mono-adducts, and less structural and energetic disorder than random isomer mixtures. Especially, attractive are cis-1 isomers that have the closest proximity of addends owing to their plausible more regular close packed structure. In this study, propylene-tethered cis-1 bismethano[70]fullerene with two methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or thienyl groups were rationally designed and prepared for the first time to investigate the OPV performances with an amorphous conjugated polymer donor (PCDTBT). The cis-1 products were found to be a mixture of two regioisomers, α-1-α and α-1-β as major and minor components, respectively. Among them, the cis-1 product with two ethyl groups (Et2-cis-1-[70]PBC) showed the highest OPV performance, encouraging us to isolate its α-1-α isomer (Et2-α-1-α-[70]PBC) by high-performance liquid chromatography. OPV devices based on Et2-cis-1-[70]PBC and Et2-α-1-α-[70]PBC with PCDTBT showed open-circuit voltages of 0.844 V and 0.864 V, respectively, which were higher than that of a device with typical [70]fullerene mono-adduct, [70]PCBM (0.831 V) with a lower LUMO level. However, the short-circuit current densities and resultant power conversion efficiencies of the devices with Et2-cis-1-[70]PBC (9.24 mA cm−2, 4.60%) and Et2-α-1-α-[70]PBC (6.35 mA cm−2, 3.25%) were lower than those of the device with [70]PCBM (10.8 mA cm−2, 5.8%) due to their inferior charge collection efficiencies. The results obtained here reveal that cis-1 [70]fullerene bis-adducts do not guarantee better OPV performance and that further optimization of the substituent structures is necessary.

Effects of Regioisomers in Fullerene Derivatives on Photovoltaic Properties of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

During the last decade, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) revealed rapid progress and achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6-10%, owing to the development of new high-performance low-bandgap polymers as electron donors. Meanwhile, although new electron-accepting materials for PSC devices habe been explored, [70]fullerene derivatives are still prevalent as electron acceptors. An important aspect of [70]fullerene derivatives, which is always neglected in PSC applications, is that as-prepared [70]fullerene mono-adducts consist of a mixture of regioisomers due to the lower symmetry of rugby-ball shaped C70 over spherical C60. As contrasted with C60, C70 has four distinct types of [6,6]-bonds (a-, b-, e-, and k-type bonds), and thereby [70]fullerene derivatives including a prevalent, high-performance [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM) have been employed as a regioisomer mixture in BHJ PSC devices. Considering that the miscibility with conjugated polymers and the molecular arrangement of [70]fullerene derivatives in the active layer have a large impact on charge separation and charge-transporting properties, pristine isomers of [70]fullerene derivatives rather than the isomer mixtures would yield a more desirable donor-acceptor network toward highly efficient BHJ PSCs. Indeed, the regioisomer separations of fullerene bis-adducts have been demonstrated to exhibit positive effects on BHJPSCs. In this study, the regioisomers of [70]fullerene mono-adducts have been separated for the first time to evaluate the pure isomer effect on the photovoltaic properties. To assess the substitution position effect on C70 accurately, first we designed new dihydronaphthyl-substituted [70]fullerenes with two butoxycarbonyl groups ([70]NCMA) as a simplified system. The symmetrical dihydronaphthyl group was selected as the substituent to eliminate the plausible isomers such as enantiomers and diastereomers. Then, we have further extended this strategy to separate the regioisomers of a prevalent, high-performance [70]fullerene mono-adduct acceptor, [70]PCBM, for the first time. [1] S. Kitaura, K. Kurotobi, M. Sato, Y. Takano, T. Umeyama, and H. Imahori, Chem. Commun., 48, 8550-8552 (2012). [2] R. Tao, T. Umeyama, K. Kurotobi, and H. Imahori, ACS Appl. Mater. Interface, 6, 17313-17322 (2014). [3] R. Tao, T. Umeyama, T. Higashino, T. Koganezawa, and H. Imahori, Chem. Commun., 51, 8199-8388 (2015). [4] R. Tao, T. Umeyama, T. Higashino, T. Koganezawa and H. Imahori, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 16676-16685 (2015). [5] T. Umeyama, T. Miyata, A. C. Jakowetz, S. Shibata, K. Kurotobi, T. Higashino, T. Koganezawa, M. Tsujimoto, , S. Gélinas, W. Matsuda, S. Seki, R. H. Friend, and H. Imahori, Chem. Sci., in press.

Regiochemically Controlled Synthesis of a β-4-β' [70]Fullerene Bis-Adduct.

A β-4-β' C70 bis-adduct regioisomer and an uncommon mono-adduct β-malonate C70 derivative were synthesized by using a Diels-Alder cycloaddition followed by an addition-elimination of bromo-ethylmalonate and a retro-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. We also report the regioselective synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of Cs-symmetric tris- and C2v-symmetric tetra-adducts of C70, which are the precursors of the mono- and bis-adduct final products.

Dual Interfacial Modifications Enable High Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Large Open Circuit Voltage and Fill Factor

In this work, both anode and cathode interfaces of p‐i‐n CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) are simultaneously modified to achieve large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) for high performance semitransparent PVSCs (ST‐PVSCs). At the anode, modified NiO serves as an efficient hole transport layer with appropriate surface property to promote the formation of smooth perovskite film with high coverage. At the cathode, a fullerene bisadduct, C60(CH2)(Ind), with a shallow lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level, is introduced to replace the commonly used phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an alternative electron transport layer in PVSCs for better energy level matching with the conduction band of the perovskite layer. Therefore, the Voc, FF and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PVSCs increase from 1.05 V, 0.74 and 16.2% to 1.13 V, 0.80 and 18.1% when the PCBM is replaced by C60(CH2)(Ind). With the advantages of high Voc and FF, ST‐PVSCs are also fabricated using an ultrathin transparent Ag as cathode, showing an encouraging PCEs of 12.6% with corresponding average visible transmittance (AVT) over 20%. These are the highest PCEs reported for ST‐PVSCs with similar AVTs paving the way for using ST‐PVSCs as power generating windows.

Review: Fullerene based acceptors for efficient bulk heterojunction organic solar cell applications

Bulk hetro-junction organic solar cells (BHJ-OSCs) which made by coating the blend of highly electron rich, poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) as a donor and extremely electron deficient, soluble C60 derivative, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as an acceptor between the high work function positive electrode, ITO and low work function metal negative electrode Al, showed exciting results than the bilayer counterpart in the last two decades, thus the scientific circle and solar cell manufacturing groups are focusing on this treasured field. Fullerene derivative based BHJ-OSCs showed astonishing efficiencies due the high donor-acceptor (D-A) interface, high open-circuit voltage (Voc), easy processing, and thermal stability. Hence, the design of the fullerene derivative plays a vital role in the efficiency of the OSCs. Numerous papers were published on the PC61/71BM and various functionally modified fullerene acceptors in the past several years with higher efficiency, higher LUMO level, and improved solubility. The symmetrical structure of PC61BM showed high aggregation properties, insufficient absorption in the visible region, but unsymmetrical PC71BM had a good optical absorption in the visible region, hence it was the most desirable choice for best performing solar cells. From the comparison, it was clear that the modification in the PC61/71BM core with aryl group, alkyl chain length, and end group modification didn’t show any significant difference in the PCE with the P3HT polymer donor in BHJ-OSCs device structure. Fullerenes multi-adducts performed better than the PC61/71BM due to the development in the Voc. In multi-functionalization, mainly bis-functionalization showed better performance than mono-adduct. C60 and C70 based hetro bis-adducts namely, C60(CH2)(Ind), and OQMF70 showed the highest PCE of 5.90%, and 6.61% respectively, which was comparable with the indene based bis-adducts. Commonly, tris-adduct fullerenes showed the lowest PCE due to the isomer effect and electron trapping, but OQBMF was a hetro tris-adduct of C60-methanofullerenes, which showed a excellent PCE of 6.43% due to improved Voc. Similarly, indene substituted C60 and C70 fullerenes based bis-adducts showed supreme PCE, of 6.5% (IC60BA) and ~6.7% (IC70BA) respectively, peak PCE was attributed to the high electron donating indene group, which enhanced the LUMO level due to the shrinkage in the π-system. The dihydronapthyl based fullerene bis-adduct derivatives such as, NC60BA, and NC70BA showed the best performance of 5.37%, and 5.95% respectively, than the mono-adduct. Even though abundant fulleropyrrolidines were reported, the performance of the fulleropyrrolidines based device was very deprived than the PC61/71BM based devices. Though the OSCs are comparatively efficient for commercial application due the insufficient efficiency and lower environmental stability factors controls the early arrival to the market. Therefore, it is essential to go through the recent fullerene derivatives based literatures, including mono-, bis-, tris- and multi-adducts of various methanofullerene derivative, indene based fullerene derivatives, dihydronaptyl substituted fullerenes, fulleropyrolidines, 1,2 and 1,4-adducts and fullerene derivatives for OSCs applications. In this regard, we discussed the present development in fullerene derivative and summarized the efficient fullerene derivatives for the BHJ-OSCs application and suggest a possible scenario for the future development in the fullerene cage.

ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐, Stereo‐, and Atropselective Synthesis of C60 Fullerene Bis‐adducts by Supramolecular‐Directed Functionalization.

ChemInformVolume 47, Issue 44 Isocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Regio-, Stereo-, and Atropselective Synthesis of C60 Fullerene Bis-adducts by Supramolecular-Directed Functionalization. Giovanni Bottari, Giovanni Bottari Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorOlga Trukhina, Olga Trukhina Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAxel Kahnt, Axel Kahnt Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Frunzi, Michael Frunzi Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorYasujiro Murata, Yasujiro Murata Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAntonio Rodriguez-Fortea, Antonio Rodriguez-Fortea Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorJosep M. Poblet, Josep M. Poblet Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorDirk M. Guldi, Dirk M. Guldi Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorTomas Torres, Tomas Torres Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this author Giovanni Bottari, Giovanni Bottari Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorOlga Trukhina, Olga Trukhina Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAxel Kahnt, Axel Kahnt Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorMichael Frunzi, Michael Frunzi Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorYasujiro Murata, Yasujiro Murata Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorAntonio Rodriguez-Fortea, Antonio Rodriguez-Fortea Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorJosep M. Poblet, Josep M. Poblet Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorDirk M. Guldi, Dirk M. Guldi Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorTomas Torres, Tomas Torres Dep. Quim. Org., Univ. Auton., Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, SpainSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 October 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201644094AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue44October, 2016 RelatedInformation

Trimethylsilyl <I>o</I>-Xylenyl-Substituted Fullerene Bis-Adduct as Electron Acceptor for Solution-Processed Polymer Solar Cells

Trimethylsilyl <I>o</I>-Xylenyl-Substituted Fullerene Bis-Adduct as Electron Acceptor for Solution-Processed Polymer Solar Cells

Frontispiece: Regio‐, Stereo‐, and Atropselective Synthesis of C60 Fullerene Bisadducts by Supramolecular‐Directed Functionalization

Frontispiece: Regio‐, Stereo‐, and Atropselective Synthesis of C₆₀ Fullerene Bisadducts by Supramolecular‐Directed Functionalization