Full-time Status Research Articles

Profiles of Teaching Assistants’ Role Performance in Chinese Elementary Schools: A Person-Centred Approach

ABSTRACT Using a person-centred approach, this study aims to identify teaching assistants’ (TAs) profiles in terms of their role performance levels and how these profiles are associated with TAs’ personal and job characteristics. Three hundred and eighty TAs from Chinese elementary schools completed the Teaching Assistants’ Role Performance Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis yielded three profiles: (1) the low role performance level, (2) the medium role performance level, and (3) the high role performance level. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that profile membership was associated with TAs’ personal and job characteristics (i.e. educational level, years of classroom experience, professional training received, and part-time or full-time status) in different ways. The findings contribute to the literature on TA role performance in an inclusive education context and have practical implications for improving role performance among TAs.

대중문화예술인의 스트레스와 제도적 요인의 관계 연구

This study aims to analyze the stress experienced by popular culture artists in the changing work environment. This study used the data from the '2021 Survey on Artists & Activities' in Korea. We analyzed the impact of institutional factors on artists' stress by popular culture field through Ordered logistic regression analysis between film, broadcast, and popular music artists and their stress levels. Career Interruption, Activities period, education, On-the-job injury, residence area and full-time status of broadcast artist significantly affected artist's stress. Also, Public Pension Salaried Workers of broadcast artist, and Group membership of popular music artist significantly affected artists' stress. On the other hand, Experience with Artist Unemployment Insurance were not found to be significant variables. This study suggests that the impact of institutional factors may differ depending on the nature of the popular culture sector, and shows the social limitations of the Artist Unemployment Insurance. The findings suggest that institutional improvements are needed, such as including artists in the scope of existing welfare schemes.

Canadian radiology workforce demographics: Results from a national survey

Rationale and objectiveDemographic data collected about Canadian radiologists and trainees has been limited primarily to binary gender and geographic location. The purpose of this study was to investigate: (1) demographic characteristics of Canadian radiologists and trainees; (2) types of diversity important to radiologists; (3) relationship of radiologist demographics to practice characteristics; and (4) relationship of radiologist demographics to years in practice, (YIP). Materials and methodsFrench and English surveys were distributed via email through radiology associations and social media. Frequency counts of demographic variables were calculated, and chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were performed to explore the relationships between demographic characteristics and role. Results611 individuals responded to the survey. 573 respondents were included in the analysis. 454 (78.8%) were practicing radiologists and 119 (20.7%) were residents/fellows. Half identified as women (50.4%). English was the primary language for most respondents. There was an association between role and sexual orientation (p = 0.02), visible minority (χ2 = 4.79, p < 0.05), religion (χ2 = 4.11, p < 0.05), and having children (χ2 = 136.65, p < 0.05). For radiologists, being a visible minority (χ2 = 11.59, p < 0.05) and age (χ2 = 56.3, p < 0.05) were associated with academic rank while gender (χ2 = 3.83, p < 0.05) and age (χ2 = 13.74, p < 0.05) were related to part-/full-time status. Less women, visible minorities, and women with children had been in practice for long. DiscussionThis study represents a comprehensive analysis of Canadian radiology demographics. Results suggest there is increasing diversity among trainees; however, significant demographic underrepresentation compared to the diversity of Canada exists.

Multi-state survey of wages and financial well-being of mental health peer specialists

BACKGROUND: Certified peer specialists (CPS) serve a critical role in the behavioral health workforce, but little is known about their job quality or financial well-being. OBJECTIVE: Using cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a three-year study of recently certified individuals, we examine the quality of peer specialist (PS) jobs in terms of wage, hours worked, and tenure, and CPS financial well-being (FWB). We also examine whether PS jobs are higher quality and enhance CPS FWB compared to non-PS jobs worked by CPS. Research on job quality and FWB can be used to enhance the peer specialist workforce. METHODS: A sample of 448 employed adults with a recently completed CPS credential participated in an online survey about job characteristics and FWB. RESULTS: Compared to Bureau of Labor Statistics data on comparable non-peer Community/Social Service occupations, PS jobs are lower wage and have shorter job tenure. Compared to the general workforce, PS jobs are more often part-time. Compared to a national survey of all adults in the United States, CPS report lower FWB regardless of job type and are at risk of financial hardship. In multivariable analyses and compared to non-PS jobs, PS jobs were not associated with significantly higher wages, more full-time status, longer tenure, or greater FWB. Higher wage jobs among CPS were associated with higher education, being a Veteran, and residence in an urban/suburban region rather than small town or rural setting. Full-time work was associated with not receiving federal disability benefits. CPS FWB was associated with higher hourly wage, older age, Latinx ethnicity, Veteran status, and better physical health. CONCLUSION: CPS are at risk of financial hardship. Among recently certified CPS, working in PS jobs was not associated with higher wages or greater financial wellbeing compared to CPS working in other jobs.

What Matters for Improving the Success Rates of Different Cohorts of Community College Students?

Objective: Six-year cohort completion rates calculated for California community college students—who declared their goal to obtain a certificate, associate degree, or become university transfer ready—averaged just below 50% for cohorts entering the fall semesters between 2007 and 2011. The range of this completion rate varied from 23% to 67%. This study’s objective is to investigate how institutional choices at a community college influence the completion rates of different types of student cohorts after controlling for factors outside of the college’s control. Method: We use panel-data regression analysis to understand what contributes to these variations in a community college’s cohort completion rate. Results: Our results indicate that colleges prioritizing larger class sizes and fewer credit sections exhibit higher student cohort completion rates. We also find that an academic assistance program directed to low-income students boosts cohort completion rates for eligible students and generates positive spillover effects for their ineligible peers. Likely to create much discussion is our finding that an increase in faculty percentage with full-time status benefits academically unprepared and economically disadvantaged cohorts but not prepared and advantaged ones. Contribution: The primary contribution of this analysis is that college-specific policies on delivering education, over which college administrators have some control, can result in disparate impacts on different types of student cohort completion rates.

Motivating factors for frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey in Japan.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-04177-6.

Racial Equity in Transfer Incentive Policies: A Critical Mixed Methods Analysis

Objective/Research Question: This article examines the racial equity of transfer incentive policies by responding to the research question: How do students of differing races and ethnicities vary in their opportunity to benefit from transfer incentive policies? Methods: We utilized a mixed-methods approach, grounded in Critical Race Theory (CRT). This study included an analysis of state policies’ components and mechanisms to consider whether they are grounded in racially unjust assumptions. The critical policy analysis is combined with a QuantCrit analysis of national data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS) to understand how identified aspects of the policies would affect students of differing races/ethnicities. Results: Our critical policy discourse analysis demonstrates that states’ transfer incentive policies could foster racial inequity through the requirements students must meet (e.g., full-time status, being under the age of 24) and assumptions about what students may know or need regarding transfer. The QuantCrit analysis revealed that many transfer incentive requirements from the policy analysis findings would have a disproportionately negative effect on racially minoritized students’ transfer eligibility. Together, findings and results illustrate how transfer incentives can contribute to educational inequity for racially minoritized students via color-evasive and meritocratic policies. Conclusions/Contributions: Implications include policy reform needed for the development of incentives aligned with closing the racial transfer gap and focused on incentivizing 2- and 4-year institutions in improving the transfer rates of racially minoritized students.

How retention and mobility rates differ for teachers of colour

ABSTRACT This paper examines factors associated with the retention and mobility of teachers of colour in one state in the USA, with a special focus on beginning and novice teachers. We examine year-by-year retention and mobility rates for four time periods, beginning in 2015–16. We use logistic regression models to investigate the relationship between retention and mobility status and a number of variables thought to influence teacher retention and mobility. We find that full-time status and years of teaching experience consistently predict retention and mobility, with large differences in predicted probabilities. We also find statistically significant differences in the retention and mobility rates of Latinx teachers compared to Black teachers. The paper concludes with policy implications for teacher education and induction, and a call for more complex analyses of the retention and mobility of teachers of colour, including the expanded use of disaggregated data by individual racial and ethnic groups.

Predictors of incident diabetes in two populations: framingham heart study and hispanic community health study / study of latinos

BackgroundNon-genetic factors contribute to differences in diabetes risk across race/ethnic and socioeconomic groups, which raises the question of whether effects of predictors of diabetes are similar across populations. We studied diabetes incidence in the primarily non-Hispanic White Framingham Heart Study (FHS, N = 4066) and the urban, largely immigrant Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL, N = 6891) Please check if the affiliations are captured and presented correctly.MethodsClinical, behavioral, and socioeconomic characteristics were collected at in-person examinations followed by seven-day accelerometry. Among individuals without diabetes, Cox proportional hazards regression models (both age- and sex-adjusted, and then multivariable-adjusted for all candidate predictors) identified predictors of incident diabetes over a decade of follow-up, defined using clinical history or laboratory assessments.ResultsFour independent predictors were shared between FHS and HCHS/SOL. In each cohort, the multivariable-adjusted hazard of diabetes increased by approximately 50% for every ten-year increment of age and every five-unit increment of body mass index (BMI), and was 50–70% higher among hypertensive than among non-hypertensive individuals (all P < 0.01). Compared with full-time employment status, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for part-time employment was 0.61 (0.37,1.00) in FHS and 0.62 (0.41,0.95) in HCHS/SOL. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was an additional predictor in common observed in age- and sex-adjusted models, which did not persist after adjustment for other covariates (compared with MVPA ≤ 5 min/day, HR for MVPA level ≥ 30 min/day was 0.48 [0.31,0.74] in FHS and 0.74 [0.56,0.97] in HCHS/SOL). Additional predictors found in sex- and age-adjusted analyses among the FHS participants included male gender and lower education, but these predictors were not found to be independent of others in multivariable adjusted models, nor were they associated with diabetes risk among HCHS/SOL adults.ConclusionsThe same four independent predictors – age, body mass index, hypertension and employment status – were associated with diabetes risk across two disparate US populations. While the reason for elevated diabetes risk in full-time workers is unclear, the findings suggest that diabetes may be part of the work-related burden of disease. Our findings also support prior evidence that differences by gender and socioeconomic position in diabetes risk are not universally present across populations.

Characterization of Electronic Health Record Use Outside Scheduled Clinic Hours Among Primary Care Pediatricians: Retrospective Descriptive Task Analysis of Electronic Health Record Access Log Data.

BackgroundMany of the benefits of electronic health records (EHRs) have not been achieved at expected levels because of a variety of unintended negative consequences such as documentation burden. Previous studies have characterized EHR use during and outside work hours, with many reporting that physicians spend considerable time on documentation-related tasks. These studies characterized EHR use during and outside work hours using clock time versus actual physician clinic schedules to define the outside work time.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize EHR work outside scheduled clinic hours among primary care pediatricians using a retrospective descriptive task analysis of EHR access log data and actual physician clinic schedules to define work time.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, exploratory, descriptive task analysis of EHR access log data from primary care pediatricians in September 2019 at a large Midwestern pediatric health center to quantify and identify actions completed outside scheduled clinic hours. Mixed-effects statistical modeling was used to investigate the effects of age, sex, clinical full-time equivalent status, and EHR work during scheduled clinic hours on the use of EHRs outside scheduled clinic hours.ResultsPrimary care pediatricians (n=56) in this study generated 1,523,872 access log data points (across 1069 physician workdays) and spent an average of 4.4 (SD 2.0) hours and 0.8 (SD 0.8) hours per physician per workday engaged in EHRs during and outside scheduled clinic hours, respectively. Approximately three-quarters of the time working in EHR during or outside scheduled clinic hours was spent reviewing data and reports. Mixed-effects regression revealed no associations of age, sex, or clinical full-time equivalent status with EHR use during or outside scheduled clinic hours.ConclusionsFor every hour primary care pediatricians spent engaged with the EHR during scheduled clinic hours, they spent approximately 10 minutes interacting with the EHR outside scheduled clinic hours. Most of their time (during and outside scheduled clinic hours) was spent reviewing data, records, and other information in EHR.

Nursing Home Workers' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in France.

ObjectivesThe present study sought to examine mental health problems among nursing home workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to investigate COVID-19–related fears, and to identify prepandemic factors associated with current mental health issues.DesignA cross-sectional, online survey was used.Setting and ParticipantsAll employees among 6 nursing homes in southwestern France (N = 455) were solicited between November, 2020 and June, 2021.MethodsThe survey instrument was developed within the World Mental Health consortium to screen for COVID-related fears, probable generalized anxiety, panic attacks, depression, posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders in the past 30 days.ResultsThe survey was completed by 127 workers (89.0% female, mean age = 43.42 years, SD = 11.29), yielding a 28.5% response rate. Overall, 48.03% reported experiencing fear of infecting others at least most of the time. One in 8 (14.96%) indicated that close others feared being infected by them. One-third of the sample (34.65%) met criteria for at least 1 probable current mental disorder. Panic attacks (22.05%) were the most frequently reported mental health problem, followed by depression (16.54%). In multivariate analyses, the only factor associated with having a current probable mental disorder was the presence of any prepandemic mental health problem (adjusted odds ratio 4.76, 95% CI 2.08-10.89). Type of employment contract, full-time status, and medical vs nonmedical staff status were not significantly associated with mental health status.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe study reveals that one-third of nursing home workers in the sample report current probable mental disorders, and these were largely associated with prepandemic mental health status. Screening for common mental health problems and facilitating access to appropriate care should be prioritized in nursing homes.

Training types associated with knowledge and experience in public health workers

BackgroundTraining non-specialist workers in mental healthcare improves knowledge, attitude, confidence, and recognition of mental illnesses. However, still little information is available on which type of mental health training is important in the improvement of these capacities.MethodsWe studied web-based survey data of 495 public health workers to examine training types associated with knowledge and experience in supporting individuals with mental illness. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between a lack of knowledge and experience (outcome) and mental health training (exposure). We fitted three regression models. Model 1 evaluated unadjusted associations. Model 2 adjusted for age and sex. Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, years of experience, mental health full-time worker status, and community population. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were used.ResultsFor all training types, the association between a lack of knowledge and experience and mental health training attenuated as the model developed. In Model 3, a lack of knowledge and experience was significantly associated with training in specific illness (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32–0.93) and screening and assessment (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.39–0.99). Non-significant results were produced for training in counseling, psychosocial support, collaborative work, and law and regulation in Model 3.ConclusionsWe believe that the present study provides meaningful information that training in specific illness and screening and assessment may lead to knowledge and experience of public health workers. Further studies should employ a longitudinal design and validated measurements.

Users and non-users of bikesharing: how do they differ?

ABSTRACT What makes some people eschew bikesharing? What distinguishes users from non-users? The present study examines the transport priorities and socio-demographic characteristics of both users and non-users of bikesharing in the context of Adelaide, an Australian metropolis of 1.3 million people. We apply statistical techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and two-level Nested Logit (NL) modelling, to original survey data collected in 2018. We find that younger age, digital literacy, full-time work status, household size, and certain transport priority dimensions which we term Safekeeping, Ease, and Fitness, are key factors associated with the likelihood of choosing or shunning bikesharing as a mode of transport.

Military Experience in Civilian Government Organizations: An Exploratory Study of Its Effects on a Range of Work Attitudes and Behaviors

There is a large body of research that has comparatively explored the relationship that military experience has with the attitudes and behaviors of employees who work in military organizations. However, very few studies have extended this line of research in civilian organizations. This study seeks to add to this body of research by exploring whether there are meaningful attitude and behavioral differences between veterans and non-veterans who work in a government civilian organization. Using a sample of 500 federal employees in the United States, the findings of this study revealed that prior military experience had no meaningful relationship to the work satisfaction, performance, person-organization fit, public service motivation, work stress, nor turnover intentions of public employees. The most important predictors of the work attitudes of employees were their age, education level, full-time status, and years of work experience. The implications this study has for the field of public management are discussed.

Pretrial justice reform and black–white difference in employment

ABSTRACT While criminal justice reforms aimed at reducing the size of pretrial detainee population are being implemented across the U.S., little is known about their impact on the labour market. Using difference-in-differences approach, we find that the 2017 New Jersey Criminal Justice Reform increased the employment probability among blacks in their prime working age (i.e. 25–54) by 4.2 to 6.8 percentage points; its effect among whites is negligible. Labour force participation, full-time job status, and working hours among blacks also increased. Our findings suggest that individuals not detained pretrial are absorbed by the formal labour market and that this contributes to an overall increase in employment.

School Nurses' Diabetes-Related Attitudes and Self-efficacy in Diabetes Education and Management.

This study explored relationships between school nurses' diabetes-related attitudes, self-efficacy in diabetes management and education, and care practices. One-hundred fourteen school nurses who have taken care of students with type 1 diabetes in public schools comprised this descriptive study sample. Participants completed online surveys. School nurses' diabetes-related attitudes were not related to their self-efficacy in diabetes education, but nurses' attitudes towards the psychosocial impact of diabetes were significantly related to their self-efficacy in diabetes management, and the number of students with diabetes was a significant contributor to this relationship. Nurses' full-time status and the type of school they worked in were significantly related to their self-efficacy in providing diabetes education. School nurses' positive attitudes about providing care for students with diabetes were related to having a higher level of self-efficacy in providing diabetes management. Based on the findings, recommendations are made for health consolidated schools and full-time school nurses.

Healthcare workers\u2019 perspectives on coronavirus testing availability: a cross sectional survey

BackgroundStudies on the impact of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID) for healthcare workers (HCWs) rarely include the full spectrum of hospital workers, including less visible patient support roles. In the early days of the pandemic, COVID testing was preferentially available to HCWs. The objective of this study was to understand how individual experiences for all HCWs during the pandemic were associated with perceptions of access to, and receipt of COVID testing .MethodsAll hospital employees (n = 6736) in a single academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey regarding perceived access to, and receipt of COVID testing during the first wave of the pandemic (March – August 2020). Responses were linked to human resources data. Log binomial univariate and multivariable models were used to estimate associations between individual and employment variables and COVID testing.ResultsA total of 2543 employees responded to the survey (38 %). The mean age was 40 years (± 14). Respondents were female (76 %), white (55 %), worked as nurses (27 %), administrators (22 %) and patient support roles (22 %); 56 % of respondents wanted COVID testing. Age (RR 0.91, CI 0.88–0.93), full time status (RR 0.85, CI 0.79–0.92), employment tenure (RR 0.96, CI 0.94–0.98), changes in quality of life (RR 0.94, CI 0.91–0.96), changes in job duties (RR 1.19, CI 1.03–1.37), and worry about enough paid sick leave (RR 1.21, CI 1.12–1.30) were associated with interest in testing. Administrators (RR 0.64, CI 0.58–0.72) and patient support staff (RR 0.85, CI 0.78–0.92) were less likely than nurses to want testing. Age (RR 1.04, CI 1.01–1.07), material hardships (RR 0.87, CI 0.79–0.96), and employer sponsored insurance (RR 1.10, CI 1.00-1.22) were associated with receiving a COVID test. Among all employees, only administrative/facilities staff were less likely to receive COVID testing (RR 0.69, CI 0.59–0.79).ConclusionsThis study adds to our understanding of how hospital employees view availability of COVID testing. Hazard pay or other supports for hospital workers may increase COVID testing rates. These findings may be applicable to perceived barriers towards vaccination receipt.

Workplace Incivility and Its Effects on the Physical and Psychological Health of Nursing Faculty.

The aim was to explore 1) the relationship between nursing faculty attributes and their experiences with workplace incivility and 2) the impact of experiences with workplace incivility on the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty. Qualitative evidence suggests that workplace incivility impacts the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty. This has not been explored in a quantitative manner. A cross-sectional, correlational survey was distributed to nursing faculty teaching in the southeastern United States. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and hierarchical multivariate multiple regression. Faculty age, full-time status, highest degree earned, orientation programs, and program type were significantly related to experiences with workplace incivility. Workplace incivility was significantly related to an increase in headaches, sleep disturbances, and digestive problems and a decrease in subjective well-being. Workplace incivility significantly impacts the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty.

Are Emergency Medicine Provider Characteristics Associated With Diagnostic Imaging for Low Back Pain?

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reasons for presentation to the emergency department (ED). LBP is most commonly non-specific or mechanical in nature yet can be debilitating. Diagnostic imaging (DI) is commonly ordered contrary to guideline recommendations for patients with LBP. This study seeks to determine if physician characteristics are associated with ordering of DI for patients with non-specific or mechanical LBP in the ED. These characteristics include physician sex, age, experience level, location of residency training, and full-time status.MethodologyWe included all patients presenting to the ED of a Canadian tertiary care center with a diagnosis of non-specific or mechanical LBP between January 2015 and June 2018. We tracked the use of DI for physicians caring for patients presenting to the ED over this period. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, controlling for patient characteristics, to identify provider characteristics that were independently associated with DI use.ResultsInternationally trained physicians were less likely to order diagnostic radiographs than Canadian trained physicians (odds ratio [OR], 0.625; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.95), while middle-aged physicians ordered more computed tomography scans (OR, 6.34; 95% CI, 1.52-26.52) compared to younger physicians; there was no significant difference between younger and older physicians.ConclusionsFew physician characteristics were associated with any DI ordering for non-specific or mechanical LBP. The likelihood of receiving DI for non-specific or mechanical LBP may be more strongly related to unmeasured patient characteristics, settings, or logistical factors.

Knowledge–attitude–practice and psychological status of college students during the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge–attitude–practice (KAP) of Chinese college students regarding COVID-19 and evaluate their psychological status against the background of the COVID-19 outbreak.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis...