Full-time Group Research Articles

Comparison of 2 different wear protocols of vacuum-formed retainers with respect to the conventional parameters and 3-dimensional superimpositional analysis

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 2 different wear protocols of vacuum-formed retainers (VFR) in terms of angular and linear displacement of teeth using 3-dimensional (3D) superimpositional analysis and conventional model parameters. The study was conducted on 2 groups, each consisting of 17 patients randomly assigned to the part-time group or full-time group of VFR wearing after a nonextraction treatment. While conventional model measurements were assessed on 3D dental casts, 3D tooth movements were evaluated by digitally superimposed scans of casts acquired at 4-time points (debonding and 1, 3, and 6 months after debonding). Regarding conventional parameters, the difference between time-dependent changes among the groups was tested using the nonparametric Brunner-Langer and parametric linear mixed models. Considering 3D measurements, comparisons of groups were made using the Student t tests. There were no significant intergroup differences regarding conventional model parameters at any time (P>0.05). Significant intergroup differences were observed regarding angular and linear relapses in the labiolingual directionfor maxillary and mandibular incisors, as well as the rotational relapses for maxillary left canine and mandibular right lateral incisor, which were greater in the part-time group in the first month and at the end of 6months (P<0.05). Conventional model parameters appear to play a debatable role in evaluating the effectiveness of a retainer wear regimen. Three-dimensional analysis of tooth movements revealed that part-time VFR wear was less effective in retaining labiolingual and rotational tooth movements for the first month after debonding.

Predictors of return to work and psychological well-being among women during/after long-term sick leave due to common mental disorders - a prospective cohort study based on the theory of planned behaviour.

Common mental disorders are associated with long-term sick leave, especially among women. There is a lack of theory-based research regarding the impact of personal factors on return to work and psychological well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether return-to-work beliefs and perceived health were predictors of return to work and psychological well-being among women during or after long-term sick leave for common mental disorders, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. This was a prospective cohort study with a 1-year follow-up. At baseline, women (n=282) had been on full- or part-time sick leave for common mental disorders for 2-24 months. Data were collected in October 2019-January 2020 and October 2020-January 2021 in Sweden. The Social Insurance Agency identified the women at baseline. The Return-To-Work Beliefs Questionnaire, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 were used. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted. The women were divided into two groups: full-time sick leave or part-time sick leave at baseline. The results showed that stronger return-to-work intention significantly predicted return to work among women on full-time sick leave at baseline. No significant predictors of return to work were found among women on part-time sick leave at baseline. Psychological well-being was predicted by stronger social pressure to return to work (full-time group) and a more positive attitude toward returning to work and better perceived health (part-time group). We concluded that the Theory of Planned Behaviour can be useful for understanding return to work among women on full-time sick leave, and what underlies psychological well-being in both groups. However, return to work and psychological well-being were predicted by different factors, indicating that a multifactorial approach should be used in supporting women to return to work after long-term sick leave for common mental disorders.

Comparisons of Clinical Outcomes between Weekday-Only and Full-Time, 24-Hour/7-Day Coverage Hospitalist Systems.

BackgroundSince the launch of pilot programs in 2016, varying ranges of hospitalist coverage exist in Korea. We evaluated the effects of differing depths of hospitalist coverage on clinical outcomes.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed the records of 513 patients admitted to a medical hospitalist unit through emergency department at Seoul National University Hospital. The full-time group included patients admitted in 2018 who received 24/7 hospitalist service, whereas the weekday group included patients admitted in 2019 with only weekday hospitalist service. In-hospital clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsUnplanned intensive care unit admission rate was lower in the full-time group than in the weekday group (0.4% vs. 2.9%; P = 0.042). Discharges to local hospitals for subacute or chronic care were more frequent in the full-time group than in the weekday group (12.6% vs. 5.8%; P = 0.007). The weekday coverage was a predictive factor of in-ward mortality (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.99) after adjusting for potential confounding factors.ConclusionUninterrupted weekend coverage hospitalist service is helpful for care-plan decision and timely care transitions for acutely and severely ill patients.

1168 Time Spent on Ambulatory Electronic Health Records Outside of Scheduled Work Hours by Gastroenterology Physicians

INTRODUCTION: The introduction of electronic health records (EHR) has been linked to physician burnout. This study aims to quantify the time gastroenterology physicians spend on ambulatory EHR outside of scheduled work hours. METHODS: Data was collected for time spent in ambulatory EHR for the eight-week period 02/03/2019 - 03/30/2019. Cumulative scheduled time was calculated for each physician. Hospital-based clinical encounters and time spent in hospital-based EHR were excluded from analysis. Ratios of ambulatory EHR time to scheduled time were calculated. We also analyzed data on physician FTE status, post-fellowship experience, new patient visit time interval, and correlated these data with the aforementioned ratio. P-values &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. This study was reviewed by our Institutional Review Board, and a waiver was obtained. RESULTS: Data was available for 41 providers; 18 providers were excluded (5 non-physicians, 3 with FTE status &lt; 0.2, 2 pediatric gastroenterologists, 8 without available scheduled time data). Data were analyzed for 23 gastroenterology physicians with 7,373 ambulatory encounters (3465 office visits, 310 office-based procedures, and 3598 ASC) across 4 sites. The average weekly time spent in EHR was 41.30 ± 11.73 hours, and the average weekly scheduled time was 24.48 ± 7.64 hours. Correspondingly, the average ratio of EHR time to scheduled time was determined to be 1.78 ± 0.70. Part-time and full-time physicians were also compared. There was a greater proportion of males in the full-time group rather than the part-time group (90.91% vs. 58.33%, P = 0.076). In addition, there was a trend towards a higher ratio of EHR time to scheduled time for part-time physicians (1.99 ± 0.88 vs. 1.56 ± 0.36), although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.15). The only statistically significant predictor of ratio was FTE status, treated as a continuous variable; the slope of the linear regression model was -3.06 ± 0.83 (P = 0.001) and the corresponding R2 was 0.39. Neither experience, in years after fellowship, nor new patient visit interval, were correlated with ratio. CONCLUSION: Our data show that gastroenterology physicians spend significant time outside of their scheduled time on EHR-related tasks. More studies are needed to better understand the distribution of time across different tasks; targeted countermeasures, such automation and utilization of non-physician staff, may help reduce the burden of EHR time and, correspondingly, the risk for physician burnout.

The resource running time manager for integrated environment

Latest scientific application and simulation are requiring powerful computing resources. To get the sufficient resources, more and more computer experts are constructing high-end supercomputer, cluster computing or cloud computing. Although most corporations are starting to use high performance computing by organizing cluster, they rarely add some extra resources dynamically when computing power is not sufficient. In addition, they are also expensive to use insufficient resources as cloud computing resources. To overcome resource limitations when using cloud computing to conduct large computations, we exploit underutilized personal desktops by organizing a heterogeneous cluster environment. An open-source based scheduler, Son of Grid Engine (SGE) is provided in the integrated environment to manage or control the extra computing resources. Two kinds of groups are classified according to the individuals degree of utilization: a full-time group that provides resources at any time, and a custom-time group that provides resources only at designated times. We developed a resource manager that can turn on/off and schedule the SGE execution daemon; this manager performs as the core engine. The resource running time manager efficiently allocates and controls the members of affiliated computing resources.

An application of Mobley's intermediate linkages turnover model to a full-time employee group typology

Recent research has supported the heterogeneity of full-time employees based upon demographics and outside of work roles. These factors are also related to many employee and organizational outcomes, specifically the constructs found within Mobley's intermediate linkages model of turnover. The current study hypothesizes and tests, using structural equation modelling, differences between full-time groups in the relationships within Mobley's model. The results generally support Mobley's model, as well as differences in the strength of the relationships for different full-time groups.

A Controlled Trial to Compare the Teaching Quality of Clinical-Skills Training Faculty: The Clinician-Educator Career Path in China

Background: Full-time clinician educators are becoming more predominant in China, yet their effect is unknown. Purposes: The purpose of this study was to compare the teaching quality of full-time (FT) faculty with that of part-time (PT) faculty in one Chinese medical school. Methods: In 3 consecutive years, 881 3rd year medical students were enrolled and randomly distributed into two groups, being taught by either a FT faculty member or a PT faculty member. Their teaching quality was evaluated with student performance on a written exam, the standardized patient exam, and student satisfaction. Results: The students in the FT group always scored better on the written exam (1st year = 79.82 ± 9.2 vs. 81.26 ± 8.2, p < .188; 2nd year = 73.10 ± 9.8 vs. 76.51 ± 7.9, p = .001; 3rd year = 75.15 ± 9.0 vs. 79.51 ± 8.7, p < .0001). In the standardized patient exam, the students from FT groups always showed better performance in history taking and physical examination. Students continually gave higher evaluations to FT faculty in questionnaires (1st year = 76.8 ± 6.5 vs. 84.3 ± 2.2; 2nd year = 78.6 ± 3.9 vs. 89.7 ± 4.2; 3rd year = 75.8 ± 3.9 vs. 88.5 ± 3.5, all ps < .001). Conclusions: The teaching quality of FT faculty in clinical-skills training is better than PT faculty in this study.

The Effects of Occlusion Therapy in Patients With Anisometropic Amblyopia Aged 8 Years and Older

Purpose: To compare the effects of full-time and part-time occlusion therapy in patients who had been diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopia after age eight and have begun treatment. Methods: We included patients eight years old or older who had been diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopia. They were treated with full-time or part-time occlusion therapy and followed up for at least six months. Treatment was considered successful when visual acuity was increased by two lines or more. Results: There were 26 total patients. There were 14 part-time and 12 full-time occlusion therapy patients in the respective groups. Visual acuity for the amblyopic eyes was significantly improved while the non-amblyopic eyes did not show any significant differences after the treatment. The changes in the visual acuity were significantly larger for the full-time treatment group compared to the part-time treatment group. The full-time occlusion group showed a significant difference in visual acuity of the amblyopic eyes after treatment. Lower visual acuity of an amblyopic eye at the first visit led to a greater improvement in visual acuity after the treatment. Conclusions: With good compliance, occlusion therapy for anisometropic amblyopia can be successful even if it is initiated after eight years of age.

Frequency of subsyndromal symptoms and employment status in patients with bipolar disorder

This study investigated the frequency of episodes and subsyndromal symptoms based on employment status in patients with bipolar disorder. Patients with bipolar disorder (n = 281) provided daily self-reported mood ratings for 5 months, returning 46,292 days of data. Data were analyzed using three employment status groups: disabled (n = 75), full-time employee or full-time student (n = 135), and other (n = 71). Demographic characteristics were compared by employment status. A univariate general linear model with employment status and other demographic variables as fixed factors and covariates was used to analyze the percent of days in episodes and percent of days with subsyndromal symptoms. While there was no significant difference in the percent of days in episodes among the employment groups, disabled patients suffered subsyndromal symptoms of depression twice as frequently as those in the full-time group. Disabled patients spent 15% more days either in episodes or with subsyndromal symptoms than those in the full-time group, equivalent to about 45 extra sick days a year. Frequent subsyndromal symptoms, especially depressive, may preclude full-time responsibilities outside the home and contribute to disability in bipolar disorder. Additional treatments to reduce the frequency of subsyndromal symptoms are needed.

Beyond the Mommy Track: The Influence of New-Concept Part-Time Work for Professional Women on Work and Family

This study investigates how the option for new-concept part-time work influences the ability of mothers of preschool children working in professional occupations to successfully integrate work and family responsibilities while maintaining career opportunities. Data are from a subset of the 1996 IBM Work and Life Issues Survey in the United States (n = 687). Compared to their counterparts who worked full time, mothers who worked in these part-time positions reported significantly greater work-family balance and did not report significantly less career opportunity. The part-time group reported 47% fewer work hours and 41% lower income than the full-time group. These data support the notion that new-concept part-time work is a viable option to assist women in professional careers to successfully integrate their family career. Implications of these findings are presented.

A randomized trial of prescribed patching regimens for treatment of severe amblyopia in children

Objective To compare full-time patching (all hours or all but 1 hour per day) to 6 hours of patching per day, as prescribed treatments for severe amblyopia in children younger than 7 years. Design Prospective, randomized multicenter clinical trial (32 sites). Participants One hundred seventy-five children younger than 7 years with amblyopia in the range of 20/100 to 20/400. Intervention Randomization either to full-time patching or to 6 hours of patching per day, each combined with at least 1 hour of near-visual activities during patching. Main outcome measure Visual acuity in the amblyopic eye after 4 months. Results Visual acuity in the amblyopic eye improved a similar amount in both groups. The improvement in the amblyopic eye acuity from baseline to 4 months averaged 4.8 lines in the 6-hour group and 4.7 lines in the full-time group ( P = 0.45). Conclusion Six hours of prescribed daily patching produces an improvement in visual acuity that is of similar magnitude to the improvement produced by prescribed full-time patching in treating severe amblyopia in children 3 to less than 7 years of age.

Comparison of Part-Time Workers and Full-Time Workers: Commitment and Citizenship Behaviors in Korean Sport Organizations

This study investigated the differences in job attitudes between part-time (n = 96) and full-time (n = 82) workers in Korean sports organizations. They responded to a questionnaire including Meyer and Allen's (1984) scales for affective (AC) and continuance commitment (CC), and Smith, Organ, and Neat’s (1983) organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses of the data supported the subscale structures and the equivalence of measurement in the two groups. The full-time workers scored significantly higher on AC and OCB while the part-time workers scored higher on CC. While the relationship between AC and OCB was positive and significant in both groups, it was stronger in the full-time group than in the part-time group. The relationship between CC and OCB was significant and negative only in the case of the full-time group. The implication is that part-time work is not as conducive as fall-time work for developing affective commitment or organizational citizenship behavior.

Neutral wrist splinting in carpal tunnel syndrome: A comparison of night-only versus full-time wear instructions

Walker WC, Metzler M, Cifu DX, Swartz Z. Neutral wrist splinting in carpal tunnel syndrome: a comparison of night-only versus full-time wear instructions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:424-9. Objective: To compare the effects of night-only to full-time splint wear instructions on symptoms, function, and impairment in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Design: Randomized clinical trial with 6-week follow-up. Setting: Veterans Administration Medical Center, outpatient clinic. Subjects: Outpatients with untreated CTS were consecutively recruited from our electrodiagnostics lab. Twenty-one patients (30 hands) were enrolled, and 17 patients (24 hands) completed the study. Interventions: Thermoplastic, custom-molded, neutral wrist splints with subjects receiving either full-time or night-only wear instructions. Outcome Measures: Symptoms and functional deficits were measured by Levine's self-administered questionnaire, and physiologic impairment was measured by median nerve sensory and motor distal latency. Compliance and Crossover: Almost all (92%) of the combined sample reported frequent splint use, but their adherence to specific wearing instructions was limited. A majority (73%) of the full-time group reported splint wear less than one half of waking hours, and some (23%) of the night-only group reported occasional daytime wear. Despite this tendency for treatment crossover, the two treatment groups differed in daytime wear as intended (χ2 analysis, p =.004). Results: The combined sample improved in three of four outcome measures: sensory distal latency (mean =.28msec, standard deviation [SD] =.37, p =.004), symptom severity (mean =.64, SD =.46, p =.0001), and functional deficits (mean =.49, SD =.51, p =.0001). Severity of CTS was a factor only in sensory distal latency improvement (more improvement in severe CTS). Subjects receiving full-time wear instructions showed superior distal latency improvement, both motor (.35 vs −.07msec, p =.04) and sensory (.46 vs.13msec, p =.05) when compared with subjects receiving night-only wear instructions. Conclusions: This study provides added scientific evidence to support the efficacy of neutral wrist splints in CTS and suggests that physiologic improvement is best with full-time splint wear instructions. © 2000 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Farm Women as Full-Time Partners: Some Evidence of Sharing Traditional Gender-Based Tasks

The farm and home decision and task responsibilities of husbands and wives for two groups are examined: (1) five hundred ninety-two married male respondents who are husbands in traditional farm families including those with children under twenty-one and wives who work off the farm; and (2) forty married male respondents who consider their wives full-time partners, who indicate that their wives work equally hard on the farm, have no children under twenty-one at home, and do not have off-the-farm employment. For the 592-respondent group, the traditional gender-based division of farm and home decisions and tasks applied. For the full-time partners group, men continued to perform the traditional farm tasks, while wives shared to a greater extent in but did not have sole responsibility for farm decisions or tasks. The forty male respondents reported crossing over and sharing domestic tasks.

The Use of Video in Transferable Skills Education for Biology Students II. Production of Video of ‘Professional’ Quality

As an alternative to an industrial placement, five students in the penultimate year of a biology degree undertook a three month full-time group project. This was the production of a schools teaching package (video and booklet) on introductory practical microbiology, intended for commercial distribution. The project is described.

A non-academic look at the perils and exhilarations of an American percussion group of the 1970s: The blackearth experience

Throughout the decade of the 1970s, the Blackearth Percussion Group offered an alternative to traditional performance practices to several young musicians. The group's success can be measured, to some extent, by its long term residencies at The University of Illinois in Urbana, Northern Illinois University in Dekalb, and the College-Conservatory of Music in Cincinnati, as well as several recordings, thirty-eight world premieres and numerous compositions written for the ensemble. Blackearth, a full-time group which rehearsed daily, performed 157 concerts in the United States, Canada and Europe during its seven year span. The difficulties inherent in a collective ensemble performing new and experimental music contributed to its disbanding in 1979.

Introducing new software engineering graduates to the ‘real world’ at the GPT company

In this paper, a two-week full-time group project course for new graduate recruits at GEC-Plessey Telecommunications is examined. Role play by the course leader and a few ‘dirty tricks’ simulate the ‘real world’ environment. The course is found to have advantages over corresponding undergraduate courses, as the restricted hours and full supervision tend to highlight the problems that occur and ensure the lessons of the course are more effectively learned. Suggestions are made as to how a university or polytechnic can partially overcome their lack of resources and gain some of the advantages of the GPT course. It is concluded that the benefits of realism and awareness gained by the graduates mean that the GPT course will continue to be a worthwhile course valued by company managers, and that other companies may find it useful to incorporate such a course into their own training programmes.

The Labor Force Decision of Married Female Teachers: A Reply

children indicate that women with older children tend to be in the full-time group. The negative coefficients for the ages of the second and fourth children themselves imply that individuals with high values for these variables are least likely to be classified as full-time workers. The interactions between the children or the non-linearity of the relation between ages and the labor supply behavior of the wife probably account for the alternating signs.9