Full-time Female Employees Research Articles

Linking enterprise information systems success to female employees’ work–family enrichment in China

Abstract The spread and application of enterprise information systems (EISs) has provided scholars and managers with a new perspective to enhance the work–family enrichment. Based on the work–family enrichment theory, this research aims to examine the ability of female employees to enhance their work–family enrichment by applying the resources accumulated through the use of EISs by combining the technology acceptance model with the DeLone & McLean Information Systems Success Model. The findings based on a survey of 823 full-time female employees in China indicated that the information systems quality factors (including information quality, system quality, and service quality) were positively associated with female employees’ work–family enrichment. In addition, the chained mediating effect of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness was examined. The results can help female employees to perform positively in both work and family spheres and provide positive support for the promotion of the social fertility policies.

Analysis of the Effect of Work Meaning and Work Totality on Work-Life Balance of Female Workers in Capital Cities in Indonesia

This research aims to elucidate the impact of the entirety of employment and the significance of employment on the equilibrium between work and personal life in female employees. The participants in this study consist of 300 married, full-time female employees in various major cities in Indonesia. For this investigation, a quantitative methodology is used. Through the usage of the Google Form link, data is indirectly collected online. Through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), each measuring device's concept validity is examined using the Lisrel 8.70. Multiple regression analysis methods are used with SPSS's assistance to test the study hypothesis. The purposive sampling method makes use of non-probability sampling. The study's results show that the combined impact of work significance (genuineness, self-efficacy, self-worth, purpose, belongingness, transcendence, culture, and interpersonal understanding) and work entirety (enthusiasm, dedication, and flexibility) on work-life balance exceeds 50%. Commitment, sincerity, and self-efficacy are the factors that have a substantial impact on work-life balance.

The role of strategic internal communication in empowering female employees to cope with workplace gender discrimination

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the excellent practice of public relations concerning strategic internal communication may help empower female employees to cope with workplace gender discrimination. It constructs and empirically tests a theoretical model that investigates the role of transparent internal communication on diversity and inclusion in shaping female employees' sense of empowerment, and that empowerment may affect how they cope with such problems in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted with 402 full-time female employees in large-sized organizations in the United States. Structural equation models were conducted to test the proposed measurement model and hypothesized model.FindingsThe findings of this study offer support for the proposed model that featuring transparent internal communication regarding workplace gender discrimination increases female employees' empowerment to tackle the problems, which in turn encourages them to adopt problem-focused coping and participate in collective coping behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsExcellent internal communication not only facilitates organization-employee relationships as prior research widely demonstrated, but, according to the findings of this study, also creates a sense of empowerment among female employees, which encourage them to proactively address workplace gender discrimination issue.Practical implicationsOrganizations should practice transparent communication regarding diversity and inclusion, ensuring employees receive sufficient information, clear guidelines, and opportunities to voice as well as aim to develop empowerment interventions that help employees address discrimination issues in the workplace.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, this study is among the first empirical studies that present the importance of strategic internal communication, particularly transparent communication, in facilitating gender equality in the workplace.

Work environment characteristics as determinants of work to family conflict among working females, Egypt.

Positive work environment is the corner stone for control and relief of work to family conflict (WFC). To determine the prevalence work-family spillovers and to study the relations between them and work environment characteristics among full-time female employees at Tanta University Medical Campus. A cross-sectional study was carried among female employees working in the five faculties that are present at Tanta University Medical Campus. A total of 442 female workers were recruited. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including personal characteristics, work-related data, and home responsibilities. Job characteristics scales, work to family, and family to work spillovers scales were used to study their correlation. Participants' mean age was 39.87 ± 10.07 years. Approximately half of participants had moderate degrees of both positive and negative work to family and family to work spillovers. Significant positive correlation was detected between skills discretion and both of positive work to family and family to work spillovers (r = 0.361, r = 0.288, P = 0. 0.001, respectively); similar relations were reported regarding decision authority, coworkers' support, and supervisors' support. The negative work to family and family to work spillovers significantly increased by increasing in work demands (r = 0. 0.315, r = 0.218, P = 0. 0.001, respectively). Significant and negative correlations were found between each of skills discretion and supervisors' support scales and the negative impact of family to work spillover (r = - 0.130; P = 0.006, r = - 0.167; P = 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of both positive and negative work to family and family to work spillovers was relatively high. Significant relations were detected between work-family spillovers and work environment characteristics regarding skills discretion, work demands, decision authority, coworkers, and supervisors' support.

Gender diversity in employees and discretionary accruals: the Korean evidence

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the relation between gender diversity in employees and earnings quality. Specifically, how gender diversity among full-time and part-time employees is associated with discretionary accruals in Korea is examined.Design/methodology/approachThe author analyzes the association between women ratio among full-time (part-time) employees and discretionary accruals by using 3,687 firm-years of Korean listed companies from 2010 to 2012. The regression model used in Barua et al. (2010) is adopted. The dependent variables, the absolute value of discretionary accruals, are proxied by the Modified Jones Model of Dechow et al. (1995) and the Performance Matched Model of Kothari et al. (2005).FindingsFirst, a higher ratio of women among full-time workers is related to lower discretionary accruals, whereas that of part-time female employees is not related to discretionary accruals. Second, the effect of gender diversity in employees varies depending on the possibility of earnings management. Third, the results are robust with sample firm-years without female executives, thereby suggesting that the results are not driven by the existence of female executives, and robust to accounting standards and firm-year clustering.Originality/valueThis paper expands the understanding about the determination of discretionary accruals by demonstrating the impact of full-time female employees on earnings quality. Previous studies demonstrated that female workers are more ethical in the workplace, and the quality of accounting information disclosed by firms with female CFOs or directors, i.e. high ranking officers, is higher. It is observed that accounting information quality is higher when firms simply have more female workers, regardless of their relative position in the firm. This complements the results of previous studies and indicates gender diversity among employees is a sign of accounting information quality.

Work-Family Conflict and Mental Health Among Female Employees: A Sequential Mediation Model via Negative Affect and Perceived Stress.

After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in 2016, more and more working women have found themselves caught in the dilemma of whether to raise a baby or be promoted, which exacerbates work–family conflicts among Chinese women. Few studies have examined the mediating effect of negative affect. The present study combined the conservation of resources model and affective events theory to examine the sequential mediating effect of negative affect and perceived stress in the relationship between work–family conflict and mental health. A valid sample of 351 full-time Chinese female employees was recruited in this study, and participants voluntarily answered online questionnaires. Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and multiple mediation analysis were used to examine the relationships between work–family conflict, negative affect, perceived stress, and mental health in full-time female employees. We found that women’s perceptions of both work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict were significant negatively related to mental health. Additionally, the results showed that negative affect and perceived stress were negatively correlated with mental health. The 95% confidence intervals indicated the sequential mediating effect of negative affect and stress in the relationship between work–family conflict and mental health was significant, which supported the hypothesized sequential mediation model. The findings suggest that work–family conflicts affected the level of self-reported mental health, and this relationship functioned through the two sequential mediators of negative affect and perceived stress.

Work–family conflict of nurses in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of work-family conflict among Japanese nurses by using microdata describing nurses' characteristics working at health facilities in Japan. We focus in particular on the impacts of shift work and workplace child care support on the conflict between work and child care with preschool children. With a declining fertility trend, it is not easy to recruit sufficient number of nurses from the pool of graduate nurses. Therefore, support for reemployment of inactive nurses and prevention of turnover and enhancement of retention for active nurses have become the important strategies, along with the recruitment of new graduates. We focus on the impacts of (i) flexibility in shift work and (ii) child care support at work, on the conflict between work and child care through performing multivariate regression analysis. The data used in this study come from a survey conducted on members of the Japanese Nursing Association as of the end of July 2001. Concerning shift work and child care support, we limited the sample to the full-time female employees. The sample is limited to 378 respondents who were mothers of preschool children. The results can be summarised as follows: (i) working night shifts does not have a significant effect on the conflict in balancing work and child care. Also findings show that three-shift duty is more likely to increase the conflict. (ii) When supportiveness about child care responsibilities with small children is absent at work, the conflict is likely to increase. (iii) For mothers working night shifts, the reduction of the duties are likely to reduce the conflict. These results highlight the importance of establishing a system in which nurses can select the work hours flexibly and to promote awareness at work regarding the importance of child care support to strike balance between the nursing work and child-raising. The difficulty in balancing work and child care is one of the main factors that prevent inactive nurses from returning to work. Also, enrichment of child care support is important to reemploying inactive nurses. Therefore, revealing the difficulty that nurses experience in balancing work and child care, and the effectiveness of child care support for securing nursing labour, is highly relevant to clinical practice.

Deregulation and Women's Employment: The Diverse Experiences of Women in Britain

In recent years employers in Britain have taken up equal opportunity policies more widely and structural changes in the economy have generally favored women. Against this, the pursuit of labor market deregulation is generally thought to impact adversely on women. This paper considers the changing British policy framework of the last ten to fifteen years and the effects on women's employment, highlighting differences amongst women. Deregulation and flexibilization are argued to have affected the conditions of part-time employment for women rather than its scale and pattern of expansion. The changing gender wage gap in Britain and the growth of pay inequalities amongst women are analyzed using a shift-share approach. The limited convergence in earnings between men and women is largely confined to full-time workers and has two distinct aspects. Full-time female employees have made some inroads into higher-paid occupations, but at the bottom end of the market the narrowing of the gender wage gap reflects little more than the deterioration in the position of low-paid men, relative to the median. The British case shows the limitations of an equal opportunities agenda pursued within a wider regime of burgeoning labor market inequalities.

Women in the public sector: cancer mortality.

Very few mortality occupational studies of female workers have been published, even though the number of women in the workforce has increased dramatically to reach more than 45%. Public sector employees comprise 12% of the female workforce. This article reports the findings of a retrospective cohort mortality study of 1371 full-time female employees of the city of Buffalo, New York, who were employed between January 1, 1950, and October 1, 1979, and have worked a minimum of 5 years. The majority of women were hired in the 1940s and early 1950s and began employment after age 30. This predominantly white-collar, service-oriented female cohort demonstrated significantly lower all-cause mortality than that expected based on US mortality rates for white females. The highest observed numbers of cancer deaths were for breast, digestive, and respiratory cancers. The majority of person-years were accrued in clerical and service occupations. Higher-than-expected mortality was shown for reproductive and respiratory cancers among professional employees; digestive cancers, diseases of the nervous system, and pneumonia among clerical workers; and cancers of the lung and brain and diseases of the digestive system, especially ulcers, among service employees. Because these results are based on few observed cases, they must be interpreted cautiously.