Full Text Research Articles

Development of the Reporting Infographics and Visual Abstracts of Comparative studies (RIVA-C) checklist and guide

People often use infographics (also called visual or graphical abstracts) as a substitute for reading the full text of an article. This is a concern because most infographics do not...

Cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for sickle cell disease: a systematic review protocol.

The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the cost-effectiveness of targeted/selective newborn screening compared with universal screening for sickle cell disease across various countries and settings. The incidence of sickle cell disease is a widespread and potentially fatal hematologic disorder that affects thousands of newborns worldwide. The cost of newborn screening creates a burden on households and the economy. Studies will be eligible for inclusion in the review if they focus on the cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for sickle cell disease, comparing targeted/selective screening with universal screening. A preliminary search of MEDLINE (PubMed) was undertaken using MeSH terms, such as sickle cell disease, newborn , and economic evaluations . Two reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts, and full text independently against the inclusion criteria. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion or with a third reviewer. To assess methodological quality, the JBI checklist for economic evaluation will be used. Data will be extracted by 2 reviewers using a modified JBI data extraction form. The JBI dominance ranking matrix for economic evaluations will be used to summarize and compare the results. Cost-effectiveness will be measured on the basis of cost per test/case detected, quality-adjusted life years gained, or disability-adjusted life years averted. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment will be conducted to evaluate the certainty of economic evidence, such as use of resources and expenditures, and to incorporate the results into the decision-making process. PROSPERO CRD42017057963.

Durability of Effects of Cognitive Remediation on Cognition and Psychosocial Functioning in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Cognitive remediation provides substantial improvements in cognitive performance and real-world functioning for people living with schizophrenia, but the durability of these benefits needs to be reassessed and better defined. The aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive assessment of the durability of the benefits of cognitive remediation for cognition and functioning in people living with schizophrenia and evaluating potential moderators of effects. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, and reference lists of included articles and Google Scholar were inspected. Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials of cognitive remediation in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which follow-up assessments were included. Screening and data extraction were performed by at least two independent reviewers. Cohen's d was used to measure outcomes. Primary outcomes were changes in cognition and functioning from baseline to conclusion of follow-up. Moderators of the durability of effects were assessed. Of 2,840 identified reports, 281 full texts were assessed and 130 reports on 67 studies with 5,334 participants were included. Cognitive remediation produced statistically significant positive effects that persisted at the end of follow-up in global cognition (d=0.23) and in global functioning (d=0.26). Smaller study samples and single-center studies were associated with better cognitive outcomes; longer treatment and follow-up duration, techniques for transferring cognitive gains to the real world, integration with psychiatric rehabilitation, group format of delivery, and more female participants in the sample were associated with better functional outcomes. Cognitive remediation provides durable improvements in cognition and functioning in schizophrenia. This finding corroborates the notion that cognitive remediation should be implemented more widely in clinical and rehabilitation practice.

Applying dynamic systems theory and complexity theory methods in psychotherapy research: A systematic literature review

Objective Dynamic systems theory and complexity theory (DST/CT) is a framework explaining how complex systems change and adapt over time. In psychotherapy, DST/CT can be used to understand how a person's mental and emotional state changes during therapy incorporating higher levels of complexity. This study aimed to systematically review the variability of DST/CT methods applied in psychotherapy research. Methods A primary studies search was conducted in the EBSCO and Web of Knowledge databases, extracting information about the analyzed DST/CT phenomena, employed mathematical methods to investigate these phenomena, descriptions of specified dynamic models, psychotherapy phenomena, and other information regarding studies with empirical data (e.g., measurement granularity). Results After screening 38,216 abstracts and 4,194 full texts, N = 41 studies published from 1990 to 2021 were identified. The employed methods typically included measures of dynamic complexity or chaoticity. Computational and simulation studies most often employed first-order ordinary differential equations and typically focused on describing the time evolution of client-therapist dyadic influences. Eligible studies with empirical data were usually based on case studies and focused on data with high time intensity of within-session dynamics. Conclusion This review provides a descriptive synthesis of the current state of the proliferation of DST/CT methods in the psychotherapy research field.

Pharmacy practice and First Peoples health equity: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this review is to examine and describe global pharmacy practice strategies and interventions designed to achieve health equity for First Peoples. Access to medicines and quality use of medicines is critical to achieving health equity for First Peoples. Pharmacists are uniquely placed to lead the charge in transforming current health systems, reducing health disparities, and bolstering the movement toward health equity. Global studies describing pharmacy practice strategies and interventions designed to achieve health equity for First Peoples will be considered for inclusion in the review. Studies relating to all areas of pharmacy practice, including community and clinical pharmacy, social, administrative, pharmaceutical sciences, practice, teaching, research, advocacy, or service relevant to the review's objective will also be considered for inclusion. The types of studies to be included are qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods systematic reviews, scoping reviews, literature reviews, and gray literature. This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and gray literature sources will be searched from 1998 to the present. Titles, abstracts, and full texts will be screened against the inclusion criteria. Strategies and interventions identified in the included reviews will be mapped to a published framework, outlining actionable strategies for pharmacy practice inclusion in sustainable efforts to achieve health equity. Qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics will be utilized with data presented in tables, accompanied by a narrative. Open Science Framework osf.io/qa64b.

Medicine communication between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and health professionals: a scoping review protocol.

This scoping review will describe strategies to support communication between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and health professionals about medicines. Poor communication is a well-established risk factor contributing to adverse medicine events. Communication challenges are exacerbated for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples due to their poorer health status, greater use of medicines, a first language that may not be English, cultural bias and systemic racism in health services, and lower health literacy resulting from ongoing colonization. A scoping review will assist in summarizing strategies to support the communication process. The review will consider studies describing strategies related to medicine communication between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and health professionals. The proposed review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The review will include all published and unpublished literature in English since 2000, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods study designs, systematic reviews, text and opinion pieces, and gray literature. Databases to be searched will include CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Informit, Indigenous HealthInfoNet, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Google Scholar. Two researchers will screen titles and abstracts independently and assess the full text of selected citations against inclusion criteria. Extracted data will be presented in narrative format accompanied by tables that reflect the objective of the review.

Occupational therapy scope of practice in the rehabilitation of adults experiencing persistent post-concussion symptoms following traumatic brain injury: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of the review is to identify, categorize, and examine literature describing occupational therapy scope of practice in the rehabilitation of adults experiencing persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). PPCS are symptoms experienced by adults a minimum of 2 to 4 weeks after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), and include vestibular, neuropsychiatric, visual, and cognitive issues. Enduring PPCS may result in disability, affecting a person's independence and/or participation in daily activities. Despite growing recognition of the role occupational therapy can offer in TBI rehabilitation, evidence is limited regarding the scope of practice occupational therapists have in the rehabilitation of adults experiencing PPCS. Literature that includes adults (aged 18 to 65 years) experiencing PPCS that describes the occupational therapy scope of practice in concussion programs will be considered for inclusion in this review. Sources reporting on participants aged under 18 years, classified with non-persistent symptoms, and receiving care in acute health care settings will be excluded. Non-English publications or gray literature from civil society or disabled persons organizations or other representative bodies in the field of brain injury will also be excluded. The scoping review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Five electronic databases will be searched for literature published between 2013 and the present: MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening of the results and, upon consensus, independently screen full texts to confirm final sources for inclusion. Any disagreements will be resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Data will be extracted from included sources and we will then map occupational therapy scope of practice (inclusive of assessments and interventions) against the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning One-Level Classification. Results will be presented in tabular or narrative format. Open Science Framework osf.io/qxgzj.

Shared Decision-Making in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Management

The effect of shared decision-making (SDM) and the extent of its use in interventions to improve cardiovascular risk remain unclear. To assess the extent to which SDM is used in interventions aimed to enhance the management of cardiovascular risk factors and to explore the association of SDM with decisional outcomes, cardiovascular risk factors, and health behaviors. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, a literature search was conducted in the Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for articles published from inception to June 24, 2022, without language restrictions. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing SDM-based interventions with standard of care for cardiovascular risk factor management were included. The systematic search resulted in 9365 references. Duplicates were removed, and 2 independent reviewers screened the trials (title, abstract, and full text) and extracted data. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Decisional outcomes, cardiovascular risk factor outcomes, and health behavioral outcomes. This review included 57 RCTs with 88 578 patients and 1341 clinicians. A total of 59 articles were included, as 2 RCTs were reported twice. Nearly half of the studies (29 [49.2%]) tested interventions that targeted both patients and clinicians, and an equal number (29 [49.2%]) exclusively focused on patients. More than half (32 [54.2%]) focused on diabetes management, and one-quarter focused on multiple cardiovascular risk factors (14 [23.7%]). Most studies (35 [59.3%]) assessed cardiovascular risk factors and health behaviors as well as decisional outcomes. The quality of studies reviewed was low to fair. The SDM intervention was associated with a decrease of 4.21 points (95% CI, -8.21 to -0.21) in Decisional Conflict Scale scores (9 trials; I2 = 85.6%) and a decrease of 0.20% (95% CI, -0.39% to -0.01%) in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (18 trials; I2 = 84.2%). In this systematic review and meta-analysis of the current state of research on SDM interventions for cardiovascular risk management, there was a slight reduction in decisional conflict and an improvement in HbA1c levels with substantial heterogeneity. High-quality studies are needed to inform the use of SDM to improve cardiovascular risk management.

A scoping review of triage approaches for the referral of patients with suspected inflammatory arthritis, from primary to rheumatology care.

We aimed to (1) identify existing triage approaches for referral of patients with suspected inflammatory arthritis (IA) from primary care physicians (PCP) to rheumatologists, (2) describe their characteristics and methodologies for clinical use, and (3) report their level of validation for use in a publicly funded healthcare system. The comprehensive search strategy of multiple databases up to October 2023 identified relevant literature and focussed on approaches applied at the PCP-Rheumatologist referral stage. Primary, quantitative studies, reported in English were included. Triage approaches were grouped into patient conditions as defined by the authors of the reports, including IA, its subtypes and combinations. 13952 records were identified, 425 full text reviewed and 55 reports of 53 unique studies were included. Heterogeneity in disease nomenclature and study sample pretest probability was found. The number of published studies rapidly increased after 2012. Studies were mostly from Europe and North America, in IA and Axial Spondyloarthritis (AxSpa). We found tools ranging the continuum of development with those best performing, indicated by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) >0.8), requiring only patient-reported questions. There were AUCs for some tools reported from multiple studies, these were in the outstanding to excellent range for the Early IA Questionnaire (EIAQ) (0.88 to 0.92), acceptable for the Case Finding AxSpa (CaFaSpa) (0.70 to 0.75), and poor to outstanding for the Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (PEST) (0.61 to 0.91). Given the clinical urgency to improve rheumatology referrals and considering the good.

Balint Orban Memorial Program Abstracts.

Journal of PeriodontologyAccepted Articles MEETING ABSTRACTS Balint Orban Memorial Program Abstracts First published: 23 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.23-0287 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.23-0287 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Accepted ArticlesAccepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future. RelatedInformation

Effect of maternal diet on the frequency of micronuclei in pregnant women and newborns: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

The effects of diet on maternal and child genetic levels have been previously reported. Diet-associated DNA damage, such as the presence of micronuclei (MN), may be related to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cancer. Such damage is particularly concerning during pregnancy as it can affect the newborn. This review will aim to summarize the primary evidence of the impact of diet during pregnancy on micronucleus frequency in the maternal-newborn population. This protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting Items guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocol. The review was registered with the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews on February 17, 2022 (registration number: CRD42022302401). We will use PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Science direct, and Google databases to search for observational studies. This review will include studies that investigate the diet consumed by pregnant women and its effect on the frequency of MN in mothers and newborns without any time or language limitations. For data extraction, researchers will independently review the full text and collect information that characterizes the study and its findings. We will analyze the results by calculating the odds ratio for each type of diet evaluated, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval. We will perform a quantitative synthesis of homogeneous studies to perform a meta-analysis. Micronucleus frequency quantifies the effect and will be presented as the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range. This review will aim to identify which dietary patterns during pregnancy may be associated with an increase in the frequency of MN in mothers and their newborns. Understanding the impact of diet on the frequency of MN is essential to deepen studies and to propose strategies that aim to protect the health of the public through food.

Visages de la contemplation

Visages del la contemplation (1980) is the title of a photography book with images by Michele Pellegrino, a preface by Roger Etchegaray, Archbishop of Marseille at the time of publication, and Cardinal Presbyter of St. Leo I, former president of the Council of Conferences of Bishops of Europe and of the Episcopal Conference of France, with the full text and historical notes by Jean Pier Ravotti. The work, now quite rare and preserved in the Vatican Apostolic Library, unparalleled in its reflection, remains a powerful fresco of monasteries and contemplative life, the identities and differences of charisms, and the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience of the different orders and monasteries: the Benedictines, the Camaldolese, the Cistercians, the Canons Regular, the Trappists, the Carthusians, the Poor Clares, the Dominican and Carmelite nuns, the Passionists and the Little Sisters of Bethlehem, and the Little Brothers. A sister dimension to that of the cloistered emerges in the book, a dimension that could be considered the most neglected by historians, especially in the oblivion of sapiential traditions: cloistered monasteries as citadels of culture and art, custodians of priceless heritages, and at the same time extraordinary centres of production that admirably shape territories and landscapes. This world of partially lost sapiential traditions, of care, intelligence, love of nature, harmony, sustainability, invites us to think about the issue of sustainability in the mountains.

Use of electrical stimulation for accelerated orthodontics in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The main objective of this systematic review is to comprehensively evaluate all the relevant studies to evaluate the effectiveness of electrical stimulation to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in human patients. Using a suitable search strategy, various databases like PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus and Google Scholar were surveyed for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs); after which a hand search of related orthodontic journals was completed. The risk of bias of studies was checked using Cochrane's ROB-2 tool. The quality of evidence of the included studies was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Rate of orthodontic tooth movement was compared and thus efficiency of electrical stimulation to accelerate tooth movement was assessed. Meta-analysis was done on 2 studies out of the 4; rate of orthodontic tooth movement was compared at two time periods after start of treatment (3rd month and 5th month) with standardized mean difference (SMD) as summary estimate, with p < 0.05 denoting statistical significance. Publication bias was checked using a funnel plot. Via exploration of the online databases and hand searching,1080 studies were found after removing duplicates. After full text assessment, 13 studies in total were selected that used electrical stimulation, out of which 4 studies were included in the qualitative analysis as they met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was done for 3rd month and 5th month with SMD as 0.69(-1.26-0.12) and 1.64(-3.44-0.16), respectively. The strength of evidence in the meta-analysis is moderate. There was no publication bias as shown by funnel plot. The studies included showed increased risk of selection and performance bias. Also due to the limited number of studies available, there was difficulty in reaching definitive conclusions. The meta-analysis showed a significant difference among the control and experimental group for the 3rd month. Even though a positive correlation is found between electrical stimulation and acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement, it is advised to conduct further studies, particularly with human participants, to establish a more conclusive outcome. This review has received no funding. The protocol for the study was registered in the Prospective Registration of Systematic Review (PROSPERO)(CRD42023495077).

The role of multiple high-risk human papillomavirus infection on the persistence recurrence of high-grade cervical lesions after standard treatment: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.

The role of multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections on the occurrence of persistence/recurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) after conization/surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was evaluated. A systematic search of Pubmed/Medine, Scopus, Cochrane databases from inception to June 30, 2023 was performed. Three reviewers independently screened the abstracts of the selected studies and extracted data from full-text articles. The data were subsequently tabulated and compared for consistency. The bias associated with each included study was evaluated according to the OSQE method. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023433022. Out of 1606 records screened, 22 full text articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 8321 subjects treated (loop electrosurgical excision, laser or surgery) because of HSIL were followed-up and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of overall persistence and/or recurrence was 17.6 (95% CI: 12.3-23.5) in multiple and 14.3 (95% CI: 10.1-19.2) in single HR-HPV infections detected shortly before or at surgery. The pooled rate of multiple HR-HPV infections was 25% (95% CI: 20.4-30). The odds ratio of histologically confirmed HSIL persistence and/or recurrence was significantly higher (OR: 1.38, 95% CI:1.08-1.75, p = 0.01, heterogeneity = 39%) among multiple than single HR-HPV infections. Increased risk of HSIL persistence/recurrence was more marked among studies with multiple HR-HPVs prevalence ≥25% (12 studies, N = 3476) (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.18-1.84, heterogeneity = 0%) and in those evaluating true histologically confirmed recurrence after at least 6 months of negative follow-up (9 studies, N = 5073) (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.17-2.37, heterogeneity = 37%). Multiple HR-HPVs infection detected during follow-up visits had no effect on the risk of recurrence although the number of included studies was small (4 studies, N = 1248) (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.68-1.39, heterogeneity = 0%). The risk of bias was rated as high in 10 and low-moderate in 12 studies, respectively. In subgroup analysis, the risk of bias of the included studies (low/moderate vs. high), had a small, although not significant effect on the odds ratios of persistence/recurrence of HSIL (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.23-2 for low-moderate risk of bias and OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.65-1.75 for high risk of bias; p-value for subgroup differences = 0.17). Multiple HR-HPVs infections at the time of standard treatment of HSIL entail a small but significant increased risk of persistence/recurrence of HSIL and should be taken into account in the follow-up plan.

Frequency of ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) - A systematic review.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) may cause ischaemic stroke and intracranial haemorrhage. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of the afore-mentioned outcomes. We performed a PROSPERO-registered (CRD42022355704) systematic review and meta-analysis accessing PubMed until 7 November 2022. The inclusion criteria were: (1) original publication, (2) adult patients (≥18 years), (3) enrolling patients with PRES and/or RCVS, (4) English language and (5) outcome information. Outcomes were frequency of (1) ischaemic stroke and (2) intracranial haemorrhage, divided into subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH). The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used. We identified 848 studies and included 48 relevant studies after reviewing titles, abstracts and full text. We found 11 studies on RCVS (unselected patients), reporting on 2746 patients. Among the patients analysed, 15.9% (95% CI 9.6%-23.4%) had ischaemic stroke and 22.1% (95% CI 10%-39.6%) had intracranial haemorrhage. A further 20.3% (95% CI 11.2%-31.2%) had SAH and 6.7% (95% CI 3.6%-10.7%) had IPH. Furthermore, we found 28 studies on PRES (unselected patients), reporting on 1385 patients. Among the patients analysed, 11.2% (95% CI 7.9%-15%) had ischaemic stroke and 16.1% (95% CI 12.3%-20.3%) had intracranial haemorrhage. Further, 7% (95% CI 4.7%-9.9%) had SAH and 9.7% (95% CI 5.4%-15%) had IPH. Intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke are common outcomes in PRES and RCVS. The frequency reported in the individual studies varied considerably.

EFL Instructors’ Perspective on Using AI Applications in English as a Foreign Language Teaching and Learning

This study aimed to explore the perspectives of EFL instructors working in a variety of universities in the UAE on the effectiveness of AI applications in the EFL classroom. EFL teachers need to use AI applications in ways that are aligned with instructional goals and support student learning. A quantitative approach was used, and data was gathered from a survey of 46 EFL instructors. The results showed that the instructors strongly relied on AI applications to facilitate tasks, offer data-driven insights to improve instructional strategies and customize the learning process for each student. They also positively valued the benefits that AI applications bring to their classrooms for improving the teaching process. Notably, the results showed that the years of teaching experience had a statistically significant impact on the means of EFL instructors' perspectives regarding the benefits of adopting AI apps in EFL classrooms. The results also showed that, despite teaching experience, there were no significant differences in perceptions regarding the challenges of utilizing AI apps. This is probably because EFL students are accustomed to using technology in their lectures. Due to their benefits in English language instruction, the study suggests incorporating AI applications into the EFL teaching process. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-SIED1-05 Full Text: PDF

Literature Review: Senam Kegel Terhadap Inkontinensia Urine Pada Lanjut Usia

Physiological changes include the nervous system, hearing, vision, cardiovascular, body temperature regulation, breathing, endocrine system, skin system, urinary tract system, musculoskeletal, and mental changes in the elderly, especially personality changes, and changes in memory. and intelligence, Lifestyle changes are psychosocial changes. Method using a literature study with a narrative method from research results published in 2018-2023. The search used the Kegel exercise keyword strategy at BAK frequency on Google Scholar and PubMed with the criteria used, namely articles that discuss incontinence and Kegel exercises which can be used as an alternative therapy for constipation, availability of full text, sample, year of publication in the last 5 years. From 10 articles it was described that Kegel exercises were proven to be effective as an alternative therapy for patients with constipation.

Unveiling silenced narratives: a scoping review on sexual function challenges in migrant and refugee women.

Of the approximately 281 million international migrants and 35.3 million refugees around the world, almost half are women. These individuals experience significant stress due to language barriers, financial difficulties, poor living and working conditions, and discrimination. Consequently, concerns related to sexuality may receive lower priority despite their significant impact on overall well-being. This scoping review aims to review the sexual function of migrant and refugee women and identify any knowledge gaps in the field. We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). We searched online databases-Medline, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane-and gray literature, with no restrictions on year of publication, language, or study design. Utilizing Covidence software, 2 authors screened and extracted data from studies based on predetermined eligibility criteria. A thematic analysis was executed, and findings were reported descriptively. Initially, we identified 5615 studies; after screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, we ultimately included 12 studies. The review identified a limited body of research with various unvalidated tools. Moreover, these studies yielded heterogeneous results: migrant women reported less sexual knowledge, experience, and liberal attitudes, resulting in lower rates of desire and arousal as compared with nonmigrants. Some studies showed lower sexual function in migrants, while others found no significant differences between migrants and nonmigrants. The assimilation into Western cultures may influence migrants' sexual attitudes and behaviors. Factors such as education and gender role ideology can also significantly affect sexual function among migrant populations. This review underscores the limitations in previous sexual function research, emphasizing the need for a more inclusive approach. It also offers valuable insights for codesigning programs to address sexual dysfunction among migrant and refugee women, improving their well-being. Future research should prioritize neglected populations and create culturally sensitive interventions to reduce sexual health disparities in migrants.

Study protocol for a systematic review of the social determinants of mental health and well-being of older migrants aged 50 years and above

Background Migration is a milestone event in a person’s life, bringing with it the challenges of settling down in an unfamiliar environment. The age at which migration takes place and the way migrants negotiate their old and new world significantly impacts their mental health. Thus, this systematic review seeks to analyse and summarize existing research detailing the contexts in which people migrate later in life and the associations between these contexts and social determinants of their mental health and well-being. Methods Seven databases including PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, Applied Social Sciences Index, Abstracts: ASSIA, Ageline, CINAHL, and Informit will be searched systematically for original journal articles published in English. In the first screening stage, the first reviewer (PB) will screen all titles and abstracts and mark all potentially eligible texts for full-text screening. The second reviewer (HM) will review the decisions made. Any potential conflicts will be resolved with discussion. Afterward, full texts of potentially eligible studies will be assessed for eligibility by two reviewers (PB and HM). The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. The thematic synthesis of the data will be performed using a hybrid approach incorporating deductive (framed against a customised social determinants of health framework) and inductive data-driven processes. The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (Reg: CRD42022359881).

COVID-19 and the Americans with Disabilities Act: Implications for employment and higher education.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal law that protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination in all areas of public life. The ADA contributes to equal opportunity across policy areas, including the interconnected domains of higher education and employment. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, emerging research has begun to document the disparities in impact on people with disabilities, among other marginalized groups. However, no research to date has reviewed and synthesized literature that addresses disability discrimination related to COVID-19 that has implications for application of the ADA. This rapid evidence review aims to increase understanding about how COVID-19 has resulted in challenges for people with disabilities in the domains of employment and higher education that may be resolved through application of the ADA. Keyword searches were conducted in five electronic databases. Title, abstract, and full text screening was conducted followed by a thematic analysis of key ADA themes. Twelve final articles were included in this review, eight categorized within higher education and four within employment. In relation to the ADA and COVID-19, five studies revealed findings related to web accessibility, eight related to effective communication, and four related to reasonable accommodations. The findings provide a broad overview of the current research on how COVID-19 has affected accessibility, communications and accommodations in employment and higher education and identify gaps in the literature within these policy domains.