Full Section Research Articles

Study on Mechanical Properties and Fatigue of Cold-rolled Steel Plate for Distribution Transformer

The oil tank steel plate of the distribution transformer is covered with welds, and the fatigue failure of the oil tank often occurs in the internal defects of fillet welds. Given the above problems, this paper puts forward the bearing capacity calculation formula of cold-rolled steel plate and carries on the force analysis of steel plate and the fatigue analysis of weld through finite elements. Based on the theory of plastic limit design, the ultimate flexural bearing capacity of the control section of steel plate members is proposed. The calculation formula of equivalent structural stress is given based on the calculation method of structural stress and linear elastic fracture mechanics, and the calculation method of fatigue life and fatigue cumulative damage is given. Then, the elastic-plastic equation is solved according to three criteria: Mises yield criterion, plastic flow criterion, and strengthening criterion. Based on the above numerical simulation analysis, the mechanical model of steel plate weld is constructed, the mesh is divided, the boundary conditions are restricted and the same load is applied. ABAQUS analysis results show that the stress distribution curve of the connector has a maximum value at X = 80 mm and X = 210 mm, that is, the top surface of the connector steel plate has an obvious stress concentration at 80 mm and 210 mm. When the length of the weld is not more than 60 times the size of the welding foot, the full section of the core plate will yield, and the maximum stress value of the weld element will not exceed the tensile strength value of the welding material. The error of the results calculated by the formula in this paper is mostly within 10%, and the rest is basically within 20%. Therefore, the bearing capacity formula of the steel plate in this paper has ideal calculation accuracy and can provide effective guidance for the design of distribution transformer oil tanks.

Expansion Properties of the Young Supernova Type Iax Remnant Pa 30 Revealed

The recently discovered Pa 30 nebula, the putative type Iax supernova remnant associated with the historical supernova of 1181 AD, shows puzzling characteristics that make it unique among known supernova remnants. In particular, Pa 30 exhibits a complex morphology, with a unique radial and filamentary structure, and it hosts a hot stellar remnant at its center, which displays oxygen-dominated, ultrafast winds. Because of the surviving stellar remnant and the lack of hydrogen and helium in its filaments, it has been suggested that Pa 30 is the product of a failed thermonuclear explosion in a near- or super-Chandrasekhar white dwarf, which created a subluminous transient, a rare subtype of the Ia class of supernovae called type Iax. We present here a detailed study of the 3D structure and velocities of a full radial section of the remnant. The Integral Field Unit observations, obtained with the new red channel of the Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectrograph, reveal that the ejecta are consistent with being ballistic, with velocities close to the free-expansion velocity. Additionally, we detect a large cavity inside the supernova remnant and a sharp inner edge to the filamentary structure, which coincides with the outer edge of a bright ring detected in infrared images. Finally, we detect a strong asymmetry in the amount of ejecta along the line of sight, which might hint at an asymmetric explosion. Our analysis provides strong confirmation that the explosion originated from SN 1181.

Influence of reinforcement reductions on the response of reinforced concrete half-joints

Reinforced concrete half-joints are susceptible to deterioration mechanisms primarily due to the leakage of surface water, often contaminated with chlorides from de-icing salts, through the expansion joint. Due to the joint geometric form, favourable conditions can be created inside the joint for the corrosion of steel reinforcement. To this end, seven reinforced concrete half-joints were tested to failure under three-point bending to investigate the effect of reinforcement reductions that simulate common deterioration scenarios arising from the corrosion of reinforcement. The results were then compared to the predictions of nonlinear finite element analyses and the strut-and-tie method. The results demonstrated that a reduction in the amount of reinforcement close to the re-entrant corner has major influence on the load-deflection response of reinforced concrete half-joints. The largest reductions in load-carrying capacity were obtained from the half-joints with a full removal of diagonal bars and a combined removal of diagonal and U-bars, both showing reductions in load capacity of more than 50 %. The failure mode in each case of simulated deterioration scenarios involved a shear failure at the nib, except one case which displayed a shear failure in the full depth section due to the reduced anchorage of the bottom reinforcement. Furthermore, it was shown that nonlinear finite element analyses provide accurate predictions of the load-deflection response and failure crack patterns. The strut-and-tie method was found to result in overly conservative predictions, with an average observed-to-predicted load ratio of 1.48 and a coefficient of variation (COV) of 10.2 %. This is considerably higher than an average load ratio of 1.05 and a COV of only 3.1 % obtained from the nonlinear finite element analyses.

Characteristic analysis of tunnel collapse arch in weak rock mass

The stress of surrounding rock and supporting structure is very complicated during the construction of a loose rock tunnel. The characteristics analysis of collapse arch is very important for the construction safety. This paper compares and analyzes the applicability of the full section method and the three-step method under shallow buried loose surrounding rock, reveals the influence law of tunnel excavation height span ratio on the stability of a pseudo-collapse arch of surrounding rock under shallow buried loose surrounding rock, and rationally chooses the three-step method as the dominant construction method of tunnel construction under this geological condition. For the three-step construction method, the optimization study of the excavation height of the upper step is carried out, the relationship between the excavation height of the tunnel and the stress concentration area under the condition of shallow buried loose surrounding rock is revealed, the influence of surrounding rock stress release on the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock is explored, and the damage of tunnel rock mass caused by the stress concentration phenomenon is analyzed. It is determined that the optimal excavation height of the upper step is 0.4H under the geological conditions of the DS project in Sichuan province, China, under construction. This paper analyzes the influence of structural plane spacing on the stability of a tunnel collapse arch under shallow buried loose conditions and reveals the law that the smaller the structural plane spacing, the worse the self-bearing capacity of the collapse arch, and the higher the risk of engineering accidents such as rock collapse or even collapse in the tunnel, which effectively guides the safe construction of the tunnel under shallow buried loose geological conditions.

Transitioning an In-Person Survey of Older Adults to Multi-Mode Data Collection.

The first three rounds of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were in-person. Preparing for Round Four (R4), NSHAP began developing ways to collect complex questionnaire and biomeasure data remotely. R4 was scheduled to begin in 2020, but due to the coronavirus pandemic, NSHAP delayed R4 data collection and instead conducted a study on respondents' experiences during the pandemic, as well as pretests to strengthen NSHAP's remote data collection capability. This paper describes the methodology, results, and lessons learned from these efforts which were undertaken as a bridge between NSHAP's all in-person past and multimode future. The Covid-19 Study was a multimode survey of NSHAP respondents to assess the impact of the pandemic. The multimode approach allowed evaluation of the feasibility of using different modes of data collection with older adults. NSHAP adapted its in-person questionnaire for phone and web administration and conducted pretests of the full phone questionnaire and sections of the web questionnaire. The project developed and tested a "BioBox," a kit containing all the supplies and instructions for respondents to self-collect biomeasures remotely. The BioBox was tested through an in-lab and in-home pilot, followed by two larger-scale pretests. The Covid-19 Study and pretests achieved NSHAP respondent participation in remote questionnaire and biomeasure collection, despite being accustomed to fully in-person data collection. Our findings and experiences will inform the collection of NSHAP data in future rounds and could inform other panel studies of older adults considering multimode data collection.

The development of maxillofacial surgery in East Germany: From a municipal hospital to specialised department at the medical academy Dresden.

The transition of the Stomatology Clinic into the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Medical Academy Carl Gustav Carus in Dresden shows how healthcare evolved in East Germany after the Second World War. Founded in 1954 to tackle medical staff shortages, the department grew and specialised over time, becoming a key hub for surgical dentistry in Saxony. Through structural changes, it became a semi-autonomous unit, emphasising patient care and research. By 1983, it evolved into a full Section of Stomatology, streamlining care and training, enhancing expertise and promoting collaboration. Overall, this transformation reflects a significant shift in dental healthcare and academic leadership, shaping surgical dentistry in the region.

GLUT1 and ASCT2 expression and their prognostic value in colorectal carcinoma.

Investigation of new molecular markers expressed in colorectal carcinoma can help to select patients getting benefits from new target therapeutic modalities. Investigation of expression of GLUT1 and ASCT2 in colorectal carcinoma. Sixty three colorectal resection specimens for cases diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma were included in the study. Full sections were examined for histopathological data including tumor type, grade, stage, and lymphovascular invasion were recorded. TMA blocks were constructed and immunostained with polyclonal antibodies for both GLUT1 and ASCT2. GLUT1 was expressed in 82% of cases while ASCT2 was expressed in 76% of cases. Statistically significant correlation was found between both GLUT1 and ASCT2. A statistically significant correlation was found between either marker with both disease stage and lymph node metastases. No significant correlation was found between either GLUT1 or ASCT2 and any of the clinical parameters as well as with disease-free survival. GLUT1 and ASCT2 are more prevalent in poorly differentiated and advanced stage colorectal carcinoma. Their expression in high percentage of cases can suggest the possible role of their target therapies in colorectal carcinoma.

Type I or Type II Endometrial Carcinoma? Role of BRCA1 Immunohistochemistry.

Investigation of diagnostic and prognostic relevance of BRCA1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in endometrial carcinoma. Ninty four specimens of endometrial carcinomas were evaluated. Full sections stained with hematoxylin & eosin were revaluated for assessment of tumor type, grade, myometrial, & lympho-vascular invasion (LVI). Tissue microarray blocks were constructed using the pencil tip method and immunostained with Anti-BRCA1 antibody. BRCA1 was correlated with clinicopathological parameters as well as disease free survival and overall survival. There was a statistically significant difference (P=0.001) between serous and endometroid carcinomas regarding BRCA1 expression where most cases of serous carcinoma showed negative expression. No statistically significant difference was found between BRCA1 positive and negative cases regarding disease free survival (DFS) or overall survival. Serous histotype, high grade, advanced stage, and omental deposits were the parameters significantly associated with decreased DFS. Results of this study can support inclusion of BRCA1 IHC in a panel to differentiate both endometroid and serous carcinomas. The current study found no prognostic relevance for BRCA1 in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival.

Experimental investigation of long-span cold-rolled aluminium built-up section portal frames: Braced columns and ultimate strength enhancement

This paper presents an experimental program on a series of long-span cold-rolled aluminium portal frames with various configurations subjected to different load combinations. The main structural members of the portal frame systems, including columns and rafters, were constructed using cold-rolled aluminium back-to-back built-up channel sections made from aluminium alloy 5052-H36 materials. The objectives of this paper are to understand the structural behaviour of different portal frame configurations and to explore possibilities for improving the performance of the structural systems, including strength and ductility enhancements. A total of four full-scale two-bay portal frame systems, each featuring two end frames and a central frame, were tested. The columns were braced against flexural-torsional buckling by girts spanning between the columns of the central frame and the columns of the two end frames. As a result, the portal frames failed due to in-plane sway deformations with the columns reaching their full section capacities. The tests revealed that the addition of rafter tie and sleeve stiffeners significantly improved the performance of the cold-rolled aluminium portal frame systems. Described in a separate publication, the authors also conducted a study to experimentally investigate the behaviour of the same system but with unrestrained columns, resulting in failure due to flexural-torsional buckling. Collectively, these two works form the foundation for further studies on cold-rolled aluminium portal frames in particular, and aluminium structures more generally.

AI-Generated Content in Cancer Symptom Management: A Comparative Analysis Between ChatGPT and NCCN

BackgroundArtificial intelligence-driven tools, like ChatGPT, are prevalent sources for online health information. Limited research has explored the congruity between AI-generated content and professional treatment guidelines. This study seeks to compare recommendations for cancer-related symptoms generated from ChatGPT with guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). InterventionWe extracted treatment recommendations for nine symptoms from NCCN, separated into four full Supportive Care sections and five subsections of the Palliative Care webpage. We entered "How can I reduce my cancer-related [symptom]" into ChatGPT- 3.5 for these same symptoms and extracted its recommendations. A comparative content analysis focused on recommendations for medications, consultations, and non-pharmacological strategies. We compared word count and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) readability for each NCCN and ChatGPT section. OutcomesThe mean percent agreement between NCCN and ChatGPT recommendations was 37.3% (range 16.7%–81.8%). NCCN offered more specific medication recommendations. ChatGPT did recommend medications in the constipation and diarrhea sections that were not recommended by NCCN. Significant differences in word count (P=0.03) and FKGL (P<0.01) were found for NCCN Supportive Care webpages, with ChatGPT having lower word count and reading level. In the NCCN Palliative Care webpage subsections, there was no significant difference in word count (P=0.076), but FKGL was significantly lower with ChatGPT (P<0.01). Conclusions/Lessons LearnedWhile ChatGPT provides concise, accessible supportive care advice, discrepancies with guidelines raise concerns for patient-facing symptom management recommendations. Future research should consider how AI can be used in conjunction with evidence-based guidelines to support cancer patients’ supportive care needs.

Investigations into mechanical properties of 50 and 70 mm thick high strength S690 butt-welded sections

A comprehensive investigation into the mechanical properties of 50 and 70 mm thick high strength S690 steel plates and their butt-welded sections under tension was presented in this paper, and a total of 40 tensile tests were conducted. Firstly, a total of 18 proportional coupons with circular cross-sections were extracted at three different layers within the plate thicknesses. Tensile tests on all of these coupons were carried out to obtain their mechanical properties, and their variations across the plate thicknesses were also examined. Secondly, submerged arc welding was adopted to prepare butt-welded sections between these thick steel plates with various heat input energy. Micrographic examinations on typical heat-affected zones of the welded sections were also performed. Standard tensile tests on a total of 22 proportional coupons with rectangular cross-sections were carried out to obtain their mechanical properties, and the full range deformation characteristics of these coupons were assessed and compared, in particular, their tensile strengths and elongations at fracture. This paper presents important experimental evidence on the mechanical properties of these high strength steel plates of practical thicknesses in construction, and also of their butt-welded sections. It is demonstrated that there is little or even no reduction in their mechanical properties of these butt-welded sections, provided that the welding processes are properly controlled according to established welding practice. Hence, full strength butt-welded sections between these thick high strength S690 steel are readily achieved in practice, similar to those of the commonly adopted S355 steel. These important findings are contrary to general understanding as many researchers and engineers consider that the mechanical properties of these high strength S690 steel are reduced significantly after welding, irrespective of their plate thicknesses.

Laminated Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Hingeless Arch: Research on Damage Evolution Laws

In the context of reinforced concrete (RC) arch bridges, while the incorporation of full sections of steel fibers can enhance the bridge’s toughness, cracking resilience, and bearing capacity, achieving an optimal balance between structural performance and economic viability in this manner remains challenging. This article introduces a novel computational approach—the distributed steel fiber concrete (LSFRC) arch—which considers the spatial distribution of damage in RC arches. The static performance of SFRC elements and LSFRC beams was compared and analyzed using the concrete plastic damage model (CDP) in ABAQUS software. This study validated the rationality of the model and investigated the impact of varying steel fiber volume ratios and steel fiber layer heights on the damage evolution of LSFRC arches. The results of this study demonstrate that the cracking load and bearing capacity of an RC arch can be effectively enhanced through the addition of steel fibers to a local area under static loading. Furthermore, the deflection and damage to the arch waist and arch roof can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the incorporation of steel fibers at an increased volume rate and at a greater height within the doped section can effectively slow the rate of damage evolution within the section. This results in the inhibition of crack extensions and in an improvement in the ductility and reliability of the damage stage. The LSFRC arches offer superior economic and practical advantages over their full cross-section doped steel fiber (FRC) counterparts. This study offers novel insights and methodological guidance for the design and implementation of concrete arch bridges.

Effect of Maternal Oxygenation with Spinal Anesthesia on Neonatal Outcome in Full Term Elective Cesarean Section

Effect of Maternal Oxygenation with Spinal Anesthesia on Neonatal Outcome in Full Term Elective Cesarean Section

Immunophenotypic analysis of angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts, comparison to mixed epithelial and stromal tumors and epithelial and stromal elements of normal kidney and ovaries.

Angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts (AMLEC) is a rare variant of renal angiomyolipoma (AML). It is characterized by a conventional AML component admixed with epithelial cysts within an "ovarian-like" stroma. Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) is another renal neoplasm featuring epithelial cysts and "ovarian-like" stroma. While there is consensus that in MEST the epithelial and stromal components are neoplastic, in AMLEC it has been hypothesized that the epithelial component may represent renal tubular entrapment or ovarian-like transdifferentiation of tumor cells. The aim of this study was to compare the immunophenotypes of the epithelial-stromal components of AMLEC and MEST, with normal kidney and ovary to provide additional insights into the pathogenesis and relationships of these entities. In this study, we analyzed eight cases of AMLEC and 14 cases of MEST from 2003 to 2023. We used tissue microarrays, full sections, or unstained slides with an immunohistochemical panel including renal and ovarian markers: SF1, ER, PR, AR, PAX8, WT1, GATA3, CA-IX, p16, inhibin A, and BCL2. We compared these cases with ten non-neoplastic ovary and kidney samples. Our findings indicate that the epithelial component of AMLEC and MEST resembleshormone receptor positive renal tubular epithelium (AR + /ER - /PR -). AMLEC's stromal component resembled hormone receptor positive renal stroma, while MEST's resembled ovarian stroma, supporting mullerian transdifferentiation. Our study showed that the epithelial and stromal components of AMLEC and MEST are immunophenotypically different and also differ from normal tissues. Our findings suggest that in AMLEC, the epithelial-stromal component represents a hormonally driven proliferation of non-neoplastic renal elements within a dysregulated tumor microenvironment.

Abstract PO5-18-03: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 1 cm versus 2 cm resection margins in Phyllodes Tumours of the Breast - An Exploratory Study

Abstract Introduction Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial tumors constituting 0.3-1% of breast tumors. It presents as a rapidly growing breast lump, with a bosselated surface and overlying shiny stretched skin with dilated prominent veins. Diagnosis is made by mammography and ultrasonography and tissue diagnosis is made by core needle biopsy. The tumor is known for its propensity to grow rapidly within the mesenchymal elements of breast tissue, and to locally recur. Surgery with adequate margins of excision has been known to prevent local recurrence. Phyllodes tumors have inspired much debate among surgeons, regarding the extent of margins during resection. These margins have been defined clearly for carcinoma of the breast (no ink on tumor) but the same consensus has not been reached for Phyllodes tumor. We carried out the world’s first randomized trial to settle the debate to compare the effects of a 1cm margin with that of a 2 cm margin, aiming to arrive at a consensus on the appropriate surgical margin to prevent re-excision and recurrences. We also aimed to compare cosmetic outcomes both subjectively and objectively between the 2 arms. Materials and Methods We carried out a prospective exploratory randomized control trial on patients with suspected phyllodes tumors of the breast from July 2020 to January 2022. After establishing diagnosis, and obtaining informed consent, patients were randomized to either of the 2 arms, to undergo resection with a lcm vs a 2 cm margin. Intraoperatively, the margin of the tumor was delineated by ultrasound for maximum accuracy. The incision made was deepened through the breast and pectoralis major muscle at a distance of exactly 1 cm or 2 cm from the tumor edge. The entire mass was excised en bloc with a 3 dimensional clearance from all sides. If the tumor was found infiltrating the underlying muscle (e.g Pectoralis major muscle, Serratus anterior), a full thickness section of the muscle was also excised with the specimen. The patients were followed up every 3 months with clinical examination and ultrasonography (followed by core needle biopsy for any suspicious mass), for a period of 12-18 months, to evaluate for recurrence.Cosmesis was evaluated by a 5-point Likert scale evaluated by the patient and the surgeon, and objectively using Breast Retraction Assessment and Nipple Deviation. Results We analysed the results of 41 patients who underwent surgery for Phyllodes tumor of the breast. All patients had negative margins after surgery. The mean margin distance (SD) in the 1 cm arm was 0.69 (0.20) cm and 1.83 (0.67) cm in the 2 cm arm. which was statistically significant between the groups. On the follow up ultrasound examination at 12 months, 1 patient (5.3%) was found to have a locoregional recurrence, but this was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in cosmesis between the arms. Conclusions We achieved our primary objective of histologically negative margins in all patients within both the groups. However, due to the limited number of patients recruited in the study, and due to the short duration of follow-up, we are not able to report significance in terms of recurrences between the 2 groups, to advocate for one over the other. The practice in our unit has been the 2 cm margin, as it offers good oncological outcomes and is definitely safe. Given that cosmetic outcomes were comparable in both arms, one can be assured that a 2 cm margin does not offer worse cosmesis compared to a 1 cm margin. However, our study at this point in time, establishes non inferiority of a 1 cm margin. There have been no randomized control trials conducted in world literature to influence guidelines and clinical practice regarding the ideal margin resection for phyllodes tumor. Our study would be the first of its kind, and is a novel concept not yet conducted for phyllodes tumor. We will continue this trial for years to come, and hope to generate level I data, with increased patient enrolment and a longer duration of follow up. Citation Format: Vandhana Rajgopal, Anita Dhar, Kamal Kataria, Piyush Ranjan, Anurag Srivastava. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of 1 cm versus 2 cm resection margins in Phyllodes Tumours of the Breast - An Exploratory Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-18-03.

Study on the escaping condition of backfill grouting based on two-phases flow for shield tunnelling during whole section rock

During the process of full section surrounding rock shield tunneling, the occurrence of synchronous grout escaping can seriously affect the assembly quality of the detached shield tail segment ring. The segment is prone to quality accidents such as floating, misalignment of the tunnel pipes, and even cracking, and even a large number of rock fractures in the shield tail gap mix with water flow towards the excavation face and pressure chamber, leading to frequent fissure water gushing out of the screw conveyor. Taking the shield tunnelling section of Nanjing Metro Line 6 as the engineering background, this paper uses the finite element software Ansys Fluent to establish the two-phases flow shield tail escaping grout model, and analyzes the influence laws of the grout properties, grouting pressure difference, grouting escaping thickness and other factors in the process of grout escaping behind the shield tail wall based on Bingham fluid. The results show that the amount of synchronized grout escaping increases linearly with the increase of grouting pressure difference and grouting escaping thickness, and decreases with the increase of grout shear yield stress. The paper also discusses the three-dimensional curved surface of grout escaping volume, grouting pressure difference and grouting fluid properties behind shield tunnel tail in a full section surrounding rock shield project of Nanjing Line 6, and gives the measures to prevent grout escaping when the allowable grout escaping volume is not more than 1m3: when the grouting escaping thickness is 20mm, the grouting pressure difference should be controlled within 0.20∼0.25MPa, and the shear yield stress of the grouting fluid should be controlled within 300∼350Pa.

Brittle sedimentary strata focus a multimodal depth distribution of seismicity during hydraulic fracturing in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

The number of background earthquakes (ML ≥ 0) in the southern Sichuan basin, southwest China, has increased thirtyfold as a result of hydraulic fracturing. Background events are originally deep (4–6 km) within the sedimentary section but build into a multimodal distribution both at depth and in the shallow stimulated reservoir (2–4 km) - representing a counterpoint to the usual triggering of seismicity on deep sub-reservoir basement faults. Surprisingly, the largest events (ML ≥ 3) evolve in the deep sedimentary strata (4–6 km) that are hydraulically isolated from the injection zone (2–4 km) by low permeability layers. We evaluate the friction-stability rheology of the strata within the full stratigraphic section to define the feasibility of nucleation within these shallow and deep strata. These show velocity-neutral to velocity-weakening behavior in the shallow reservoir transitioning to more strongly velocity-weakening with increase in both depth and temperature. Poroelastic stress calculations confirms that stress transfer, rather than transmitted fluid pressures, are capable of directly reactivating critically-stressed faults at depth, with fluid pressures the triggering source within the shallow reservoir.

Abstract 5150: An immunohistochemical survey of predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy in ampullary carcinoma identifies strata with unique prognostic signatures

Abstract Introduction: Carcinomas located in the ampulla of Vater are a low incidence malignancy. Therapeutic options for early stage disease largely consist of pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation. We explored the localization of CD8 and CD3 positive cells in addition to PDL-1 staining and mismatch repair deficiency markers to gain insight into the potential applicability of immunotherapy for patients with this disease. Methods: Excess material from clinically diagnosed cases collected between 1997 - 2013 were used to construct a duplicate 0.6mm core tissue microarray (TMA). All cases were derived from the Vancouver Coastal Health Region. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the following markers: CD8, CD3, PD-L1, and the mismatch repair (MMR) markers: MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2. CD3 and CD8 were quantified using localization within the tissue. PD-L1 was considered positive with &amp;gt;1% of cells stating positive. MMR markers were confirmed using full section and cases with convincing loss of any MMR marker were considered MMR deficient. Univariable disease specific survival analysis was performed to identify unique prognostic signatures and contingency analysis was performed to identify co-expression of the aforementioned biomarkers. Results: Ninety-eight cases were evaluable for all markers. The median age of the cohort was 69 [41 - 84] years. Forty-two percent were female. Adjuvant chemotherapy was provided to 15% of patients with the remainder undergoing post-surgical observation. Almost 90% were pT3 or pT4 and 48% had regional lymph node metastasis. CD3+ T-cells were either localized in the tumor stroma only (59%) or in both the stroma and epithelial compartments (41%). CD8+ T-cells were principally located in the stroma (66%) and both the epithelial and stroma (24%). Ten percent of cases had no CD8+ T-cells. PD-L1 staining was found in 10% of cases. MMR deficiency was found in 5% of cases. Improved prognostic signatures were found for cases with CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells in both the epithelial and stromal compartments (p &amp;lt;= 0.02). A trend towards a negative prognostic signature was observed for MMR deficient cases and for PD-L1 positive cases. The only significant positive association between biomarkers was found for CD3+ and CD8+ in both the epithelial and stromal compartments. Conclusions: The results of this analysis suggest that enhancement of an immune response yielding an increase CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells in the epithelial compartment may have a beneficial effect on prognosis. The relative scarcity of MMR deficiency in this disease is within the expected prevalence supported by other studies. Further exploration of the potential role of immunotherapy in immune enhanced subgroups of ampullary cancers is warranted. Citation Format: Steve E. Kalloger, Joanna Karasinska, James Topham, Daniel J. Renouf, David F. Schaeffer. An immunohistochemical survey of predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy in ampullary carcinoma identifies strata with unique prognostic signatures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5150.

The Effect of Using Repair Strategies on Seventh-Grade Students’ Writing Performance

This study examined the potential effect of using Repair strategies on Jordanian EFL seventh-grade students' writing performance. A quasi-experimental design and two groups were employed. For this study, two full sections of grade seven from Al-Rashedia Secondary School for Girls were selected randomly. Thirty students were assigned as the control group and thirty students as the experimental group. The pre-/post-writing test was designed in order to fulfill the study's objectives. Furthermore, the experimental group received instruction using Repair strategies, whereas the control group received instruction using conventional methods of instruction suggested in the Teacher's Book. Results demonstrated that Repair strategies improved students' writing performance. The researchers recommended utilizing Repair strategies on different writing genres instead of traditional instructional writing strategies.

JAK/STAT3 represents a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer patients with stromal-rich tumors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous malignancy underpinned by dysregulation of cellular signaling pathways. Previous literature has implicated aberrant JAK/STAT3 signal transduction in the development and progression of solid tumors. In this study we investigate the effectiveness of inhibiting JAK/STAT3 in diverse CRC models, establish in which contexts high pathway expression is prognostic and perform in depth analysis underlying phenotypes. In this study we investigated the use of JAK inhibitors for anti-cancer activity in CRC cell lines, mouse model organoids and patient-derived organoids. Immunohistochemical staining of the TransSCOT clinical trial cohort, and 2 independent large retrospective CRC patient cohorts was performed to assess the prognostic value of JAK/STAT3 expression. We performed mutational profiling, bulk RNASeq and NanoString GeoMx® spatial transcriptomics to unravel the underlying biology of aberrant signaling. Inhibition of signal transduction with JAK1/2 but not JAK2/3 inhibitors reduced cell viability in CRC cell lines, mouse, and patient derived organoids (PDOs). In PDOs, reduced Ki67 expression was observed post-treatment. A highly significant association between high JAK/STAT3 expression within tumor cells and reduced cancer-specific survival in patients with high stromal invasion (TSPhigh) was identified across 3 independent CRC patient cohorts, including the TrasnSCOT clinical trial cohort. Patients with high phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) within the TSPhigh group had higher influx of CD66b + cells and higher tumoral expression of PDL1. Bulk RNAseq of full section tumors showed enrichment of NFκB signaling and hypoxia in these cases. Spatial deconvolution through GeoMx® demonstrated higher expression of checkpoint and hypoxia-associated genes in the tumor (pan-cytokeratin positive) regions, and reduced lymphocyte receptor signaling in the TME (pan-cytokeratin- and αSMA-) and αSMA (pan-cytokeratin- and αSMA +) areas. Non-classical fibroblast signatures were detected across αSMA + regions in cases with high pSTAT3. Therefore, in this study we have shown that inhibition of JAK/STAT3 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with stromal-rich CRC tumors. High expression of JAK/STAT3 proteins within both tumor and stromal cells predicts poor outcomes in CRC, and aberrant signaling is associated with distinct spatially-dependant differential gene expression.