Full-rate Scheme Research Articles

Prediction of Aerothermal Environment and Heat Transfer for Hypersonic Vehicles with Different Aerodynamic Shapes Based on C++

This research paper discusses constructing a unified framework to develop a full-rate scheme for hypersonic heating calculations. The method uses a flow tracing technique with normal phase vector adjustment in a non-structured delineated grid combined with empirical formulations for convective heat transfer standing and non-standing heat flow engineering. This is done using dev-C++ programming in the C++ language environment. Comparisons of the aerodynamic thermal environment with wind tunnel experimental data for the Space Shuttle and Apollo return capsules and standing point heat transfer measurements for the Fire II return capsule was carried out in the hypersonic Mach number range of 6 - 35 Ma. The tests were carried out on an 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1135G7 processor with a valuable test time of 45 mins. The agreement is good, but due to the complexity of the space shuttle tail, the measurements are still subject to large errors compared to wind tunnel experiments. A comparison of the measured Fire-II return capsule standing-point heat values with the theory for calculating standing-point heat fluxes simulated using Fay & Riddell and wind tunnel experiments is provided to verify the validity of this procedure for hypersonic vehicle heat transfer prediction. The heat fluxes assessed using this method for different aerodynamic profiles of hypersonic vehicles agree very well with the theoretical solution.

Enhanced quadrature signaling-based cooperative transmission with full rate and full diversity

Quadrature signaling-based cooperative transmission is an efficient and simple scheme to obtain spatial diversity. However, this scheme causes date rate loss compared with direct transmission. In this work, our focus is on recovering from the data rate loss while simultaneously achieving spatial diversity. Particularly, an enhanced quadrature signaling-based cooperative scheme was designed, which can realize full-rate transmission by using the signal space diversity (SSD) technique. Then, accurate bit error rate (BER) expression for the full-rate scheme was derived over independent and non-identically distributed (INID) Rayleigh fading channels. Specifically, a closed-form BER expression is obtained, which is quite tight over the whole SNR range, and thus allows for rapid and efficient evaluation of system performance under various channel conditions. Moreover, an asymptotic approximation of the BER was derived to show that the full-rate scheme can achieve full diversity. Simulation results verify the tightness of the analysis and show that the full-rate scheme significantly outperforms the traditional quadrature signaling-based scheme by about 2 dB with the same complexity order.