Full Participation Research Articles

Improving family engagement during implementation of IEP-aided AAC services: an interdisciplinary US-based perspective

All IEP team members should find statements pointing to where and when the aided AAC system and accessible learning tools will be used. Classroom-based and research supported AAC learning strategies and teaching practices should be clearly listed, explained, and accessible to all team members. Aided AAC refers to a variety of communication tools that are portable and external to the body. Aided AAC ranges from paper-based picture communication cards, boards, binders, tablets, or digital smartphone applications to multifunctional/high-tech devices offering synthesized and digitized speech. Aided AAC allows students with CCN/ESNs to access speech or writing using any body part capable of performing voluntary and independent movement. Many electronic/high-tech aided AAC systems can store thousands of multilingual words, allowing seamless communication between home and school. Students with CCN/ESNs can also use hightech aided AAC with native keyboards as “alternative pencils” to practice spelling and early writing, thus allowing equitable academic access and opportunities to make progress on emergent literacy skills. High-tech/digital-aided AAC allows for the maturation of linguistic specificity and fuller participation in daily routines required for academic success. It is critical for students with CCN/ESNs to use high-tech aided AAC with ample vocabulary storage to increase opportunities for self-generation of complex and decontextualized messages for varied social interactions. Additionally, digital device platforms (e.g., iPads, other tablets, Smartphones) offer multiple.

Scaling low-income housing delivery in Kenya and the Philippines: community participation and livelihoods outcomes

The intersection of community participation and livelihoods for the urban poor who move into formalised, low-income housing is the focus of this paper. Drawing on case studies from the Philippines and Kenya, and working with Real Equity for All (Reall) and their partners, we critically examine the dynamic changes to communities moving into new housing funded through the Community-Led Infrastructure Financing Facility (CLIFF) programme of affordable homebuilding. The two contexts contrast different levels of community involvement, savings practices and scales of housing construction. We explore how at-scale construction of low-income housing may mean communities feel more disengaged, whilst noting the challenges of fuller participation. We find that moves to both in situ housing and peri-urban relocation sites have mixed and complex impacts on livelihoods, although livelihood changes are balanced by beneficiaries against quality of life. Construction itself generates work, but direct and indirect community benefits are not straightforward. Our findings fill an important gap in research evidence, addressing how communities and livelihoods change as low-income home builders seek to achieve scale, and how notions of community are generated and reconstituted through savings and homebuilding processes.

Effect of simulation-based training workshop on obstetric emergency team collaboration and communication: a mixed study.

To explore the effects of simulation-based midwife training workshops and determine whether such a program can improve team collaboration and communication. Simulation training improves communication, team cooperation, critical thinking, and situational awareness. This mixed study was conducted September 15-18, 2021. Participants included 23 obstetricians and midwives who completed 2 days of simulation training, including communication, skills, teamwork, single technical operation, and scene running. The Clinical Teamwork Scale was used before and after the comparison, and the data were analyzed using a phenomenological analytic process. The total team cooperation, transparent thinking, closed-loop communication, overall decision-making, clear responsibility, and leadership scores of the trainees were significantly higher after than before the training. The experience of attending a simulated training workshop can be divided into two themes: innovative ways of offering training and active learning. Three key themes emerged from each category: education combined with recreation; full participation in interactions; and teamwork and communication. (1) application of knowledge (2) dissemination, and (3) sublimation of knowledge. This study's findings indicated a good experience and higher team cooperation score among midwives participating in simulation-based training in China, the value of our work is to show that the researched teaching methods, although published in other contexts, are also valuable in the Chinese context, suggesting that they will pass on the methods and concepts of the simulated training to others and change the current status of classroom teaching, which is its most meaningful practical training effect. These results imply that simulation-based midwife training for obstetric emergencies is required to improve the comprehensive ability of midwives to address obstetric emergencies, thereby improving maternal clinical outcomes. Neither patients nor the public were involved in this study, and the midwives and obstetricians voluntarily participated.

The Stakeholders’ Opinions on the Learner-Centred Pedagogies Used in Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in Selected Secondary Schools in Kampala District

The study investigated the Stakeholders’opinions on learner-centred pedagogies used in Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in selected Secondary schools A and B found in Kampala District. The Learner-centred Pedagogies (LCP) under the CBC place the learner at the centre of the learning process, promoting active participation and self-directed learning. The study was guided by curriculum implementation theory by Gross et al (1971). The study adopted a qualitative research approach that analysed the learner centred pedagogies from the subjective point of view while involving the study participants’ opinions. The study followed the Interpretivist paradigm which enabled participants to create and construct their social reality in line with the study. The study also adopted a single case study research design in order to get an in-depth understanding of the opinions of stakeholders on CBC. A sample of 22 participants including Headteachers (H), Teachers (T) and Students (S) were selected purposively and used for the study. This enabled the researcher to gather qualitative responses, from the best-fit participants whose responses were relevant to the study. The study employed the use of the interviews for the two headteachers and eight teachers, focus group discussions to students while considering in each group six students from each school and observation method to collect data. Through triangulation the methods enabled the researcher to collect in-depth subjective reality which was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicated that; to some extent the learner centred pedagogies used by teachers are good and they should be used when teaching. This was because the methods encourage full participation of learners and development of skills. However, to another extent the finding of the study also revealed that, the learner centred pedagogies used by teachers are not good due to inadequate teaching skills by teachers, limited materials to use and methods are time consuming. The study recommended that, the government of Uganda through the MoES to; train teachers so as to equip them with the necessary skills of teaching, facilitate schools with enough educational facilities and materials to use and continuously monitor, supervise and evaluate CBC practices in schools.

The Pastoral Model of Educating Seniors at Universities of the Third Age at UPJPII in Krakow

Universities of the third age have become very popular in Poland and in the world. As institutions dealing with lifelong learning, they have the appropriate competencies to ensure that the various needs of seniors are met. U3A, established at UPJPII in Kraków in 2011, is one of such programs, dynamically operating in Poland. It is aimed not only at increasing the level of general knowledge but also at the religious formation of the students. The university has a religious profile and implements a pastoral and educational program, that includes lectures and workshops in the field of the Bible and anthropology, ethics, theology, philosophy and history of the Church, as well as an educational and cultural program (religious tourism, theatre arts), that is meant as a form of creative support for seniors. Plenary lectures and seminar workshops are complemented with the offer of additional educational and developmental classes. They include foreign language learning, computer courses, tourism, sports and cultural activities. Thanks to our U3A, many elderly people have improved their self-esteem and sense of dignity. They have also learned how to overcome problems related to old age and barriers preventing them from full participation in social and parish life.

Toward a physical Dodge City high voltage direct current (HVDC) electricity hub

A physical Dodge City high voltage direct current (HVDC) electricity commodity hub would foster the kind of risk transfer that would invite the full participation of the financial industry in an interstate transmission system essential to the speedy development of renewable electricity and complementary storage technologies. Obstacles lie in the way of such a vision, however. Chief among them, paradoxically, is the administrative system that has evolved since the late 1990 s to promote regional electricity markets. That system abstracts from investment risk and the nation’s uneven geography of renewable resources. It lodges a kind of monopoly planning and scheduling power in a small group of bureaucratic centralized system operators that mimics a command economy in their own distinct regions, not the kind of market economy that has traditionally driven investment in US interstate energy infrastructure. And yet, in dealing with the vexing transmission constraints faced by the renewable generating sector (the “queue”), the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) continues to pursue ever greater authority for those regional transmission organizations (RTOs). Such FERC action regarding its RTOs in 2022–23 represents a highly evident case of path dependency—a problem—that state or federal policy makers wishing to speed the entry of large-scale renewable generation, and complementary storage technologies, will have find a way either to confront directly or to work around.

Digital Literacy and Associated Factors in Older Adults Living in Urban South Korea: A Qualitative Study.

This study aimed to explore digital literacy among community-dwelling older adults in urban South Korea. A semistructured interview guide was developed using the Digital Competence ( 2.0 framework, which emphasizes the competencies for full digital participation in five categories: information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, content creation, safety, and problem-solving. The data were analyzed using combined inductive and deductive content analysis. Inductive analysis identified three main categories: perceived ability to use digital technology, responses to digital technology, and contextual factors. In the results of deductive analysis, participants reported varying abilities in using digital technologies for information and data literacy, communication or collaboration, and problem-solving. However, their abilities were limited in handling the safety or security of digital technology and lacked in creating digital content. Responses to digital technology contain subcategories of perception (positive or negative) and behavior (trying or avoidance). Regarding contextual factors, aging-related physical and cognitive changes were identified as barriers to digital literacy. The influence of families or peers was viewed as both a facilitator and a barrier. Our participants recognized the importance of using digital devices to keep up with the trend of digitalization, but their digital literacy was mostly limited to relatively simple levels.

One-Year Injury History and Safe Dance Practices Among Female Highland Dancers in Canada.

Over 8,650 Highland dancers registered to compete in Royal Scottish Official Board of Highland Dancing events worldwide in 2019. While the burden of dance-related injuries is high among dancers, there are few studies examining Highland dance. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of self-reported 1-year injury history and safe dance practices among female Highland dancers. Sixty-five female Canadian Highland dancers (median age 18; range 14-47) completed an anonymous online survey at the beginning of the 2019 championship season. Demographics (i.e., age, body mass index), exposure (e.g., months/year dancing), safe dance practices (e.g., environmental, physical, psychological), and 1-year injury history (i.e., yes/no) were self-reported. Three definitions of dance-related injury were used: 1) time-loss (missed ≥1 class, practice, performance, and/or competition); 2) medical attention (requiring professional medical care); and 3) any physical complaint that affected full participation. Most participants were training at the elite standard/premier level (86%, 95%CI 75-93) and for ≥8 months/year (83%, 95%CI 75-93). The proportion of dancers reporting at least one physical complaint in the previous 1 year was 71% (95%CI 58-81). Sixty percent (95%CI 47-71) of dancers reported ≥1 medical attention and/or time-loss injury. All participants reported warming up regularly, with 59% (95%CI 46-70) participating in regular cool-downs. The prevalence of 1-year injury history among female Highland dancers is high. Education on the benefits of safe dance practice for Highland dancers may be useful. Prospective cohort studies are needed to understand the dynamic nature of dance injuries across a full competitive season.

Engaging African American Faith Leaders as Partners in Ethical Research

This paper outlines an initiative to adapt the Community Partnered Research Ethics Training (CPRET) for the cultural context of the CHURCH (Congregation as Healers Uniting to Restore Community Health) project. The CHURCH project is a community-partnered participatory research project that seeks to promote the mental well-being of African American populations by developing, implementing, and evaluating a mental health training curriculum for faith leaders in Black churches. Participatory research, in which community stakeholders collaborate with researchers as equal partners to address problems impacting marginalized communities, has recently become more popular in academia. Training is necessary to equip community partners with the skills and knowledge required for full research participation. Community partners frequently encounter ethical issues in participatory research, but limited training resources are available to proactively prevent and address such issues. The CPRET was developed through a collaboration between the Clinical and Translational Science Institute and the Human Research Protection Office and Community Research Advisory Board at the University of Pittsburgh. It surveys research processes and core research ethics principles, and it stimulates discussion regarding best practices by engaging participants in scenario-based exercises in which they identify ethical and unethical research. By describing how we utilized the CPRET in the CHURCH project and presenting a summary of participant feedback, we aim to build resources for community-engaged scholars seeking to engage community members in ethical research.

The Barrier of the Child and Parent Expected Models for Entering the School System — A Secondary Publication

The recognition of the positive value of student diversity and their right to full participation are key aspects of inclusion as a means of managing heterogeneity of the school population from an equality perspective. As the school cannot welcome the diversity of children without including their families, the same logic needs to apply to the relationship between the school and parents, particularly in the current environment where the school-family partnership appears as a privileged institutional leverage in the fight against inequalities at school. Based on an ethnographical study exploring how the relationship between the school and the families builds up in a Swiss school located in a context of strong cultural diversity, this paper interrogates how the school norm can be the main limitation to the inclusion of students and parents who are unfamiliar with the school. Derived from field observations and interviews, our results show how the teachers tend to approach their relationship with new students and their parents from the standpoint of narrowly defined expected models, leading them to engage in a vain attempt to conform the students and parents when they deviate from these models. The possibility of entering the school system for students and parents unfamiliar with school is hindered by the exclusive and excluding normativity on which the models of the child and the parent expected by the teachers are grounded. Based on these observations, we discuss how an inclusive approach seems to us to require in the first place a necessary process of decentering from the school and teachers, as a condition for recognition of the actual child and parent.

Investigating sources of non-response bias in a population-based seroprevalence study of vaccine-preventable diseases in the Netherlands

BackgroundPIENTER 3 (P3), conducted in 2016/17, is the most recent of three nationwide serological surveys in the Netherlands. The surveys aim to monitor the effects of the National Immunisation Programme (NIP) by assessing population seroprevalence of included vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). The response rate to the main sample was 15.7% (n = 4,983), following a decreasing trend in response compared to the previous two PIENTER studies (P1, 55.0%; 1995/1996 [n = 8,356] and P2, 33.0%; 2006/2007 [n = 5,834]). Non-responders to the main P3 survey were followed-up to complete a “non-response” questionnaire, an abridged 9-question version of the main survey covering demographics, health, and vaccination status. We assess P3 representativeness and potential sources of non-response bias, and trends in decreasing participation rates across all PIENTER studies.MethodsP3 invitees were classified into survey response types: Full Participants (FP), Questionnaire Only (QO), Non-Response Questionnaire (NRQ) and Absolute Non-Responders (ANR). FP demographic and health indicator data were compared with Dutch national statistics, and then the response types were compared to each other. Random forest algorithms were used to predict response type. Finally, FPs from all three PIENTERs were compared to investigate the profile of survey participants through time.ResultsP3 FPs were in general healthier, younger and higher educated than the Dutch population. Random forest was not able to differentiate between FPs and ANRs, but when predicting FPs from NRQs we found evidence of healthy-responder bias. Participants of the three PIENTERs were found to be similar and are therefore comparable through time, but in line with national trends we found P3 participants were less inclined to vaccinate than previous cohorts.DiscussionThe PIENTER biobank is a powerful tool to monitor population-level protection against VPDs across 30 years in The Netherlands. However, future PIENTER studies should continue to focus on improving recruitment from under-represented groups, potentially by considering alternative and mixed survey modes to improve both overall and subgroup-specific response. Whilst non-responder bias is unlikely to affect seroprevalence estimates of high-coverage vaccines, the primary aim of the PIENTER biobank, other studies with varied vaccination/disease exposures should consider the influence of bias carefully.

Previous Knee Surgery, Anteromedial Portal Drilling, Quadriceps Tendon Autograft, and Meniscal Involvement Associated With Delayed Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Amateur Athletes

PurposeTo identify prognostic factors associated with a delayed return to sport (RTS) time in amateur athletes who return to full participation after a primary isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. MethodsA retrospective review was performed among athletes who underwent ACL reconstruction between October 2014 and October 2021. Inclusion criteria were any amateur athletes with an ACL reconstruction that had a documented RTS and greater than one-year follow-up. Non-athletes, multiligamentous knee injury, and missing documented RTS timelines were exclusion criteria. RTS was defined as participation in athletics at a level equivalent to or higher than the pre-injury level participation. Demographic and prognostic factors, including prior knee surgery, meniscal involvement, level of participation, surgical approach, and graft type, were recorded along with RTS time and analyzed via Poisson regression. Results91 athletes, average age 18.8 (± 6.7) years, who underwent ACL reconstruction at a single institution from 2014 to 2021 were identified with an average follow-up time of 4.6 (±2.5) years [range 1.1, 9.0]. Meniscal involvement [1.11 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.15), p < 0.001] and previous knee surgery [1.43 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.58), p < 0.001] were related to a delayed RTS. Quadriceps tendon and bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autografts, as well as allograft showed a significant association with a longer RTS time when compared to hamstring autograft [1.16 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.20), p < 0.001; 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.07), p = 0.020; 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.19), p=0.004, respectively], as did anteromedial portal drilling, when compared to the outside in approach for femoral drilling [1.19 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.23), p < 0.001]. ConclusionPrior knee surgery, anteromedial femoral drilling, quadriceps tendon autograft, and meniscus tear were most associated with a delayed timeline for RTS among young athletes who were able to return.

Randomised controlled feasibility study protocol of the Carers-ID online intervention to support the mental health of family carers of people with intellectual disabilities

BackgroundFamily carers play a crucial role in supporting the health and well-being of people with intellectual disabilities. Given their role and responsibilities, many family carers experience significant and ongoing stress and mental health difficulties. Programmes and interventions which provide training and support to family carers have been shown to have a positive impact on levels of stress and quality of life. However, these are often face to face which can create barriers to full participation. Online interventions have been shown to offer flexibility in delivery compared with traditional face-to-face approaches. The primary objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of delivering the Carers-ID online intervention, while the secondary outcome is improved mental health in family carers of people with intellectual disabilities.MethodsFamily carers (n = 120) will be randomised to receive the intervention (n = 60) or assigned to a wait-list control (n = 60) group. The intervention (www.Carers-ID.com) consists of 14 modules which cover topics including the following: promoting resilience, providing peer support, reducing anxiety, managing stress, accessing local supports and managing family conflict and information for siblings who are carers. The intervention has been co-produced with voluntary sector organisations and family carers and tested for acceptability. Primary outcomes for this study include acceptability and feasibility of the outcome measures, recruitment, participation and retention rates and effect sizes. Secondary outcomes will be completed at three time points (baseline, following intervention completion and 3 months after completion). These include the following: the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Social Connectedness Scale Revised. Participants (n = 12) who have taken part in the intervention arm of the research will be invited to participate in semi-structured interviews as part of the process evaluation.DiscussionThe Carers-ID intervention provides an online resource for family carers to support their mental health and well-being and promote their resilience. It represents an affordable and accessible means of delivering such support. Testing the feasibility of the intervention and related trial procedures is required to determine whether a full-scale randomised controlled trial to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness is warranted.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05737823

Identifying Barriers to SDG Awareness Among Scheduled Caste Youth in Tamil Nadu

Despite the sustainable development goals’ (SDGs) emphasis on inclusion, marginalized youths are denied full participation due to discriminatory practices. Despite a few studies examining the SDGs and their social targets, none has examined young people’s awareness of the SDGs in Scheduled Castes (SCs). In our study, we analysed the narratives of 40 SC youth in seven districts of Tamil Nadu, who have historically been marginalized. In this study, we examined how SC youth experience social exclusion and what factors contribute to their lack of awareness of schemes and programmes. We suggested ways to promote the involvement of SC youth in achieving Tamil Nadu’s SDGs.

Naindayawan-A-Rambak-Ti-Gimong: An Inculturation of the Eucharist in Ilocano

This study aims to elevate the discourse on the imperative of Liturgical Inculturation and propose general suggestions on how to shape a more relevant and meaningful Ilocano celebration of the Eucharist. It emphasizes Vatican II’s liturgical reform while maintaining fidelity to the nature of the culture – the Ilocano culture. The study was conducted with the parishioners of Our Lady of Fatima (OLF) in Villaverde, Nueva Vizcaya, shedding light on the inquiry: “Is the liturgical rite prescribed by the Catholic Church still meaningful and relevant among Ilocanos at present, particularly the parishioners of OLF?” The results of the study revealed that the Eucharist holds an ambivalent significance for many Ilocanos, particularly the parishioners of OLF. Undoubtedly, Ilocanos regard the Eucharist as the center – the source and summit – of their Christian life. However, the Ilocano Catholics of OLF lack a proper understanding of how the Eucharist operates or functions in their lives. Furthermore, many Ilocanos display ignorance or a lack of proper understanding about the Eucharist. Additionally, many Ilocano Catholics tend to separate the Eucharist from their daily lives. Given these alarming situations, liturgical inculturation becomes relevant at this juncture. The full, conscious, active, and fruitful participation of Ilocanos in the Eucharist can be achieved through a mutual integration of the rite prescribed by the Church and their native culture. This approach respects the process of integration, allowing both the Eucharist and Ilocano culture to evolve through mutual insertion and absorption while preserving their identities. Thus, the Eucharist, ritually expressed in a Roman form, is assimilated and reformulated in a language and form that Ilocanos can understand and actively participate in. It is here that genuine integration takes place. Keywords: inculturation, contextualization, dynamic equivalence, worship, liturgy, Ilocanos, Catholic liturgy

Female Labour Force Participation in South Africa

The study uses data from the 2017 South African National Income and Dynamics Survey (NIDS) to investigate the determinants of female labour force participation in South Africa. The majority of women form part of the female labour force (50.21%). These estimates are similar in urban areas (55.77%) but lower among women in rural areas (40.29%). Age and education emerge as dominant predictors of female labour force participation. A large household size decreased the odds of labour force participation. The results suggest that more needs to be done in terms of encouraging the full economic participation of women.

The role of glycemic control in the development of late complications of diabetes mellitus

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is constantly increasing throughout the world. It is known that type 2 diabetes is associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, chronic heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Modern therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus requires complex treatment and should be aimed not only at reducing glycemia, but also at managing the risks of cardiovascular and renal complications. The results of large scientific studies ADVANCE, ACCORD and VADT have clearly proven the role of glycemic control in the prevention of microvascular complications of diabetes. A number of studies have established that the parameters of glycemic variability are of independent importance in predicting diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular complications. Hyperglycemia also plays an important role in the development of macrovascular complications. The modern approach to the management of diabetes as one of the most important methods of preventing micro-and macroangiopathies includes the need for mandatory self-monitoring of blood glucose. Self-monitoring of glycemia should be accurate, simple and convenient, allowing the patient to carry out effective and safe glucose-lowering therapy. One of the main aspects of self-monitoring of blood glucose is the choice of a glucometer. From the doctor’s point of view, the most important criterion for choosing a glucometer is compliance with accuracy standards, and from the patient’s point of view, convenience and ease of use. Thanks to the improvement of technology, the accuracy of blood glucose measurements increases, the procedure for self-monitoring of glycemia is simplified, which leads to increased adherence to treatment and the effectiveness of glucose-lowering therapy. Achieving and maintaining the target glycemic level, preventing micro-and macrovascular complications are impossible without the active full participation of the patient himself in the treatment of diabetes, self-monitoring of blood glucose using an accurate and patient-friendly glucometer, i.e., Contour Plus One.

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation with a focus on physiotherapy in patients with Post Covid19 condition: an observational pilot study.

There is a lack of interventions that treat the Post-Covid-19 Condition (PCC) itself. Accordingly, treatment guidelines recommend physiotherapy interventions to alleviate symptoms and enhance functioning. In cases where unimodal treatments prove ineffective, non-organ-specific multidisciplinary bio-psycho-social rehabilitation (MBR) programs are a suitable option. In a pilot observational study with assessments at the entry and end of treatment we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a 3-week day clinic MBR program and explore its effects on physical functioning in PCC patients with fatigue and reduced physical capacity. Patient selection was based on an interdisciplinary assessment involving a physician, a psychologist and a physiotherapist. Feasibility was determined based on full participation (≥ 8 of 9days) and maintenance of stable endurance in the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). From 37 patients included in the study, 33 completed the MBR (mean age: 43 ± 12years, 73% female). Four patients discontinued the MBR, with two of them having reported deterioration of PCC symptoms. The 6MWT showed a numerical improvement from 501 ± 97m to 512 ± 87m, although it did not reach statistical significance. These results support the feasibility of outpatient MBR with a focus on active physiotherapy interventions in PCC patients with fatigue. This study aligns with previous research supporting the effectiveness of physiotherapy and rehabilitation in PCC patients. However, further research is needed to address possible different treatment responses and varying treatment approaches in subgroups of PCC patients.

Efektivitas Program Kota Tanpa Kumuh (Kotaku) Dalam Menangani Permukiman Kumuh Di Kota Padang

West Sumatera Province is one of the 15 provinces with the highest slum area in Indonesia. The city of Padang, as the largest city and the provincial capital, has a number of slum areas with an area of 122.33 ha. Of the 22 Kelurahan in Padang, one of the widest slum areas is in the Kelurahan Binuang Kampung Dalam. The KOTAKU program is then present to direct and synergize all forms of collaboration between parties to prevent and improve the quality of slum settlements, especially the community as active development subjects. Within two years, the KOTAKU program initiated CFW (Cash For Work) and Sanitation Assistance activities with a total budget of nearly one billion by involving the full participation of the people there. This thesis aims to analyze how effective and the inhibiting factors of the KOTAKU Program are in dealing with slum settlements in Binuang Kampung Dalam Village. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, and the method of selecting informants used a purposive sampling technique with the method of measuring program effectiveness using the Pentagonal Assets 7 Indicators. The results showed that the implementation of the KOTAKU program in Binuang Kampung Dalam Kelurahan focused on road repairs with a volume of 2,352.4 meters, drainage improvements with a volume of 275.7 meters, community capacity building 1 package, and sanitation improvement assistance to 100 families. However, the KOTAKU program is still considered less effective, because it does not bring changes to the other three indicators. The factors inhibiting the effectiveness of the program are the absence of programs on the indicators of building order, waste management and fire protection and the slow disbursement of funds

Pengaruh Identitas Etnis Politik Terhadap Perilaku Pemilih

This research is entitled The influence of ethnic identity politics in the election of Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Medan 2020. What will be studied in this research is to see the involvement of ethnic identity politics in the election of Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Medan 2020. This research uses political anthropology methods with a functionalist approach where the approach This is built on ethnic lineages which allow for political relations with ethnic groups and organizations. Data collection techniques were carried out using in-depth interview techniques, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique in this research uses qualitative descriptive data analysis. The technique for determining informants in this research is Purposive Sampling, where the selection of informants is chosen deliberately based on predetermined criteria, namely people who experience and feel directly the influence exerted by candidate pairs using ethnic identity. So the informants in this research were people living in Medan Perjuangan, namely 10 informants, namely 2 people each from the Malay, Javanese, Batak, Acehnese ethnicities, and 2 people from the Chinese ethnicity. The research results show that political ethnic identity does have an influence, but the people of Medan also consider other factors in determining their choices. Full community participation in elections is related to awareness of the importance of community contributions, while the assessment of candidates is not only focused on ethnic identity, but involves performance, vision and mission and leadership behavior. Overall, the results of this study indicate that while political ethnic identity is not an important factor, the people of Medan prefer to understand and evaluate candidates based on performance and leadership criteria.