Full Gap Research Articles

Rural-urban disparities in full antenatal care utilization among women in Ethiopia: A further analysis of Mini-EDHS, 2019.

Full antenatal care utilization is a key intervention that creates the opportunity to provide all the necessary health services during pregnancy that aims to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. However, there is still a gap in utilizing this service between rural and urban women. So, this study aimed to identify the sources of variations in full antenatal care utilization between the rural and urban areas of Ethiopia. The study used the data on a nationwide representative sample of the Mini- Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Ethiopia. The data were collected from March 21, 2019, to June 28, 2019, in all regions of Ethiopia. Two stage cluster sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. This study included about 3,927 (weighted samples) of women aged from 15 to 49 years. A multivariate decomposition analysis technique was performed to observe the rural-urban disparities in full antenatal care utilization explained by residence difference in components of endowments and coefficients. The prevalence of full antenatal care utilization was 43.25% (95% CI: 41.7%, 44.8%). The difference in the prevalence of full antenatal care utilization between rural and urban women was (rural prevalence was 27.73%, while in urban areas it was 15.52%). These results showed a statistically significant full antenatal care utilization gap in rural urban resident women (-0.21807, 95% CI:(-0.27397, -0.16217)). The majority of the gap was explained by the covariate distribution, which accounted for 76.84%, and the rest, 23.16%, was due to the effect of covariate differences. Educational status, wealth status, religion, region, birth order, and parity differences between urban and rural women explain most of the full antenatal care utilization disparities. There is a significant full antenatal care utilization disparity between rural and urban women in Ethiopia. This variation in the rural-urban full antenatal care utilization was explained by differences in characteristics (endowment). So to decrease this gap, emphasis should be given to resource distribution targeting rural households, improvement of maternal education and creating a platform to access information about the service and its relevance.

Light-Induced Ultrafast Glide-Mirror Symmetry Breaking in Black Phosphorus.

Symmetry breaking plays an important role in the fields of physics, ranging from particle physics to condensed matter physics. In solid-state materials, phase transitions are deeply linked to the underlying symmetry breakings, resulting in a rich variety of emergent phases. Such symmetry breakings are often induced by controlling the chemical composition and temperature or applying an electric field, strain, etc. In this work, we demonstrate ultrafast glide-mirror symmetry breaking in black phosphorus through Floquet engineering. Upon near-resonance pumping, a light-induced full gap opening is observed at the glide-mirror symmetry protected nodal ring, suggesting light-induced breaking of the glide-mirror symmetry. Moreover, the full gap is observed only in the presence of the light-field and disappears almost instantaneously (≪100 fs) when the light-field is turned off, suggesting the ultrafast manipulation of the symmetry and its Floquet engineering origin. This work not only demonstrates light-matter interaction as an effective way to realize ultrafast symmetry breaking in solid-state materials but also moves forward toward the long-sought Floquet topological phases.

Investigation of Mode-Induced Spin Wave Transmission Blockage by In Situ Nanoscale Grooves.

In the pursuit of advancing spin-wave optics, the propagation of magnetostatic surface spin-waves is investigated in a uniform permalloy waveguide with in-situ nanopatterned grooves created through Atomic Force Microscopy nanolithography and Focused Ion Beam etching. The study unveils that the introduction of narrow constrictions and grooves leads to a non-monotonic reduction of the transmitted spin-wave signal intensity as the spin-wave pathway is shrinked. The remarkable feature that a stronger signal extinction is obtained for a narrow groove compared to a spin-waveguide interrupted by a full gap, where only inefficient transport through dipolar coupling is allowed, is highlighted. Combining experimental and numerical analyses, the intricate interplay between spin-wave diffraction and reflection at the waveguide edges is unraveled, being at the origin of a transverse-mode variation responsible for the signal extinction when detected using coplanar antennas. The findings offer insights into the controllable manipulation of detected spin-wave intensity, thereby opening promising avenues for the improvement of spin-wave switches and interferometers, and for the nanopatterning of graded indexmagnonics.

Magnetisation control of the nematicity direction and nodal points in a superconducting doped topological insulator

We study the effects of magnetisation on the properties of the doped topological insulator of the $\text{Bi}_2\text{Se}_3$ family with nematic superconductivity. We found that the direction of the in-plane magnetisation fixes the direction of the nematicity in the system. The chiral state is more favourable than the nematic state for large values of out-of-plane magnetisation. Overall, the critical temperature of the nematic superconductivity is robust against magnetisation. We explore in detail the spectrum of the system with the pinned direction of the nematic order parameter $\Delta_{y}$. Without magnetisation, there is a full gap in the spectrum because of finite hexagonal warping. At an out-of-plane $m_z$ or orthogonal in-plane $m_x$ magnetisation that is strong enough, the spectrum is closed at the nodal points that are split by the magnetisation. Flat Majorana surface states connect such split bulk nodal points. Parallel magnetisation $m_y$ lifts the nodal points and opens a full gap in the spectrum. We discuss relevant experiments and propose experimental verifications of our theory.

Electronic transport properties in GaAs/AlGaAs finite superlattice of cylindrical quantum wires

In this paper, we have studied a theoretical and numerical investigation of the electronic properties of finite cylindrical quantum wires (CQWRs), constituted by the periodic alteration of two semiconductor materials of CQWRs GaAs/AlGaAs in the axial direction, the structure sandwiched between two substrates GaAs. The electronic band structure and the electronic transmission spectrum are obtained by means of Green’s function approach, taking into account the impact of connection barriers. Our results reveal that the electronic energy levels of CQWRs consist of alternating passbands and bandgaps. The coincidence of incoming electronic waves with these discrete electronic energy levels leads to electron transport during the CQWRs superlattice. We employed an effective mass model dependent on the cell position in the axial direction to solve the Schrodinger equation. This model was adjusted to reflect variations in the confining potentials while accounting for changes in the radial direction. When the radius of the structure is relatively small the electronic states tend towards higher energies due to geometrical confinement. On the other hand, as the radius increases, the passbands and bandgaps move to lower energies. Similarly, the pseudogaps turn into full gaps, and their width increases, and this feature is also observed when the number of cells increases. This property is due to the interaction between the neighboring electrons and the eigenstates of the CQWRs. In addition, the passbands and band gaps shift to high energy when the barrier concentration increases, and the width of band gaps increases also. Finally, we have demonstrated the theoretical design of an optoelectronic device for filtering electronic waves by geometrical and physical parameters, whose electronic band structure of this finite CQWRs superlattice can be controlled.

How far from full employment? The European unemployment problem revisited

This paper analyses deviations from full employment in EU countries, compared with the US and the UK. We apply the Beveridge (full-employment-consistent) rate of unemployment (BECRU), derived from the unemployment-vacancies relationship. The BECRU is the unemployment rate that minimises the non-productive use of labour. Based on a novel dataset over 1970–2022, we find full employment episodes in selected EU countries (Germany, Sweden, Austria, Finland) during the 1970s. The European unemployment problem emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, as Beveridgean full employment gaps increased. In the run-up to the global financial crisis, full employment gaps declined, then increased during the Great Recession. Slack in labour markets initially increased during the pandemic. Labour markets became tighter when recovering from the COVID-19 crisis, but few countries hit full employment. We show that Beveridgean full employment gaps are informative in predicting the share of young people who are unemployed and not receiving education or vocational training.

Sternal cleft: new options for reconstruction.

Sternal cleft (SC) is a rare congenital affection caused by the absence of sternal bar union. Diagnosis is generally made after birth due to paradoxical midline movement, although it can be made prenatally by ultrasonography. A computerized tomography scan (CT scan) after birth is generally used to confirm the diagnosis, assess other intrathoracic conditions, classify the SC, and plan for surgery. SC can be classified as complete or incomplete. A complete SC has a full gap between sternal bars. An incomplete SC is subdivided into superior or inferior, related to the point of bone fusion between the sternal bars. The goal of surgical treatment is to protect mediastinal structures. Many authors advocate the repair in newborn patients, although it can be performed in older patients. The main argument in its favor is the chest's flexibility, with a reduced risk of compression of the mediastinal structures. There are several cases of series and distinct surgical techniques in the literature. Some authors have suggested the use of autologous tissue, prosthetic material such as mesh, or titanium plates and screws. Although difficulties are often encountered in surgical access, they have not been discussed. Therefore, we are promoting modifications to the technique in response to this. The purpose is to show innovations, and how to deal with adversity during the procedure.

Model-based scenarios for achieving net negative emissions in the food system

Most climate mitigation scenarios point to a combination of GHG emission reductions and CO2removal for avoiding the most dangerous climate change impacts this century. The global food system is responsible for ~1/3 of GHG emissions and thus plays an important role in reaching emission targets. Consumers, technology innovation, industry, and agricultural practices offer various degrees of opportunity to reduce emissions and remove CO2. However, a question remains as to whether food system transformation can achieve net negative emissions (i.e., where GHG sinks exceed sources sector wide) and what the capacity of the different levers may be. We use a global food system model to explore the influence of consumer choice, climate-smart agro-industrial technologies, and food waste reductions for achieving net negative emissions for the year 2050. We analyze an array of scenarios under the conditions of full yield gap closures and caloric demands in a world with 10 billion people. Our results reveal a high-end capacity of 33 gigatonnes of net negative emissions per annum via complete food system transformation, which assumes full global deployment of behavioral-, management- and technology-based interventions. The most promising technologies for achieving net negative emissions include hydrogen-powered fertilizer production, livestock feeds, organic and inorganic soil amendments, agroforestry, and sustainable seafood harvesting practices. On the consumer side, adopting flexitarian diets cannot achieve full decarbonization of the food system but has the potential to increase the magnitude of net negative emissions when combined with technology scale-up. GHG reductions ascribed to a mixture of technology deployment and dietary shifts emerge for many different countries, with areas of high ruminant production and non-intensive agricultural systems showing the greatest per capita benefits. This analysis highlights potential for future food systems to achieve net negative emissions using multifaceted “cradle-to-grave” and “land-to-sea” emission reduction strategies that embrace emerging climate-smart agro-industrial technologies.

Identifying s-wave pairing symmetry in single-layer FeSe from topologically trivial edge states

Determining the pairing symmetry of single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3 is the key to understanding the enhanced pairing mechanism. It also guides the search for superconductors with high transition temperatures. Despite considerable efforts, it remains controversial whether the symmetry is the sign-preserving s- or the sign-changing s±-wave. Here, we investigate the pairing symmetry of single-layer FeSe from a topological point of view. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we systematically characterize the superconducting states at edges and corners of single-layer FeSe. The tunneling spectra collected at edges and corners show a full energy gap and a substantial dip, respectively, suggesting the absence of topologically non-trivial edge and corner modes. According to our theoretical calculations, these spectroscopic features can be considered as strong evidence for the sign-preserving s-wave pairing in single-layer FeSe.

Observation of Electronic Strong Correlation in VTe_{2}-2sqrt[3]×2sqrt[3] Monolayer.

Strong electron correlation under two-dimensional limit is intensely studied in the transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers, mostly within their charge density wave (CDW) states that host a star of David period. Here, by using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations with on-site Hubbard corrections, we study the VTe_{2} monolayer with a different 2sqrt[3]×2sqrt[3] CDW period. We find that the dimerization of neighboring Te-Te and V-V atoms occurs during the CDW transition, and that the strong correlation effect opens a Mott-like full gap at Fermi energy (E_{F}). We further demonstrate that such a Mott phenomenon is ascribed to the combination of the CDW transition and on-site Coulomb interactions. Our work provides a new platform for exploring Mott physics in 2D materials.

Clinical Outcomes for Uptitration of Baricitinib Therapy in Patients With Severe Alopecia Areata: A Pooled Analysis of the BRAVE-AA1 and BRAVE-AA2 Trials.

Baricitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor that has achieved clinically meaningful outcomes for scalp, eyebrow, and eyelash hair regrowth in patients with severe alopecia areata (AA) at week 36 of treatment. Treatment with baricitinib, 4 mg, has resulted in higher response rates than baricitinib, 2 mg, at weeks 36 and 52. To determine the efficacy of uptitration to baricitinib, 4 mg, for 24 weeks in patients who had previously not responded to baricitinib, 2 mg (Severity of Alopecia Tool [SALT] score of >20). BRAVE-AA1 and BRAVE-AA2 are multicenter, placebo-controlled, phase 3 randomized clinical trials that were initiated on September 24, 2018, and July 8, 2019, respectively, with follow-up to 200 weeks (data cutoffs of November 11, 2021, and November 5, 2021, respectively). This pooled analysis reports long-term extension data up to week 76. At baseline, 1200 adult patients with severe AA (SALT score ≥50) were randomly assigned in a 3:2:2 ratio to receive baricitinib, 4 mg; baricitinib, 2 mg; or placebo. Patients treated with baricitinib remained on the same treatment dose until week 52. Patients were considered nonresponders to baricitinib, 2 mg, if they had a SALT score greater than 20 after 52 weeks of therapy. The proportions of patients achieving a SALT score of 20 or lower and clinician-reported outcome for eyebrow hair loss and eyelash hair loss scores of 0 or 1 (full coverage or minimal gaps) with 2-point or higher improvements from baseline (among those with baseline scores ≥2 [significant gaps to no notable hair]) were analyzed through week 76. At week 52, of the 340 patients (mean [SD] age, 38.4 [12.9] years; 212 [62.4%] female) treated with baricitinib, 2 mg, 212 (62.4%) had a SALT score higher than 20 and were uptitrated to baricitinib, 4 mg. Two-thirds of these patients (142 of 212 [67.0%]) had a baseline SALT score of 95 to 100, indicating very severe AA. At week 76, 55 of the 212 patients (25.9%) had achieved a SALT score of 20 or lower. During the same period, response rates for clinician-reported outcome scores of 0 or 1 increased from 19.3% (31 of 161 patients) to 37.9% (61 of 161 patients) for eyebrows and from 24.1% (33 of 137 patients) to 40.9% (56 of 137 patients) for eyelashes. In this pooled analysis of the BRAVE-AA1 and BRAVE-AA2 trials, uptitration of baricitinib, 2 mg, to baricitinib, 4 mg, in those who did not respond to the 2-mg dose resulted in meaningful improvement of response rates over the subsequent 24 weeks for scalp, eyebrow, and eyelash hair loss. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03570749 and NCT03899259.

P64 Efficacy of baricitinib in patients with different degrees of severe alopecia areata: 52-week results from BRAVE-AA1 and BRAVE-AA2

Abstract Baricitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor, demonstrated efficacy in adults with severe alopecia areata (AA) over 36 weeks in two phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, BRAVE-AA1 (NCT03570749) and BRAVE-AA2 (NCT03899259). Using integrated data from the long-term extension periods of both trials, we report treatment response to baricitinib by the AA severity subgroup based on the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score over 52 weeks. Patients randomized to baricitinib at baseline (n = 855) retained their treatment allocation (2 mg/4 mg) through to week 52 in both trials and were included in week 52 analyses; placebo nonresponders were rescued at week 36. Severity of AA at baseline was defined as severe (SALT score 50–94) or very severe (SALT score 95–100). Key inclusion criteria were SALT score ≥ 50, current AA episode lasting > 6 months to < 8 years without spontaneous improvement within 6 months prior to screening, and no previous inadequate response to oral JAK inhibitors. Efficacy endpoints included the proportion of patients achieving a SALT score ≤ 20 and the proportion of patients achieving Clinician-Reported Outcome (ClinRO) Measure for Eyebrow/Eyelash Hair Loss™ 0,1 (no, minimal gaps) with ≥ 2-point improvement from baseline among patients with baseline scores 2,3 (significant gaps, no notable eyebrows/eyelashes). Analyses were presented descriptively for each subgroup up to week 52. Nonresponder imputation was used for missing data. Data collected after permanent study drug discontinuation or at remote visits due to the COVID-19 pandemic were excluded. In total, 1200 patients were enrolled (BRAVE-AA1, n = 654; BRAVE-AA2, n = 546). At baseline, the overall mean (SD) age was 37.5 (12.9) years; 60.7% were female and 46.8% and 53.2% of patients had severe and very severe AA, respectively. At week 52, a SALT score ≤ 20 was achieved by 36.1% and 51.2% of patients on baricitinib 2 mg and baricitinib 4 mg, respectively, with severe AA and 12.4% and 27.7% of patients on baricitinib 2 mg and baricitinib 4 mg, respectively, with very severe AA. Eyebrow/Eyelash Hair Loss™ scores 0,1 with ≥ 2-point improvement from baseline at week 52 were achieved by 19.4% and 26.0% (baricitinib 2 mg) and 37.5% and 38.5% (baricitinib 4 mg) of patients with severe AA and 24.3% and 25.3% (baricitinib 2 mg) and 47.6% and 48.1% (baricitinib 4 mg) of patients with very severe AA. Following 52 weeks of treatment with both baricitinib doses, clinical responses of SALT score ≤ 20 were observed both in patients with severe and very severe AA. Proportions of patients achieving full coverage or minimal gaps in eyebrows and eyelashes were similar at week 52, regardless of scalp hair-loss severity. Funding sources: Eli Lilly and Company.

How to find the perfect application pattern for adhesively bonded joints?

Adhesive bonding has become increasingly popular in the manufacturing industry due to its many advantages. However, the need to completely fill the joint gap with adhesive for optimum force transfer remains a significant challenge. To ensure full gap filling and therefore joint integrity, safety critical applications often require the adhesive to flow beyond the bonded edges. Due to inadequate design of this process, the adhesive volume that escapes is often more than 30–50% of the adhesive volume. This current practice represents a suboptimal way of proceeding, which the current paper may mitigate.As a result, excessive amounts of adhesive are typically applied due to the lack of suitable models for predicting the flow and final distribution of the adhesive, including the excess amount. This limitation has hindered progress in adhesive bonding technology, and urgent action is needed to address this issue.This paper offers a solution to the significant challenge of predicting adhesive flow and distribution in manufacturing applications. The authors have developed and validated a model that allows the simulation of these complex processes. The paper goes further to present initial application patterns aimed at minimising adhesive waste while ensuring the full filling of the overlap. To achieve this, the authors employ a procedure that involves an advanced reverse squeeze flow simulation to derive an optimal application pattern from a simple initial design. It turns out that a wide range of different final distributions can be produced by a variety of initial star-shaped forms. This paper represents a significant contribution to adhesive bonding technology for anyone interested in manufacturing efficiency.

Theory of magnetic 3d transition metal dopants in gallium nitride

Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) methods and size-converged supercell models, we analyze the electronic and atomic structure of magnetic $3d$ transition metal dopants in cubic gallium nitride (c-GaN). All stable defect charge states for Fermi levels across the full experimental gap are computed using a method that correctly resolves the boundary condition problem (without a jellium approximation) and eliminates finite-size errors. The resulting computed defect levels are not impacted by the DFT band-gap problem, they span a width consistent with the experimental gap rather than being limited to the single-particle DFT gap. All defects with electronically degenerate (half-metal) ${T}_{d}$ ground states are found to have significant distortions, relaxing to ${D}_{2d}$ structures driven by the Jahn-Teller instability. This leads to insulating ground states for all substitutional $3d$ dopants, refuting claims in the literature that $+U$ or hybrid functional methods are required to avoid artificial half-metal results. Interpreting the ${d}^{n}$ atomic occupations within a crystal-field model and exchange splittings, we identify a systematic trend across the $3d$ transition metal series. Approaches to estimate excited-state energies as observed in photoluminescence from defect centers are assessed, ranging from a Koopmans-type single-particle energy interpretation to relaxed total energy differences in fully self-consistent DFT. The single-particle interpretations are found to be qualitatively predictive and the calculations are consistent with the limited available experimental data across the $3d$ dopant series. These results provide a baseline understanding to guide future studies and a conceptual framework within which to interpret new results.

Developing Supportive Bioeconomy Policies

Developing Supportive Bioeconomy Policies

Superconducting properties and gap structure of the topological superconductor candidate Ti3Sb

We present a study of the superconducting properties of the candidate topological superconductor Ti_(3)Sb. Electrical transport measurements show zero resistance with a T_(c,onset) of ~ 5.9 K with a transition width {\Delta}T_c~ 0.6 K. The superconducting phase boundaries as derived from magneto-transport and magnetic susceptibility measurements agree well. We estimate an upper critical field Bc2(0)~4.5 T. A Ginzburg-Landau (GL) analysis yields values of the coherence length and penetration depth of {\zeta} = 6.2 nm and {\lambda} = 340 nm, respectively, and a GL parameter ~ 55, indicating extreme type-II behavior. Furthermore, we observed a step height in the specific heat ({\Delta}C_e)/({\gamma}T_c )~1.61, a value larger than the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) value of 1.43, suggesting modest coupling. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the London penetration depth via the tunnel-diode oscillator (TDO) technique down to ~ 450 mK show a full superconducting gap, consistent with a conventional s-wave gap structure.

Ni-Intercalation-Induced Topological Nodal Line States and Superconductivity in NiTe

Based on symmetry analyses and first-principles calculations, we report the predictions of topological fermions and superconductivity in Ni-intercalated transition metal chalcogenide NiTe. The self-intercalation of Ni introduces nonsymmorphic symmetry operations, protecting a pair of Dirac points and three intersecting Dirac nodal lines near Fermi energy level (EF), which generate spin-textured surface states across EF. Moreover, the Ni-intercalation strongly enhances electron–phonon coupling in NiTe and makes it an anisotropic Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductor with a full superconducting gap and a critical temperature Tc ∼1.5 K. The coexistence of topological surface states and superconductivity implies that NiTe is a potential material platform for exploring topological superconductivity.

Vortex gap solitons in spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates with competing nonlinearities

The formation and dynamics of full vortex gap solitons (FVGSs) are investigated in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates with spin–orbit coupling (SOC), Zeeman splitting (ZS), and competing cubic and quintic nonlinear terms, while the usual kinetic energy is neglected, assuming that it is much smaller than the SOC and ZS terms. Unlike previous SOC system with the cubic-only attractive nonlinearity, in which solely semi-vortices may be stable, with the vorticity carried by a single component, the present system supports stable FVGS states, with the vorticity present in both components (such states are called here “full vortex solitons”, to stress the difference from the half-vortices). They populate the bandgap in the system’s linear spectrum. In the case of the cubic self-attraction and quintic repulsion, stable FVGSs with a positive effective mass exist near the top of the bandgap. On the contrary, the system with cubic self-repulsion and quintic attraction produces stable FVGSs with a negative mass near the bottom of the bandgap. Mobility and collisions of FVGSs with different topological charges are investigated too.

Microscopic properties of Mo4Ga20Sb intermetallic superconductor in normal and superconducting states as evidenced by NMR and NQR spectroscopy

A detailed study of novel intermetallic superconductor Mo4Ga20Sb (Tc = 6.6 K) by means of 69,71Ga nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy was performed to gain insight into the superconducting pairing mechanism and gap characteristics, as well as into the normal-state electronic properties on a microscopic scale. An unexpected step-like increase of the 69Ga1 NQR linewidth was observed at Tc with decreasing temperature, which may indicate coexistence of several superconducting phases on a microscopic scale with slightly different Tc values. Above 140 K, the NQR linewidth decreases rapidly with increasing temperature due to possible oscillatory and/or rotational modes of the gallium cluster network at the elevated temperatures. Nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 of 69Ga nuclei in the Ga1 position follows Korringa law characteristic for the compounds with good metallic conductivity. The calculated Korringa ratio S< 1 indicates the presence of antiferromagnetic correlations in Mo4Ga20Sb, in agreement with the magnetic susceptibility data. Below Tc, a pronounced intensive Hebel-Slichter peak was observed indicating s-wave superconductivity without point or line nodes in the k-space (full gap s-wave superconductivity). We have demonstrated that the best fit of the experimental data is achieved using two s-wave superconducting gaps of 13 K and 6 K with relative weights of 0.8 and 0.2, respectively. The obtained weighted average value of 11.6 K is consistent with the specific heat value of Δ = 12.05 K.

Time-reversal symmetry breaking in the superconducting state of ScS

We have studied the electronic properties of ScS, a transition-metal monochalcogenide with a rocksalt crystal structure, using magnetization, specific heat, transport, and muon spin rotation/relaxation ($\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$) measurements. All measurements confirm the bulk superconductivity in ScS with a transition temperature of ${T}_{C}=5.1(5)$ K. Specific heat together with transverse-field $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ measurements indicate a full gap, while our zero-field $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ study reveals the presence of spontaneous static or quasistatic magnetic fields emerging when entering the superconducting state. We discuss various possible microscopic origins of the observed time-reversal symmetry breaking. As none of them can be readily reconciled with a conventional pairing mechanism, this introduces ScS as a candidate material for unconventional superconductivity.