Full-fat Canola Seeds Research Articles

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Full-Fat Canola Seeds on Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Antioxidant Status of Laying Japanese Quails

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different levels of full-fat canola seeds (FFCS) on productive performance, blood metabolites and antioxidant status of laying Japanese quails. A total of 360, 8-week-old quails were divided into a completely randomize design with 4 dietary experimental groups and three pens each, each pen containing 30hens. The experimental groups were fed iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets supplemented with FFCS at levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg diet. The experiment lasted 16 weeks. All supplemented groups showed significant effects in the final body weight (g), hen feed consumption (g/hen/day), egg mass (g egg/hen/day) and hen-day egg production (%). However, egg weight (g) at 8-12 weeks of age reduced significantly. Moreover, feed conversion ratio (g feed/g egg), did not alter among groups. Egg quality criteria were not affected by FFCS supplementationexcept for the egg shape index which decreased significantly at 10 and 15% FFCS groups. Serum total protein, albumen, uric acid, creatinine, hepatic enzyme activities, triiodothyronine, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterolconcentrations were not altered. However, serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol showed significant reduction in all treated groups. Furthermore, serum glutathione peroxidase level was greatly influencedin supplemented groups, while malondialdehyde level reduced significantly. In conclusion, FFCS inclusion in Laying Japanese quail diets up to 15% enhanced the laying performance, blood lipids profile and anti-oxidative status. Thus, it can be regarded as alternative sources of energy and protein in poultry rations.

Feeding preferences of ostriches towards the inclusion of full-fat canola seed in grower diets

The largest expense of an intensive ostrich production unit is feed cost (ca.75%). Protein makes up a great portion of feed for monogastric animals and this expense can be lowered by utilizing locally produced feedstuffs such as full-fat canola, although it is not clear whether ostriches will readily consume full-fat canola because of its anti-nutritional and other known factors. To evaluate the feeding preference of ostriches towards full-fat canola, 60 South African Black ostriches (82.2 +/- 1.06 kg in live weight) were placed in 10 camps of six birds per camp. Each camp had five identical feed troughs containing diets in which full-fat canola seed (FFCS) incrementally (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of protein source) replaced the soybean oilcake meal (9.8% of the total diet composition in control diet was soybean oilcake meal and full-fat canola was included up to 27.5% of the total diet) as protein source. Dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily and feed colour characteristics were measured, based on L*, a* and b* colour attributes. Only the 25%FFCS showed a higher DMI (817.38 +/- 81.98 g/bird/day) and percentage DMI (similar to 29.53%) than the other diets, with an average DMI of 488.8 g/bird/day) and percentage DMI of 17.62%. Although the 0%FFCS, 50%FFCS and 75%FFCS had a lighter colour than the 25%FFCS and 100%FFCS and the b* colour parameter for 100%FFCS was lower than the rest, it is believed that these differences had no effect on DMI. Based on the results of this study, diets with up to 27.5% full-fat canola seeds had no detrimental effect on feed intake of finishing ostriches. Birds prefer diets with a combination of 6.9% full-fat canola seed and 7.4% soybean oilcake meal.

Digestibility of amino acid in full-fat canola seeds, canola meal, and canola expellers fed to broiler chickens and pigs1

Canola products including full-fat canola seeds (FFCS), canola meal (CM), and canola expellers (CE) have been used in diets for both broiler chickens and pigs. However, their ability to utilize the AA in canola products might be different from each other. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in broiler chickens and growing pigs fed FFCS, CM, and CE. Three diets were prepared to contain FFCS, CM, or CE as a sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared. In Exp. 1, a total of 272 twenty-one-day-old male broiler chickens with an initial BW of 932 ± 80.6 g were assigned to diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. After 5 d of feeding, birds were euthanized by sodium pentobarbital, and ileal digesta samples were collected from distal two-third of the ileum. In Exp. 2, 16 barrows were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum. After 8-d recovery period, pigs (initial BW = 18.9 ± 1.17 kg) were divided into 4 blocks based on BW and assigned to a quadruplicate 4 × 2 incomplete Latin Square design with 4 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5-d adaptation and 2-d ileal digesta collection periods. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement with effects of species (broiler chickens or pigs) and diets (FFCS, CM, or CE). There were interactions (P < 0.05) between species and experimental diets in the AID of all indispensable AA except for Lys. The AID of indispensable AA in FFCS for broiler chickens was greater (P < 0.05) than for pigs. Broiler chickens also had greater (P < 0.05) AID of Arg, His, Leu, Phe, and Val in CM compared with pigs; however, there were no differences in the AID of indispensable AA in CE between broiler chickens and pigs. The basal ileal endogenous losses of CP and AA, except Trp, in pigs were greater (P < 0.05) than in broiler chickens. There were also interactions (P < 0.05) between species and experimental diets in the SID of all indispensable AA except for Lys. Broiler chickens fed the diet containing FFCS had greater (P < 0.05) SID of indispensable AA compared with pigs fed the same diet; however, the SID of indispensable AA in CM or CE were not different between broiler chickens and pigs. In conclusion, differences in digestibility of AA in canola products were affected by nonruminant animal species.

Validation of the net energy content of canola meal and full-fat canola seeds in growing pigs

A study was conducted to estimate the net energy (NE) content of canola meal (CM) and full-fat canola seeds (FFCS) in growing pigs, and to validate the results through a growth trial. The digestible energy (DE) content of the canola products was measured in a digestibility study by the difference method, with diets containing two-thirds of a basal diet of known digestibility and one-third of the canola products. The NE content was estimated by means of a prediction equation based on the DE content and chemical composition of the canola products. The NE was 2.43 and 3.56 Mcal kg-1 DM for CM and FFCS, respectively. For the growth study, 31-kg pigs (18 per treatment) were fed for 35 d with wheat/barley-based diets containing either 0, 5, 10 or 15% FFCS or 0, 7.5, 15 or 22.5% CM. The gain-to-feed ratio was unchanged by the levels of CM or FFCS (P &gt; 0.05), but the highest level of FFCS decreased feed intake (P &lt; 0.001) and thus increased the gain-to-feed ratio (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the NE content was correctly estimated for CM, but slightly underestimated for FFCS. Also, growing pigs can tolerate diets containing up to 22.5% CM or 10% FFCS.Key words: Net energy, growing pigs, canola meal, full-fat canola seeds

In situ Rumen Degradability, in vitro Digestibility and in vitro Gas Production of Full Fat Canola Seeds

In situ Rumen Degradability, in vitro Digestibility and in vitro Gas Production of Full Fat Canola Seeds

The Effect of Incorporating Different Levels of Locally Produced Canola Seeds (Brassica napus, L.) In the Diet of Laying Hen

Research in King Faisal University proved that canola seeds can be successfully planted in Al- Hassa area of Saudi Arabia. The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical analysis and metabolizable energy of a locally produced full fat canola seeds (LPFFCS). Also to determine the possibility of using locally produced canola seeds in the layer diet. The chemical analysis of the seeds showed that it contained 95.4% DM, 25.6% CP, 38.2% EE, 4% ash and 6.8% CF. ME, calculated from the determined TME showed a 4128 Kcal/kg value. Essential and non-essential amino acids were also determined as well as Na, Cl, Ca, P, Cu. Zn and Fe. It was concluded that with the exception of protein level canola seeds are very much similar to SBM in many aspects. Five levels of whole canola seeds; 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% were used in the diets of 100 white leghorn pullets at age of 20 weeks. The results of this experiment showed that including up to 10% whole canola in the layer diet made no harm to the performance of these birds in terms of hen-day egg production, egg mass, feed conversion and egg weight. Feed intake increased with increasing level of canola seeds in the diet. However most of these differences were season dependent. Hen-day production, egg mass and egg weight were very much lower when birds fed 30% canola. The highest production rate was found in the fall season when birds fed 5 and 10% canola seeds (90 and 88%, respectively). No specific trend was observed on the effect of canola on egg specific gravity and yolk index. However, haugh unit was higher, yolk color was darker, weight gain was lower in birds fed 30% canola seeds. It was concluded that incorporating up to 5% LPFFCS in the layer diet might benefit the producer if economically priced.

Modulation of plasma and tissue cholesterol and fatty acid composition by feeding flax and canola seeds and oils to rats

Intact full-fat oil seeds might be more resistant to oxidation than extracted and refined oils and might therefore be used as sources of dietary fat. The present study was conducted to examine and compare the influence of feeding full-fat flax and canola seeds and oils on the plasma and tissue lipids of the rat. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats (n = 4) were housed individually in metabolic cages and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing full-fat flax (FFF), flax meal + flax oil (FO), full-fat canola (FFC), canola meal + canola oil (CO), and soybean meal + animal tallow (AT). After 6 wk of feeding, plasma cholesterol levels were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced in rats fed flax diets (FF and FO) but not in those fed canola diets (FFC and CO). Liver cholesterol levels were not affected by dietary treatment. The highest levels of α-linolenic acid (LNA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were recorded in the plasma, liver, heart and epididymal fat of rats fed the flax-containing diets. Intermediate levels of LNA and EPA in plasma and tissues were found in rats fed canola-containing diets. Rats fed flax diets had less arachidonic acid (AA) in plasma, liver, and heart tissues than those fed control and canola diets, indicating inhibition of AA synthesis by high dietary LNA provided by full-fat flax seed and flax oil. These results demonstrated that full-fat flax and canola seeds could be used as sources of dietary LNA to modify plasma and tissue lipids. Key words: Flax seed, canola seed, cholesterol, fatty acid, rat