Full-duplex Protocol Research Articles

Full Duplex Media Access Control Protocol for Multihop Network Computing

Intelligent communication technologies beyond the network are proposed by using a new full-duplex protocol. The Media Access Control (MAC) is a data interaction network protocol, which outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4e. This research discusses the planning and execution of full-duplex (FD) pipeline MAC protocol for multihop wireless networks (MWN). The design uses a combination of Radio frequency and baseband methods to realize full-duplexing with smallest impact on cross layer functions. The execution and trial results specify that Pipeline Media Access Control (PiMAC) protocol considerably develops network implementation in terms of transmission protocol (TP) and transmission delay. The advantage of using FD-MAC will increase the range of nodes. Also takes benefit of the FD mode of the antenna, which outperforms additionally 80% for all assessed cases. In this analysis, it was considered of that Psz = 8184 bits and Rc = 1Mbps; that’s, TDATA represents an excellent portion of total UTC. Tests on real nodes displays that the FD theme achieves a median gain of 90% in mixture throughput as equated to half-duplex (HD) theme for MWN. The energy consumption of proposed system method is 29.8% reduced when compared with existing system method.

Full-duplex protocol for vehicle-to-vehicle NOMA relay system over double Rayleigh fading

Full-duplex protocol for vehicle-to-vehicle NOMA relay system over double Rayleigh fading

UAV-Aided Energy-Efficient Edge Computing Networks: Security Offloading Optimization

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely applied for service provisioning in many domains, such as topographic mapping and traffic monitoring. These applications are complicated with huge computational resources and extremely low-latency requirements. However, the moderate computational capability and limited energy restrict the local data processing for the UAV. Fortunately, this impediment may be mitigated by utilizing wireless power transfer (WPT) and employing the multiaccess edge computing (MEC) paradigm for offloading demanding computational tasks from the UAV via wireless communications. Particularly, the offloaded information may become compromising by the eavesdropper (Eve) when UAVs offload the computational tasks to MEC servers. To address this issue, a UAV-MEC (UMEC) system with energy harvesting (EH) is studied, where the full-duplex protocol is considered to realize simultaneously receiving confidential data from the UAV and broadcasting the control instructions. It is worth noting that in our proposed scheme, these control instructions also serve as the artificial interference to confuse the Eve. To improve the energy efficiency for offloading, the computational communication resource allocation is optimized to minimize the energy consumption for UAV with the consumed and harvested energy. Specially, the worst case secrecy offloading rate and computation-latency constraint are considered, to further enhance the reliability and security of the proposed system. Since the objective optimization problem is nonconvex, we convert it into a convex one by analytical means. The semiclosed form expressions of the offloading time, offloading data size, and transmit power are, respectively, derived. Moreover, the conditions of nonoffloading, partial, and full offloading are also discussed from a physical perspective. With the specific conditions of activating the above-mentioned three offloading options, numerical results verify the performance of our proposed offloading strategy in various scenarios and show the superiority of our offloading strategy with the existing works in terms of the offloading capacity and energy efficiency.

JavaSim-IBFD-CRNs: Novel java simulator for in-band Full-Duplex cognitive radio networks over Internet of Things environment

Multi-channel non-time-slotted cognitive radio ad hoc networks are attractive to researchers nowadays; because they utilize the spectrum efficiently and represent a useful network design for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. From this point, a simulator that mimics these networks is developed using Java language. Further, researchers have proven that many problems facing these networks can be solved by using Full Duplex (FD) nodes. Thus, the proposed simulator is extended to support FD cognitive radio nodes. Each one of these nodes is allowed to receive in a sweeping pattern from various nodes, while transmitting to another node. In an alternative scenario, the node can transmit in a sweeping pattern to various nodes while receiving from one node in a specific direction. Both scenarios are adopted in the route request packet broadcasting phase. However, in the route reply packet delivery, the nodes are allowed to operate in FD transmit and sense or in FD transmit and receive modes. Interestingly, the simulator is tested using FD protocol, also introduced in this paper, that can be useful for IoT applications. Besides the proposed protocol is compared with very recent and close related routing protocol called Probabilistic and Deterministic Path Selection (PDPS). The results are logical; as they are compatible with the theoretical expectations, and the FD protocol surpassed PDPS by almost doubling the throughput.

Secure and Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Wireless Power Enabled Full-/Half-Duplex Multiple-Antenna Relay Systems

In this paper, we consider both energy efficiency and security issues in a wireless power transfer (WPT) enabled relay system. In the considered system, the multiple-antenna decode-and-forward relay node (RN) has both information decoding and wireless power recycling capabilities, and thus can be empowered by WPT and assist the transmission from the multiple-antenna base station (BS) to the mobile terminals (MTs). In addition, we consider that there is an eavesdropper between the BS and the RNs, which tries to overhear the information sent to the MTs. We formulate a joint optimization problem with the objective to optimize energy efficiency of the presented system by considering WPT time allocation, power allocation, and secrecy data rate. In particular, we propose to select RNs based on different assigned priorities so that the physical layer security of information transmission can be guaranteed. Moreover, we take into consideration of the cases that the RNs adopt the half- and full-duplex protocols, and study the corresponding system performance analytically. The proposed schemes are evaluated by extensive simulations and it is demonstrated that the proposed resource allocation schemes can obtain energy efficiency maximization, and have superior performance over other schemes.

Opportunistic relaying and jamming with robust design in hybrid full/half-duplex relay system

Full duplex (FD) protocol has been widely used in wireless communications, which could transmit and receive signals at the meantime. In this paper, considering the worst-case channel uncertainty, opportunistic relaying and jamming strategy in decode-and-forward (DF) hybrid full/half-duplex (HD) relay system is proposed to enhance security. Specifically, the relay works in FD protocol to receive the confidential signals and transmit jamming signals at the first time slot. Then, the relay switches to HD protocol to transmit the decoded signals. Meanwhile, jammers emit cooperative jamming (CJ) signals to interfere the eavesdropper at two transmission slots. Suppose that imperfect eavesdropper channel condition is considered, we propose a worst-case robust design to obtain distributed jamming weights, which is solved through semi-definite program (SDP). Furthermore, we analyze secrecy rate and secrecy outage performance of the proposed scheme. As a benchmark, a traditional relay selection strategy with HD protocol in distributed relay system is listed for comparison. Simulation results demonstrate that our hybrid scheme with robust design outperforms the traditional relay selection scheme, because the traditional scheme does not consider hybrid FD/HD protocols and robust design based on imperfect channel conditions.

Simultaneous Uplink/Downlink Transmission Using Full-Duplex Single-RF MIMO

In this letter, we introduce a full-duplex protocol for simultaneous transmission between the uplink and the downlink of cellular networks. The protocol takes advantage of the inactive antenna(s) in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with a single active radio frequency (RF) front-end. More precisely, for the downlink transmissions, we make use of spatial modulation (SM), and for the uplink, we make use of the coordinate-interleaved orthogonal design (CIOD)-based space-time block code (STBC). We provide accurate mathematical expressions for evaluating the error-performances and the achievable diversity order at the base station (BS) and at the mobile terminal (MT) in the presence of self-interference. Our results demonstrate clearly the potential of SM and CIOD for full-duplex operation.

Link layer protocol analysis of future 10 Gb/s infrared links

In this study the authors discuss the performance of the link layer protocol of future 10 Gb/s short-range infrared links. The authors utilise analytical and simulation results to calculate the protocol efficiency both in a half-duplex mode of operation, which is currently standardised and a full-duplex mode that is considered for the future standard. The results show that the half-duplex protocol will require a significant extension on the window size, and optionally the frame size, in order to provide maximum efficiency for all possible physical layer arrangements. The full-duplex protocol, on the other hand, requires limited window and frame sizes and therefore has the potential to provide a significant gain in link layer metrics, such as latency and buffering.

A polynomial algorithm for gateway generation from formal specifications

A systematic procedure that takes exponential time to synthesize protocol converters from formal specifications is presented. The algorithm proceeds in two steps: compute the largest common subset of services provided by the two mismatched protocols, and reduce the converter, retaining common services, without traversing the entire machine that represents the composition of the two mismatched protocols. In a number of cases, the converter can be constructed by a memoryless translation of messages from one protocol to another. Conditions under which such stateless conversion is possible are given. Two examples are presented to illustrate the techniques. In the first example, a converter that interconnects a half-duplex protocol with a full-duplex protocol from their formal specifications is computed. In the second example, the polynomial procedure is applied to computation of a converter for interconnecting the SNR and TCP protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>